Lexical Summary qum: Arise, stand, establish, confirm, endure Original Word: קוּם Strong's Exhaustive Concordance appoint, establish, make, raise up self, arise up, make to stand, set up (Aramaic) corresponding to quwm -- appoint, establish, make, raise up self, (a-)rise (up), (make to) stand, set (up). see HEBREW quwm NAS Exhaustive Concordance Word Origin(Aramaic) corresponding to qum Definition to arise, stand NASB Translation appoint (2), appointed (2), arise (5), arose (2), endure (1), establish (2), establishes (2), made to stand (1), raised (1), set (10), sets (2), standing (3), stood (2). Topical Lexicon קוּם (Strong’s Hebrew 6966)Range and Setting of the Word קוּם appears about thirty-five times, all in the Aramaic sections of Ezra (4:8–6:18; 7:12–26) and Daniel (2:4b–7:28). The term carries the idea of rising, standing, or being established. Because Aramaic was the diplomatic lingua franca of the Persian period, its usage sheds light on life and faith in the post-exilic world where Israel’s witness unfolded amid imperial powers. Ezra: Charges of Rebellion and the Re-establishment of Worship 1. Accusations of Revolt Persian officials alleged that Jerusalem “has been a rebellious city, harmful to kings and provinces; past revolts have arisen there” (Ezra 4:15). קוּם underlines hostility toward the work of God’s people; their obedience was portrayed as insurrection. 2. Royal Decrees that “Stand” In the same dossier the word marks a decree that had “been issued” (4:19). Later, Darius’ search for the original edict and his new order for the temple’s completion (5:3–17; 6:1–12) use קוּם to stress that what the king sets up cannot be annulled by lesser officials. 3. Divine Oversight of Power Darius ends his proclamation with a prayer-curse: “May God... overthrow every king or people who lifts a hand to alter this decree or to destroy this house of God in Jerusalem” (Ezra 6:12). The same verb that speaks of human rising also warns that God can cause every pretender to fall. 4. A People Re-established The outcome is the finished temple and restored worship (6:15-18). קוּם underscores that Israel’s spiritual life is re-erected by providence, not merely by human labor. Daniel: The Rise and Fall of Kingdoms 1. The Statue that Stands (Daniel 2) Nebuchadnezzar saw “a great statue... [that] stood before you” (2:31). The image represents successive empires; its mere standing is provisional because “a stone... struck the statue” (2:34) and shattered it. 2. God Sets Up an Everlasting Kingdom “In the days of those kings, the God of heaven will set up a kingdom that will never be destroyed” (2:44). קוּם here moves from human impermanence to divine permanence, contrasting transient earthly rule with the Messiah’s unshakeable reign. 3. Beasts That Arise (Daniel 7) “Four great beasts came up out of the sea” (7:3); “These four great beasts are four kings who will arise from the earth” (7:17). The word paints the restless surge of world powers, preparing for the enthronement of “One like a Son of Man” (7:13-14), whose dominion will not pass away. 4. Personal Courage in a Pagan Court Daniel “stood before the king” (2:25) and his friends “stood before the king” (1:19). קוּם here frames steadfast witness: they rise in royal service yet remain uncompromised in faith. Theological Threads • Sovereign Establishment: Whether describing a decree, a temple, a king, or a kingdom, קוּם constantly points to the One who alone makes anything truly stand (Psalm 33:10-11; although Hebrew, the principle is identical). • Transience of Human Power: Empires rise only to fall; the stone cut without hands endures. History is a stage for the unfolding, undefeatable kingdom of God (Daniel 2:44; Revelation 11:15). • Gospel Foreshadowing: The promise of a kingdom that “will itself endure forever” directs readers to Jesus Christ, whose resurrection is the ultimate קוּם (“He is risen,” Matthew 28:6). • Call to Steadfastness: As Daniel and the exiles stood firm, believers are urged to “stand firm in the faith” (1 Corinthians 16:13) and to let God establish their work (Psalm 90:17). Ministry and Devotional Application 1. Encouragement for Builders: Church planters and ministry leaders can take heart that what God establishes cannot be overturned (Ezra 6:12; Matthew 16:18). Summary קוּם in its thirty-five Aramaic occurrences traces a majestic storyline: earthly decrees, cities, and rulers may arise, yet only what God sets up will endure. From the rebuilt temple under Darius to the visions granted Daniel, the verb reveals the Lord who raises kingdoms, overthrows rebels, and ultimately establishes an eternal reign in the Messiah. Believers, therefore, are summoned to rise, stand, and labor with confidence that their toil in the Lord is never in vain. Forms and Transliterations אֲקִימֵהּ֙ אקימה הֲקִימֵ֖הּ הֲקֵ֖ים הֲקֵ֖ימְתָּ הֲקֵ֖ימֶת הֳקִימַ֔ת הֳקִמַ֔ת הקים הקימה הקימת הקמת וְקָ֣ם וְקָֽיְמִין֙ וַהֲקִ֨ימוּ וַהֲקִים֙ וּמְהָקֵ֣ים והקים והקימו ומהקים וקימין וקם יְהָקֵ֖ים יְהָקֵ֥ים יְק֣וּם יְקִ֥ים יְקִים֩ יְקֻמ֑וּן יְקוּמ֑וּן יְקוּמ֥וּן יהקים יקום יקומון יקים יקמון לְקַיָּמָ֤ה לַהֲקָמוּתֵ֖הּ להקמותה לקימה ק֥וּמִֽי קָ֠מוּ קָ֣אֲמַיָּ֔א קָאֵ֣ם קאם קאמיא קומי קמו תְּק֛וּם תְּק֥וּם תְּקִ֥ים תקום תקים ’ă·qî·mêh ’ăqîmêh akiMeh hă·qê·mə·tā hă·qê·meṯ hă·qêm hă·qî·mêh haKeim haKeimet haKeimeta hakiMeh hăqêm hăqêmeṯ hăqêmətā hăqîmêh ho·qi·maṯ ho·qî·maṯ hokiMat hoqimaṯ hoqîmaṯ kaamaiYa kaEm Kamu Kumi la·hă·qā·mū·ṯêh lahakamuTeh lahăqāmūṯêh lə·qay·yā·māh lekaiyaMah ləqayyāmāh qā’ămayyā qā’êm qā·’ă·may·yā qā·’êm qā·mū qāmū qū·mî qūmî tə·qîm tə·qūm teKim teKum təqîm təqūm ū·mə·hā·qêm umehaKeim ūməhāqêm vahaKim vahaKimu veKam vekayeMin wa·hă·qî·mū wa·hă·qîm wahăqîm wahăqîmū wə·qā·yə·mîn wə·qām wəqām wəqāyəmîn yə·hā·qêm yə·qîm yə·qu·mūn yə·qū·mūn yə·qūm yehaKeim yəhāqêm yeKim yeKum yekuMun yəqîm yəqūm yəqumūn yəqūmūnLinks Interlinear Greek • Interlinear Hebrew • Strong's Numbers • Englishman's Greek Concordance • Englishman's Hebrew Concordance • Parallel TextsEnglishman's Concordance Ezra 5:2 HEB: בֵּאדַ֡יִן קָ֠מוּ זְרֻבָּבֶ֤ל בַּר־ NAS: of Jozadak arose and began KJV: them.Then rose up Zerubbabel the son INT: then arose Zerubbabel the son Ezra 6:18 Daniel 2:21 Daniel 2:31 Daniel 2:39 Daniel 2:44 Daniel 2:44 Daniel 3:1 Daniel 3:2 Daniel 3:3 Daniel 3:3 Daniel 3:3 Daniel 3:5 Daniel 3:7 Daniel 3:12 Daniel 3:14 Daniel 3:18 Daniel 3:24 Daniel 4:17 Daniel 5:11 Daniel 5:21 Daniel 6:1 Daniel 6:3 Daniel 6:7 Daniel 6:8 35 Occurrences |
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