Nahum 3:16
New International Version
You have increased the number of your merchants till they are more numerous than the stars in the sky, but like locusts they strip the land and then fly away.

New Living Translation
Your merchants have multiplied until they outnumber the stars. But like a swarm of locusts, they strip the land and fly away.

English Standard Version
You increased your merchants more than the stars of the heavens. The locust spreads its wings and flies away.

Berean Standard Bible
You have multiplied your merchants more than the stars of the sky. The young locust strips the land and flies away.

King James Bible
Thou hast multiplied thy merchants above the stars of heaven: the cankerworm spoileth, and flieth away.

New King James Version
You have multiplied your merchants more than the stars of heaven. The locust plunders and flies away.

New American Standard Bible
You have made your traders more numerous than the stars of heaven— The creeping locust sheds its skin and flies away.

NASB 1995
You have increased your traders more than the stars of heaven— The creeping locust strips and flies away.

NASB 1977
You have increased your traders more than the stars of heaven— The creeping locust strips and flies away.

Legacy Standard Bible
You have increased your traders more than the stars of heaven— The creeping locust strips and flies away.

Amplified Bible
You have increased your traders more than the [visible] stars of heaven— The creeping locust strips and destroys and then flies away.

Christian Standard Bible
You have made your merchants more numerous than the stars of the sky. The young locust strips the land and flies away.

Holman Christian Standard Bible
You have made your merchants more numerous than the stars of the sky. The young locust strips the land and flies away.

American Standard Version
Thou hast multiplied thy merchants above the stars of heaven: the canker-worm ravageth, and fleeth away.

Contemporary English Version
More merchants are in your city than there are stars in the sky--but they are like locusts that eat everything, then fly away.

English Revised Version
Thou hast multiplied thy merchants above the stars of heaven: the cankerworm spoileth, and flieth away.

GOD'S WORD® Translation
You have produced more businessmen than there are stars in the sky. [They are] like locusts that attack and then fly away.

Good News Translation
You produced more merchants than there are stars in the sky! But now they are gone, like locusts that spread their wings and fly away.

International Standard Version
You added to your inventory of businessmen— they number more than the stars of heaven. The creeping locust sheds its skin and flies away.

Majority Standard Bible
You have multiplied your merchants more than the stars of the sky. The young locust strips the land and flies away.

NET Bible
Increase your merchants more than the stars of heaven! They are like the young locust which sheds its skin and flies away.

New Heart English Bible
You have increased your merchants more than the stars of the skies. The grasshopper strips, and flees away.

Webster's Bible Translation
Thou hast multiplied thy merchants above the stars of heaven: the canker-worm spoileth, and flieth away.

World English Bible
You have increased your merchants more than the stars of the skies. The grasshopper strips and flees away.
Literal Translations
Literal Standard Version
Multiply your merchants above the stars of the heavens, "" The cankerworm has stripped off, and flees away.

Young's Literal Translation
Multiply thy merchants above the stars of the heavens, The cankerworm hath stripped off, and doth flee away.

Smith's Literal Translation
Thou didst multiply thy traffics above the stars of the heavens: the feeder spread out and it will fly away.
Catholic Translations
Douay-Rheims Bible
Thou hast multiplied thy merchandises above the stars of heaven: the bruchus hath spread himself and flown away.

Catholic Public Domain Version
You have made more negotiations than there are stars in the sky. The beetle has spread out and flown away.

New American Bible
You have made your traders more numerous than the stars of the heavens; like grasshoppers that shed their skins and fly away.

New Revised Standard Version
You increased your merchants more than the stars of the heavens. The locust sheds its skin and flies away.
Translations from Aramaic
Lamsa Bible
You have multiplied your merchants more than the stars of the heaven; the young locust swarms and flies away.

Peshitta Holy Bible Translated
And you have multiplied your Merchants more than the stars of Heaven the crawling locust sheds skin and flies away
OT Translations
JPS Tanakh 1917
Thou hast multiplied thy merchants Above the stars of heaven; The canker-worm spreadeth itself, and flieth away.

Brenton Septuagint Translation
Thou hast multiplied thy merchandise beyond the stars of heaven: the palmerworm has attacked it, and has flown away.

Additional Translations ...
Audio Bible



Context
Judgment Against Nineveh
15There the fire will devour you; the sword will cut you down and consume you like a young locust. Make yourself many like the young locust; make yourself many like the swarming locust! 16You have multiplied your merchants more than the stars of the sky. The young locust strips the land and flies away. 17Your guards are like the swarming locust, and your scribes like clouds of locusts that settle on the walls on a cold day. When the sun rises, they fly away, and no one knows where.…

Cross References
Revelation 18:11-19
And the merchants of the earth will weep and mourn over her, because there is no one left to buy their cargo— / cargo of gold, silver, precious stones, and pearls; of fine linen, purple, silk, and scarlet; of all kinds of citron wood and every article of ivory, precious wood, bronze, iron, and marble; / of cinnamon, spice, incense, myrrh, and frankincense; of wine, olive oil, fine flour, and wheat; of cattle, sheep, horses, and carriages; of bodies and souls of slaves. ...

Ezekiel 27:12-25
Tarshish was your merchant because of your great wealth of goods; they exchanged silver, iron, tin, and lead for your wares. / Javan, Tubal, and Meshech were your merchants. They exchanged slaves and bronze utensils for your merchandise. / The men of Beth-togarmah exchanged horses, war horses, and mules for your wares. ...

Isaiah 23:8-9
Who planned this against Tyre, the bestower of crowns, whose traders are princes, whose merchants are renowned on the earth? / The LORD of Hosts planned it, to defile all its glorious beauty, to disgrace all the renowned of the earth.

Jeremiah 51:13
You who dwell by many waters, rich in treasures, your end has come; the thread of your life is cut.

Zephaniah 1:11
Wail, O dwellers of the Hollow, for all your merchants will be silenced; all who weigh out silver will be cut off.

Isaiah 47:15
This is what they are to you—those with whom you have labored and traded from youth—each one strays in his own direction; not one of them can save you.

Ezekiel 28:16
By the vastness of your trade, you were filled with violence, and you sinned. So I drove you in disgrace from the mountain of God, and I banished you, O guardian cherub, from among the fiery stones.

Revelation 18:3
All the nations have drunk the wine of the passion of her immorality. The kings of the earth were immoral with her, and the merchants of the earth have grown wealthy from the extravagance of her luxury.”

Isaiah 13:20
She will never be inhabited or settled from generation to generation; no nomad will pitch his tent there, no shepherd will rest his flock there.

Jeremiah 50:37
A sword is against her horses and chariots and against all the foreigners in her midst, and they will become like women. A sword is against her treasuries, and they will be plundered.

Isaiah 14:31
Wail, O gate! Cry out, O city! Melt away, all you Philistines! For a cloud of smoke comes from the north, and there are no stragglers in its ranks.

Ezekiel 27:33
When your wares went out to sea, you satisfied many nations. You enriched the kings of the earth with your abundant wealth and merchandise.

Revelation 18:23
The light of a lamp will never shine in you again, and the voices of a bride and bridegroom will never call out in you again. For your merchants were the great ones of the earth, because all the nations were deceived by your sorcery.”

Isaiah 47:9
These two things will overtake you in a moment, in a single day: loss of children, and widowhood. They will come upon you in full measure, in spite of your many sorceries and the potency of your spells.

Jeremiah 51:33
For this is what the LORD of Hosts, the God of Israel, says: “The Daughter of Babylon is like a threshing floor at the time it is trampled. In just a little while her harvest time will come.”


Treasury of Scripture

You have multiplied your merchants above the stars of heaven: the cankerworm spoils, and flees away.

above.

Genesis 15:5
And he brought him forth abroad, and said, Look now toward heaven, and tell the stars, if thou be able to number them: and he said unto him, So shall thy seed be.

Genesis 22:17
That in blessing I will bless thee, and in multiplying I will multiply thy seed as the stars of the heaven, and as the sand which is upon the sea shore; and thy seed shall possess the gate of his enemies;

Nehemiah 9:23
Their children also multipliedst thou as the stars of heaven, and broughtest them into the land, concerning which thou hadst promised to their fathers, that they should go in to possess it.

spoileth.

Jump to Previous
Cankerworm Canker-Worm Creeping Flee Flees Fleeth Flies Flieth Grasshopper Heaven Heavens Increased Itself Locust Merchants Multiplied Multiply Skies Sky Spoileth Spreadeth Spreads Stars Strip Stripped Strips Traders Wings
Jump to Next
Cankerworm Canker-Worm Creeping Flee Flees Fleeth Flies Flieth Grasshopper Heaven Heavens Increased Itself Locust Merchants Multiplied Multiply Skies Sky Spoileth Spreadeth Spreads Stars Strip Stripped Strips Traders Wings
Nahum 3
1. The destruction of Nineveh.














You have multiplied your merchants
This phrase highlights the economic prosperity and commercial expansion of Nineveh, the capital of Assyria. The Hebrew root for "merchants" is "סֹחֵר" (socher), which refers to traders or those engaged in commerce. Historically, Nineveh was a bustling trade center, strategically located along major trade routes. This prosperity, however, is depicted as excessive and ultimately detrimental, as it reflects a focus on material wealth over spiritual or moral integrity. The multiplication of merchants symbolizes the city's greed and reliance on economic power, which, from a conservative Christian perspective, serves as a warning against the dangers of prioritizing wealth over righteousness.

more than the stars of the sky
This hyperbolic expression emphasizes the vast number of merchants in Nineveh, likening them to the innumerable stars. The imagery of stars often conveys a sense of vastness and abundance in the Bible. In Genesis 15:5, God promises Abraham descendants as numerous as the stars, symbolizing blessing and divine favor. However, in Nahum, this abundance is ironic, as it foreshadows judgment rather than blessing. The phrase serves as a reminder that what may appear as prosperity can lead to downfall if it is not aligned with God's will.

The young locust
The "young locust" symbolizes destruction and consumption. In Hebrew, "גּוֹזָל" (gozal) refers to a young locust or a fledgling. Locusts are often used in Scripture as instruments of divine judgment, as seen in the plagues of Egypt (Exodus 10:12-15). The imagery of locusts conveys a sense of relentless devastation, as they consume everything in their path. This serves as a metaphor for the impending judgment on Nineveh, where the once-thriving economy will be stripped bare. From a conservative Christian viewpoint, this illustrates the consequences of turning away from God and relying on worldly success.

strips the land and flies away
This phrase describes the transient and destructive nature of the locusts' impact. The Hebrew verb "פָּשַׁט" (pashat) means to strip or plunder, indicating thorough devastation. The locusts' ability to "fly away" underscores the fleeting nature of their presence, leaving behind desolation. This serves as a powerful metaphor for the temporary nature of Nineveh's wealth and power. In a broader spiritual context, it warns against the ephemeral nature of earthly riches and the importance of seeking lasting treasures in heaven. The imagery calls believers to reflect on the impermanence of material success and the enduring value of spiritual integrity.

(16) Spoileth.--Better, spreads itself out: swarms out to spoil.

Verse 16. - Its extensive commercial relations shall not save it. Thou hast multiplied thy merchants. Nineveh was most favourably situated for carrying on commerce with other countries. The roads from Asia Minor, Syria, Egypt, and Phoenicia, that led into Media, Persia, and the interior of Asia, converged at Nineveh, and brought thither merchandise from all lands; and the Assyrians themselves exported their own produce and manufactures to the far West. Among these are enumerated textile fabrics, carpets, dyed attire, and embroidered work, carvings in ivory, gems, spices (see Rawlinson, 'Anc. Mon.,' 2:179, etc.; Layard, 'Nineveh,' 2:414, etc.). The cankerworm spoileth; or, spreadeth itself for plunder; Vulgate, expansus est; Septuagint, ὥρμησεν, "attacked." The cankerworm (see note on ver. 15) are the enemy,who spread themselves over the rich produce of Nineveh, and then flee away laden with spoil. Pusey makes the cankerworm represent Nineveh. She spread herself everywhere wasting and plundering, and now she is gone, has disappeared. But the former explanation better suits the comparison in ver. 15, where "the licker" is the enemy; and it is most natural that the prophet should allude to the fate of that commercial wealth which he has just mentioned, as in previous verses he contrasts the riches and power of Nineveh with the ruin that awaits them.

Parallel Commentaries ...


Hebrew
You have multiplied
הִרְבֵּית֙ (hir·bêṯ)
Verb - Hifil - Perfect - second person feminine singular
Strong's 7235: To be or become much, many or great

your merchants
רֹֽכְלַ֔יִךְ (rō·ḵə·la·yiḵ)
Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine plural construct | second person feminine singular
Strong's 7402: To travel for, trading

more than the stars
מִכּוֹכְבֵ֖י (mik·kō·wḵ·ḇê)
Preposition-m | Noun - masculine plural construct
Strong's 3556: A star, a prince

of the sky.
הַשָּׁמָ֑יִם (haš·šā·mā·yim)
Article | Noun - masculine plural
Strong's 8064: Heaven, sky

The young locust
יֶ֥לֶק (ye·leq)
Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 3218: A devourer, the young locust

strips the land
פָּשַׁ֖ט (pā·šaṭ)
Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singular
Strong's 6584: To strip off, make a dash, raid

and flies away.
וַיָּעֹֽף׃ (way·yā·‘ōp̄)
Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular
Strong's 5774: To fly, to faint


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OT Prophets: Nahum 3:16 You have increased your merchants more than (Nah. Na)
Nahum 3:15
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