1 Kings 3:18
On the third day after I gave birth, this woman also had a baby. We were alone, with no one in the house but the two of us.
On the third day after I gave birth,

Both women had recently given birth and were still in the vulnerable days of recovery. Scripture often marks the third day as a decisive moment in which God brings clarity, deliverance, or new life (Genesis 22:4; Hosea 6:2; Luke 24:46). The immediate concern, however, is the ordinary yet profound reality of a mother caring for her newborn child.

Hos 6:2 After two days He will revive us; on the third day…
Luk 2:6-7 While they were there, the time came for her Child…

this woman also had a baby.

The women shared the same dwelling and the same joy of motherhood, yet their similar circumstances became the setting for deep grief and deception. Children were recognized as gifts from God and as a family’s future, making the loss of an infant especially devastating.

Luk 1:57-58 When the time came for Elizabeth to have her child,…
Gen 21:2 So Sarah conceived and bore a son to Abraham in his old age…

We were alone,

No witness could confirm either woman’s account. Their isolation brought the matter before Solomon without ordinary evidence, creating an occasion for the wisdom God had given him to be displayed.

Deu 19:15 A lone witness is not sufficient to establish any wrongdoing…
Mat 18:16 But if he will not listen, take one or two others along…

with no one in the house but the two of us.

The dispute could not be settled by testimony from neighbors, relatives, or servants. Solomon would need to judge righteously by discerning the truth of the women’s hearts, fulfilling his calling to govern God’s people with justice.

Gen 39:10-12 Although Potiphar’s wife spoke to Joseph, he refused…
2Sa 13:7-9 Then David sent word to Tamar at the palace:…

Persons / Places / Events
1. Solomon
The king of Israel known for his wisdom, who is the judge in this account.

2. Two Women
The central figures in this account, both of whom are mothers and come to Solomon for judgment.

3. The House
The setting where the events took place, emphasizing the isolation and lack of witnesses.

4. The Infants
The two babies born to the women, one of whom tragically dies, leading to the dispute.

5. The Throne of Judgment
The place where Solomon hears the case, symbolizing his role as a wise and discerning king.
Teaching Points
The Value of Wisdom
Solomon's ability to discern the truth highlights the importance of seeking God's wisdom in our lives.

The Sanctity of Life
The account underscores the preciousness of life and the deep bond between a mother and her child.

Truth and Integrity
The account challenges us to uphold truth and integrity, even when no one else is watching.

God's Justice
Solomon's judgment reflects God's perfect justice, reminding us to trust in His righteous ways.

The Role of Community
The absence of witnesses in the house points to the importance of community and accountability in our lives.
Bible Study Questions
1. How does Solomon's request for wisdom earlier in 1 Kings 3 prepare him for this moment of judgment?

2. In what ways does the isolation of the two women in the house impact the dynamics of the account, and what can this teach us about accountability?

3. How can we apply the principle of seeking God's wisdom in our daily decision-making processes?

4. What does this account teach us about the importance of truth and integrity in our relationships with others?

5. How can we ensure that our communities reflect the values of justice and accountability seen in Solomon's judgment?
Connections to Other Scriptures
Exodus 20:16
The commandment against bearing false witness connects to the theme of truth and deception in the women's claims.

Proverbs 3:5-6
Trusting in the Lord for wisdom parallels Solomon's reliance on God-given wisdom to discern the truth.

James 1:5
The promise of wisdom to those who ask God relates to Solomon's earlier request for wisdom in 1 Kings 3:9.

Psalm 139:13-16
The acknowledgment of God's role in the creation of life connects to the significance of the birth of the infants.

Matthew 10:16
The call to be wise as serpents and innocent as doves reflects the need for discernment in complex situations.
The Prayer of Solomon and its FulfilmentE. De Pressense 1 Kings 3:3-16; 4:2-34
Administration of Justice Difficult1 Kings 3:16-28
Evil of DivisionsE. Thompson, D. D.1 Kings 3:16-28
Judgment Obtained by Appeal to the Principle of AffectionE. Thompson, D. D.1 Kings 3:16-28
The MotherA. Mursell.1 Kings 3:16-28
The True MotherR. Young, M. A.1 Kings 3:16-28
People
David, Gibeon, Pharaoh, Solomon
Places
Egypt, Gibeon, Jerusalem
Topics
Alone, Baby, Birth, Born, Bringeth, Bringing, Child, Delivered, Forth, Other-person, Pass, Save, Stranger, Third
Dictionary of Bible Themes
1 Kings 3:16-27

     5383   lawsuits
     5834   disagreement

1 Kings 3:16-28

     5120   Solomon, character
     5652   babies
     8367   wisdom, importance of

Library
A Young Man's Wise Choice Op Wisdom
'In Gibeon the Lord appeared to Solomon in a dream by night: and God said, Ask what I shall give thee. 6. And Solomon said, Thou hast shewed unto Thy servant David my father great mercy, according as he walked before Thee in truth, and in righteousness, and in uprightness of heart with Thee; and Thou hast kept for him this great kindness, that Thou hast given him a son to sit on his throne, as it is this day. 7. And now, O Lord my God, Thou hast made Thy servant king instead of David my father: and
Alexander Maclaren—Expositions of Holy Scripture

"But Seek Ye First the Kingdom of God and his Righteousness," &C.
Matt. vi. 33.--"But seek ye first the kingdom of God and his righteousness," &c. This is a part of Christ's long sermon. He is dissuading his disciples and the people from carnal carefulness and worldly mindedness. The sermon holds out the Christian's diverse aspects towards spiritual and external things. What is the Christian's disposition in regard to the world, how should he look upon food, raiment, and all things necessary in this life? "Be careful for nothing." "Take no thought for your life,
Hugh Binning—The Works of the Rev. Hugh Binning

Whether the Degrees of Prophecy Change as Time Goes On?
Objection 1: It would seem that the degrees of prophecy change as time goes on. For prophecy is directed to the knowledge of Divine things, as stated above [3690](A[2]). Now according to Gregory (Hom. in Ezech.), "knowledge of God went on increasing as time went on." Therefore degrees of prophecy should be distinguished according to the process of time. Objection 2: Further, prophetic revelation is conveyed by God speaking to man; while the prophets declared both in words and in writing the things
Saint Thomas Aquinas—Summa Theologica

Letter Lxxiv. To Rufinus of Rome.
Rufinus, a Roman Presbyter (to be carefully distinguished from Rufinus of Aquileia and Rufinus the Syrian), had written to Jerome for an explanation of the judgment of Solomon (1 Kings iii. 16-28). This Jerome gives at length, treating the narrative as a parable and making the false and true mothers types of the Synagogue and the Church. The date of the letter is 398 a.d.
St. Jerome—The Principal Works of St. Jerome

Love is the Touchstone by which the Reality of Truth is Perceived...
1. Love is the touchstone by which the reality of truth is perceived, and by it shall all men know that ye are My disciples (John xiii.35). I also make use of the sword of justice, so that at first sight some are inclined to think that, like Solomon, I intend to finish My work without mercy (1 Kings iii.16-28), but My object, like his, is to apply the touchstone of love which will bring out the truth, and show that you are the children of that God of Love who gave His life to save yours. You ought
Sadhu Sundar Singh—At The Master's Feet

The Song of Solomon.
An important link in the chain of the Messianic hopes is formed by the Song of Solomon. It is intimately associated with Ps. lxxii., which was written by Solomon, and represents the Messiah as the Prince of Peace, imperfectly prefigured by Solomon as His type. As in this Psalm, so also in the Song of Solomon, the coming of the Messiah forms the subject throughout, and He is introduced there under the name of Solomon, the Peaceful One. His coming shall be preceded by severe afflictions, represented
Ernst Wilhelm Hengstenberg—Christology of the Old Testament

Sargon of Assyria (722-705 B. C. )
SARGON AS A WARRIOR AND AS A BUILDER. The origin of Sargon II.: the revolt of Babylon, Merodach-baladan and Elam--The kingdom of Elam from the time of the first Babylonian empire; the conquest's of Shutruh-nalkunta I.; the princes of Malamir--The first encounter of Assyria and Elam, the battle of Durilu (721 B.C.)--Revolt of Syria, Iaubidi of Hamath and Hannon of Gaza--Bocchoris and the XXIVth Egyptian dynasty; the first encounter of Assyria with Egypt, the battle of Raphia (720 B.C.). Urartu
G. Maspero—History Of Egypt, Chaldaea, Syria, Babylonia, and Assyria, V 7

Tit. 2:06 Thoughts for Young Men
WHEN St. Paul wrote his Epistle to Titus about his duty as a minister, he mentioned young men as a class requiring peculiar attention. After speaking of aged men and aged women, and young women, he adds this pithy advice, "Young men likewise exhort to be sober-minded" (Tit. 2:6). I am going to follow the Apostle's advice. I propose to offer a few words of friendly exhortation to young men. I am growing old myself, but there are few things I remember so well as the days of my youth. I have a most
John Charles Ryle—The Upper Room: Being a Few Truths for the Times

Formation and History of the Hebrew Canon.
1. The Greek word canon (originally a straight rod or pole, measuring-rod, then rule) denotes that collection of books which the churches receive as given by inspiration of God, and therefore as constituting for them a divine rule of faith and practice. To the books included in it the term canonical is applied. The Canon of the Old Testament, considered in reference to its constituent parts, was formed gradually; formed under divine superintendence by a process of growth extending through
E. P. Barrows—Companion to the Bible

Differences in Judgment About Water Baptism, no Bar to Communion: Or, to Communicate with Saints, as Saints, Proved Lawful.
IN ANSWER TO A BOOK WRITTEN BY THE BAPTISTS, AND PUBLISHED BY MR. T. PAUL AND MR. W. KIFFIN, ENTITLED, 'SOME SERIOUS REFLECTIONS ON THAT PART OF MR BUNYAN'S CONFESSION OF FAITH, TOUCHING CHURCH COMMUNION WITH UNBAPTIZED BELIEVERS.' WHEREIN THEIR OBJECTIONS AND ARGUMENTS ARE ANSWERED, AND THE DOCTRINE OF COMMUNION STILL ASSERTED AND VINDICATED. HERE IS ALSO MR. HENRY JESSE'S JUDGMENT IN THE CASE, FULLY DECLARING THE DOCTRINE I HAVE ASSERTED. BY JOHN BUNYAN. 'Should not the multitude of words be answered?
John Bunyan—The Works of John Bunyan Volumes 1-3

Kings
The book[1] of Kings is strikingly unlike any modern historical narrative. Its comparative brevity, its curious perspective, and-with some brilliant exceptions--its relative monotony, are obvious to the most cursory perusal, and to understand these things is, in large measure, to understand the book. It covers a period of no less than four centuries. Beginning with the death of David and the accession of Solomon (1 Kings i., ii.) it traverses his reign with considerable fulness (1 Kings iii.-xi.),
John Edgar McFadyen—Introduction to the Old Testament

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