2 Kings 12:17

At that time Hazael king of Aram marched up and fought against Gath and captured it. Then he decided to attack Jerusalem.

Study Bible

At that time
This phrase situates the events within a specific historical context. The time referred to is during the reign of Jehoash (Joash) of Judah, a period marked by political instability and external threats. This era is characterized by the ongoing conflict between Israel and Aram (Syria), as well as internal challenges within the kingdom of Judah.

Hazael king of Aram
Hazael was a significant figure in the history of the Near East, known for his aggressive military campaigns. He became king of Aram (modern-day Syria) after assassinating Ben-Hadad II, as recorded in 2 Kings 8:15. Hazael's reign is noted for its expansionist policies, which brought him into conflict with both Israel and Judah. His actions fulfilled the prophecy given to Elijah in 1 Kings 19:15-17, where Hazael was anointed as a tool of judgment against Israel.

marched up and fought against Gath
Gath was one of the five major Philistine cities, located in the coastal region of Canaan. Its capture by Hazael indicates the extent of Aram's military reach and the weakening of Philistine power. The city's strategic location made it a valuable target for any regional power seeking to control trade routes and exert influence over the southern Levant.

and captured it
The capture of Gath demonstrates Hazael's military prowess and the vulnerability of the surrounding regions. This event underscores the shifting power dynamics in the region, as Aram's influence expanded at the expense of both Philistine and Israelite territories. The fall of Gath would have had significant implications for the security of Judah and its neighbors.

Then he decided to attack Jerusalem
Hazael's decision to attack Jerusalem highlights the threat posed to the kingdom of Judah. Jerusalem, as the capital city, was the political and religious center of Judah, making it a prime target for any invading force. This decision reflects the broader geopolitical ambitions of Hazael and the precarious position of Judah during this period. The attack on Jerusalem is a pivotal moment, as it tests the leadership of Jehoash and the resilience of the city. This event also foreshadows future sieges and captures of Jerusalem, pointing to the city's central role in biblical history and prophecy.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Hazael
King of Aram (Syria), known for his military campaigns against Israel and Judah. His actions are often seen as instruments of God's judgment against the Israelites for their disobedience.

2. Gath
A Philistine city, one of the five major Philistine cities, known for its strategic importance. Its capture by Hazael signifies a shift in power and threat to the surrounding regions, including Judah.

3. Jerusalem
The capital city of Judah, central to Jewish worship and governance. Hazael's threat to Jerusalem underscores the vulnerability of Judah during this period.

4. Jehoash (Joash)
King of Judah during this time, known for his initial faithfulness to God under the guidance of Jehoiada the priest, but later faltering in his commitment.

5. Aram (Syria)
A neighboring kingdom often in conflict with Israel and Judah. Its interactions with Israel and Judah are significant in the account of the Old Testament.

Teaching Points

God's Sovereignty in Judgment
Hazael's campaign against Judah serves as a reminder of God's control over nations and His use of them to accomplish His purposes, including judgment for disobedience.

The Importance of Faithfulness
The threat to Jerusalem highlights the consequences of turning away from God. It serves as a call to remain faithful and obedient to God's commands.

The Role of Leadership
Jehoash's reign illustrates the impact of leadership on a nation's spiritual health. Leaders are called to guide their people in righteousness and reliance on God.

Trust in God's Protection
Despite external threats, believers are encouraged to trust in God's protection and provision, knowing that He is ultimately in control.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does the capture of Gath by Hazael reflect the broader geopolitical dynamics of the time, and what can we learn about God's sovereignty over nations?

2. In what ways does the threat to Jerusalem serve as a warning to us about the consequences of turning away from God?

3. How does Jehoash's leadership impact Judah's spiritual state, and what lessons can we draw about the importance of godly leadership today?

4. How can we apply the principle of trusting in God's protection in our own lives when facing external threats or challenges?

5. What connections can we draw between the events in 2 Kings 12:17 and other instances in Scripture where God uses foreign nations to accomplish His purposes? How does this shape our understanding of God's sovereignty?

Connections to Other Scriptures

2 Kings 8:12-15
Provides background on Hazael's rise to power and his role as an adversary to Israel, fulfilling Elisha's prophecy about the harm he would bring.

2 Chronicles 24:23-24
Offers a parallel account of Hazael's campaign against Judah, highlighting the consequences of Judah's unfaithfulness to God.

Isaiah 7:1-9
Discusses the threat of Aram and Israel against Judah, emphasizing God's sovereignty and the importance of faith in Him.