2 Kings 12:18
So King Joash of Judah took all the sacred objects dedicated by his fathers--Jehoshaphat, Jehoram, and Ahaziah, the kings of Judah--along with his own consecrated items and all the gold found in the treasuries of the house of the LORD and the royal palace, and he sent them to Hazael king of Aram. So Hazael withdrew from Jerusalem.
So King Joash of Judah took all the sacred objects dedicated by his fathers—Jehoshaphat, Jehoram, and Ahaziah, the kings of Judah—

These gifts had been set apart for the worship of the LORD and represented the accumulated devotion and wealth of Judah’s royal house.

1Ki 15:15 And he brought into the house of the LORD…
1Ki 7:51 So all the work that King Solomon had performed……

along with his own consecrated items

Joash added the offerings made during his own reign, including resources associated with his earlier efforts to repair and support the temple.

2Ch 15:18 And he brought into the house of God the silver and gold…
1Ch 29:3 Moreover, because of my delight in the house of my God…

and all the gold found in the treasuries of the house of the LORD and the royal palace,

With Hazael’s army threatening Jerusalem, Joash emptied both temple and palace treasuries. The payment revealed Judah’s weakened position and came at the cost of property devoted to God’s service.

2Ch 16:2 So Asa withdrew the silver and gold from the treasuries…
2Ki 18:15 Hezekiah gave him all the silver that was found…

and he sent them to Hazael king of Aram.

Hazael, the powerful king of Aram, accepted the tribute rather than pressing his campaign against Jerusalem.

1Ki 15:18-19 So Asa withdrew all the silver and gold that remained…
2Ki 16:8 Ahaz also took the silver and gold found in the house…

So Hazael withdrew from Jerusalem.

Jerusalem was spared immediate attack, but the city’s preservation required the loss of treasures from both the temple and the kingdom.

2Ki 15:20 Menahem exacted this money from each of the wealthy men…
2Ki 19:36 So Sennacherib king of Assyria broke camp and withdrew.…

Persons / Places / Events
1. Joash (King of Judah)
The king of Judah who reigned during a time of both religious reform and political challenge. He is noted for repairing the temple but also for making compromises with foreign powers.

2. Jehoshaphat, Jehoram, and Ahaziah
Former kings of Judah and ancestors of Joash, who had dedicated sacred objects to the temple.

3. Hazael (King of Aram)
The king of Aram (Syria) who threatened Jerusalem, prompting Joash to send him treasures to avert an attack.

4. The House of the LORD (Temple in Jerusalem)
The central place of worship for the Israelites, which Joash initially sought to repair and maintain.

5. Jerusalem
The capital city of Judah, which was under threat from Hazael's forces.
Teaching Points
Compromise and Consequences
Joash's decision to send sacred objects to Hazael reflects a compromise that had immediate benefits but long-term spiritual costs. Believers should be cautious of compromising their faith for temporary security.

The Value of Sacred Things
The sacred objects dedicated by Joash's ancestors were meant for worship and honor to God. This teaches us to value and protect what is dedicated to God in our lives.

Leadership and Legacy
Joash's actions were influenced by his predecessors. This highlights the importance of leaving a godly legacy and the impact of past generations on current leadership.

Trust in God vs. Human Solutions
Joash's reliance on human solutions rather than seeking God's guidance serves as a reminder to trust in God's provision and protection.

The Danger of Materialism
The passage warns against placing too much value on material wealth, which can lead to spiritual compromise.
Bible Study Questions
1. What can we learn from Joash's decision to send sacred objects to Hazael about the dangers of compromising our faith for security?

2. How does the account of Joash in 2 Kings 12:18 compare to the actions of King Asa in 1 Kings 15:18, and what lessons can we draw from these parallels?

3. In what ways can we ensure that the sacred aspects of our lives remain dedicated to God, and how can we protect them from being compromised?

4. How does Jesus' teaching in Matthew 6:19-21 challenge us to view our material possessions and treasures in light of eternity?

5. Reflecting on Joash's leadership, how can we strive to leave a godly legacy for future generations, and what steps can we take to ensure our actions align with God's will?
Connections to Other Scriptures
2 Chronicles 24
Provides a parallel account of Joash's reign, including his initial faithfulness and later failures.

1 Kings 15:18
Similar situation where King Asa of Judah sent treasures to a foreign king to secure peace.

Matthew 6:19-21
Jesus' teaching on storing treasures in heaven rather than on earth, highlighting the temporary nature of earthly wealth.
The History of JoashD. Thomas 2 Kings 12:1-21
Dark Days for JudahJ. Orr 2 Kings 12:17-21
The Last Days of Joash. He Began Well, But Ended BadlyC.H. Irwin 2 Kings 12:17-21
People
Ahaziah, Amaziah, Aram, David, Hazael, Jehoash, Jehoiada, Jehoram, Jehoshaphat, Jehozabad, Jehu, Joash, Jozabad, Shimeath, Shomer, Zibiah
Places
Beersheba, Gath, Jerusalem, Silla, Syria
Topics
Ahaziah, Ahazi'ah, Aram, Dedicated, Fathers, Gifts, Gold, Hallowed, Hazael, Haz'ael, Holy, Jehoash, Jeho'ash, Jehoram, Jeho'ram, Jehoshaphat, Jehosh'aphat, Jerusalem, Judah, Kings, King's, Objects, Palace, Royal, Sacred, Sanctified, Store, Syria, Taketh, Temple, Treasures, Treasuries, Votive, Withdrew
Dictionary of Bible Themes
2 Kings 12:18

     4333   gold

2 Kings 12:1-18

     7245   Judah, kingdom of

2 Kings 12:17-18

     5325   gifts

Library
Methodical Liberality
'4. And Jehoash said to the priests, All the money of the dedicated things that is brought into the house of the Lord, even the money of every one that passeth the account, the money that every man is set at, and all the money that cometh into any man's heart to bring into the house of the Lord, 5. Let the priests take it to them, every man of his acquaintance; and let them repair the breaches of the house, wheresoever any breach shall be found. 6. But it was so, that in the three and twentieth year
Alexander Maclaren—Expositions of Holy Scripture

Whether the Debt of Punishment Remains after the Guilt Has Been Forgiven through Penance?
Objection 1: It would seem that no debt of punishment remains after the guilt has been forgiven through Penance. For when the cause is removed, the effect is removed. But the guilt is the cause of the debt of punishment: since a man deserves to be punished because he has been guilty of a sin. Therefore when the sin has been forgiven, no debt of punishment can remain. Objection 2: Further, according to the Apostle (Rom. 5) the gift of Christ is more effective than the sin of Adam. Now, by sinning,
Saint Thomas Aquinas—Summa Theologica

Whether the Debt of Punishment Remains after Sin?
Objection 1: It would seem that there remains no debt of punishment after sin. For if the cause be removed the effect is removed. But sin is the cause of the debt of punishment. Therefore, when the sin is removed, the debt of punishment ceases also. Objection 2: Further, sin is removed by man returning to virtue. Now a virtuous man deserves, not punishment, but reward. Therefore, when sin is removed, the debt of punishment no longer remains. Objection 3: Further, "Punishments are a kind of medicine"
Saint Thomas Aquinas—Summa Theologica

Glad Givers and Faithful Workers
'And it came to pass after this, that Joash was minded to repair the house of the Lord. 5. And he gathered together the priests and the Levites, and said to them, go out unto the cities of Judah, and gather of all Israel money to repair the house of your God from year to year, and see that ye hasten the matter. Howbeit the Levites hastened it not. 6. And the king called for Jehoiada the chief, and said unto him, Why hast thou not required of the Levites to bring in out of Judah and out of Jerusalem
Alexander Maclaren—Expositions of Holy Scripture

The Prophet Joel.
PRELIMINARY REMARKS. The position which has been assigned to Joel in the collection of the Minor Prophets, furnishes an external argument for the determination of the time at which Joel wrote. There cannot be any doubt that the Collectors were guided by a consideration of the chronology. The circumstance, that they placed the prophecies of Joel just between the two prophets who, according to the inscriptions and contents of their prophecies, belonged to the time of Jeroboam and Uzziah, is
Ernst Wilhelm Hengstenberg—Christology of the Old Testament

The Medes and the Second Chaldaean Empire
THE FALL OF NINEVEH AND THE RISE OF THE CHALDAEAN AND MEDIAN EMPIRES--THE XXVIth EGYPTIAN DYNASTY: CYAXARES, ALYATTES, AND NEBUCHADREZZAR. The legendary history of the kings of Media and the first contact of the Medes with the Assyrians: the alleged Iranian migrations of the Avesta--Media-proper, its fauna and flora; Phraortes and the beginning of the Median empire--Persia proper and the Persians; conquest of Persia by the Medes--The last monuments of Assur-bani-pal: the library of Kouyunjik--Phraortes
G. Maspero—History Of Egypt, Chaldaea, Syria, Babylonia, and Assyria, V 8

Kings
The book[1] of Kings is strikingly unlike any modern historical narrative. Its comparative brevity, its curious perspective, and-with some brilliant exceptions--its relative monotony, are obvious to the most cursory perusal, and to understand these things is, in large measure, to understand the book. It covers a period of no less than four centuries. Beginning with the death of David and the accession of Solomon (1 Kings i., ii.) it traverses his reign with considerable fulness (1 Kings iii.-xi.),
John Edgar McFadyen—Introduction to the Old Testament

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