2 Samuel 20:10

Amasa was not on guard against the dagger in Joab's hand, and Joab stabbed him in the stomach and spilled out his intestines on the ground. And Joab did not need to strike him again, for Amasa was dead. Then Joab and his brother Abishai pursued Sheba son of Bichri.

Study Bible

But Amasa did not see the dagger in Joab’s hand
The phrase highlights the element of surprise and betrayal. Amasa, who was appointed by King David as commander of the army, was unaware of Joab's intentions. The Hebrew root for "dagger" (חֶרֶב, chereb) often signifies a weapon of war or judgment. This act of treachery by Joab, who was previously the commander, underscores the political tension and personal vendettas that were prevalent in David's reign. Historically, this reflects the instability and the constant power struggles within the kingdom of Israel.

and Joab struck him in the stomach
The act of striking Amasa in the stomach is significant both physically and symbolically. The stomach, or "belly" (בֶּטֶן, beten), in Hebrew culture, can symbolize the seat of emotions and inner life. Joab's violent action is not just a physical attack but a profound betrayal of trust and kinship. This reflects the brutal reality of ancient Near Eastern politics, where power was often maintained through violence and treachery.

and spilled his intestines to the ground
This graphic description emphasizes the brutality of the act. The spilling of intestines (מֵעֶה, me'eh) signifies a complete and utter destruction, leaving no room for recovery. In a broader scriptural context, it serves as a stark reminder of the consequences of sin and the fragility of human life. The vivid imagery would have been a powerful reminder to the original audience of the seriousness of betrayal and the swift justice that often followed.

He did not need to strike him again, and Amasa died
The efficiency of Joab's strike indicates his skill as a warrior but also his ruthlessness. The phrase suggests a finality and inevitability to Amasa's death. In the broader narrative of 2 Samuel, this moment marks a turning point in the power dynamics of David's kingdom. It serves as a cautionary tale about the dangers of ambition and the moral complexities faced by those in power.

Then Joab and his brother Abishai pursued Sheba son of Bichri
The pursuit of Sheba, who had rebelled against King David, shows Joab's unwavering commitment to maintaining the king's authority, despite his personal ambitions. The mention of "his brother Abishai" highlights the familial alliances that were crucial in the political landscape of ancient Israel. This pursuit underscores the theme of loyalty to the king, a central tenet in the Davidic narrative, and reflects the ongoing struggle to unify the tribes of Israel under a single monarchy.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Amasa
Amasa was appointed by King David as the commander of the army in place of Joab. He was a cousin to Joab and Abishai, being the son of Abigail, David's sister.

2. Joab
Joab was the former commander of David's army, known for his military prowess and political cunning. He was a nephew of King David and brother to Abishai.

3. Abishai
Abishai was Joab's brother and a loyal supporter of King David. He often accompanied Joab in military campaigns.

4. Sheba son of Bichri
Sheba was a Benjamite who led a rebellion against King David, declaring that they had no part in David's kingdom.

5. The Event
The murder of Amasa by Joab was a pivotal moment in the pursuit of Sheba's rebellion. Joab's actions were both a personal power move and a strategic decision to quickly deal with the threat posed by Sheba.

Teaching Points

The Dangers of Ambition and Power
Joab's murder of Amasa illustrates the destructive nature of unchecked ambition and the lengths to which individuals may go to secure power. Believers are called to examine their own hearts for similar tendencies and to seek humility and service over self-promotion.

The Consequences of Violence
Joab's life is a testament to the biblical principle that violence begets violence. His actions led to a cycle of bloodshed and ultimately his own downfall. Christians are encouraged to pursue peace and reconciliation, following the example of Christ.

God's Sovereignty Amidst Human Actions
Despite Joab's treachery, God's purposes for Israel and David's kingdom continued. This reminds believers that God's plans are not thwarted by human sinfulness, and He can work through even the most difficult circumstances.

The Importance of Integrity and Trust
Amasa's failure to perceive Joab's intentions serves as a cautionary tale about the importance of discernment and the need to be wise in whom we trust. Christians are called to be wise as serpents and innocent as doves.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does Joab's murder of Amasa reflect the broader theme of ambition and power struggles in the Bible, and what lessons can we learn from this for our own lives?

2. In what ways does the account of Joab and Amasa illustrate the principle found in Matthew 26:52 about living by the sword?

3. How can we apply the lessons from Joab's life to ensure that our actions align with God's will, especially in positions of leadership or influence?

4. What does the murder of Amasa teach us about the importance of discernment and trust in our relationships, and how can we cultivate these qualities?

5. How does the account of Joab and Amasa encourage us to rely on God's sovereignty, even when human actions seem to disrupt His plans? How can this perspective bring peace in our own lives?

Connections to Other Scriptures

1 Kings 2:5-6
This passage recounts David's instructions to Solomon regarding Joab's past actions, including the murder of Amasa, highlighting the long-term consequences of Joab's violent decisions.

Matthew 26:52
Jesus' teaching on those who live by the sword, which can be seen as a broader principle applicable to Joab's life and actions.

Proverbs 6:16-19
This passage lists things the Lord hates, including shedding innocent blood, which can be related to Joab's actions against Amasa.