Exodus 7:13

Still, Pharaoh's heart was hardened, and he would not listen to them, just as the LORD had said.

Study Bible

Still, Pharaoh’s heart was hardened
Pharaoh's hardened heart is a central theme in the Exodus narrative. This phrase indicates a continuation of Pharaoh's resistance to God's commands. The hardening of Pharaoh's heart can be understood as both a divine act and a result of Pharaoh's own stubbornness. In the cultural context of ancient Egypt, Pharaoh was considered a god-king, and his refusal to submit to the God of Israel highlights the spiritual battle between the God of the Hebrews and the gods of Egypt. This hardening is also a fulfillment of God's earlier pronouncement to Moses in Exodus 4:21, where God foretold that He would harden Pharaoh's heart.

and he would not listen to them
Pharaoh's refusal to listen to Moses and Aaron is significant in the narrative, as it sets the stage for the subsequent plagues. This refusal is not merely a personal choice but a demonstration of the spiritual blindness and pride that often accompany a hardened heart. In the broader biblical context, this can be seen as a warning against ignoring God's word and messengers. The New Testament echoes this theme in passages like Hebrews 3:15, which warns against hardening one's heart when hearing God's voice.

just as the LORD had said
This phrase underscores the sovereignty and foreknowledge of God. It reassures the reader that the events unfolding are not outside of God's control but are happening according to His divine plan. This fulfillment of God's word is a recurring theme throughout Scripture, emphasizing that God's promises and warnings are trustworthy. It also serves as a reminder of God's faithfulness to His covenant people, as seen in His deliverance of Israel from Egypt. This theme of divine foreknowledge and fulfillment is echoed in the New Testament, particularly in the life and mission of Jesus Christ, who fulfills Old Testament prophecies.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Pharaoh
The ruler of Egypt, whose heart was hardened against the Israelites, refusing to let them go as God commanded.

2. Moses and Aaron
God's chosen leaders to confront Pharaoh and demand the release of the Israelites from slavery.

3. The LORD (Yahweh)
The God of Israel, who sent Moses and Aaron to deliver His people and demonstrate His power over Egypt.

4. Egypt
The land where the Israelites were enslaved, and where God performed signs and wonders to compel Pharaoh to release His people.

5. The Hardening of Pharaoh's Heart
A significant event where Pharaoh's resistance to God's command is emphasized, showcasing God's sovereignty and Pharaoh's stubbornness.

Teaching Points

Understanding God's Sovereignty
God's control over events, including the hardening of hearts, serves His greater purpose and plan.

The Danger of a Hardened Heart
A hardened heart resists God's will and leads to spiritual blindness and eventual judgment.

Obedience to God's Command
Moses and Aaron's obedience in confronting Pharaoh demonstrates faithfulness despite opposition.

The Role of Signs and Wonders
Miraculous signs serve to reveal God's power and authority, calling people to repentance and faith.

The Importance of Listening to God
Pharaoh's refusal to listen highlights the importance of heeding God's word to avoid spiritual peril.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does the hardening of Pharaoh's heart demonstrate God's sovereignty, and what implications does this have for our understanding of free will?

2. In what ways can we guard against having a hardened heart in our own spiritual lives?

3. How do Moses and Aaron's actions in confronting Pharaoh inspire us to be obedient to God's calling, even in difficult circumstances?

4. What role do signs and wonders play in our faith journey today, and how should we respond to them?

5. How can we ensure that we are truly listening to God's voice in our daily lives, and what practices can help us remain receptive to His guidance?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Exodus 4:21
God foretells Moses that He will harden Pharaoh's heart, indicating divine sovereignty over human decisions.

Romans 9:17-18
Paul references Pharaoh to illustrate God's sovereign choice and purpose in hardening hearts for His glory.

1 Samuel 6:6
The Philistines recall the hardening of Pharaoh's heart as a warning against resisting God's will.

Hebrews 3:15
A call to not harden our hearts, using the example of Israel's rebellion, which parallels Pharaoh's obstinacy.