Meanwhile, Joseph had been taken down to Egypt
Joseph's journey to Egypt marks a significant turning point in his life and in the narrative of Genesis. This phrase indicates a transition from his life in Canaan to a new chapter in Egypt. The term "down" reflects the geographical descent from the highlands of Canaan to the lower elevation of Egypt. This movement also symbolizes a descent into trials and tribulations, which God uses to fulfill His greater plan. Joseph's journey to Egypt foreshadows the later descent of the Israelites into Egypt, leading to their eventual enslavement and the Exodus.

where an Egyptian named Potiphar
Potiphar is introduced as a key figure in Joseph's life in Egypt. His name, likely of Egyptian origin, suggests a person of significant status and influence. Potiphar's role in the narrative sets the stage for Joseph's rise and fall within his household, which ultimately leads to Joseph's imprisonment and subsequent rise to power. Potiphar's position in Egyptian society provides insight into the hierarchical and bureaucratic nature of ancient Egypt.

an officer of Pharaoh and captain of the guard
Potiphar's titles indicate his high-ranking position in Pharaoh's court. As an officer and captain of the guard, Potiphar would have been responsible for the security of the Pharaoh and possibly involved in military or police functions. This highlights the level of trust and authority he held, making his household a place of significant influence. Joseph's placement in Potiphar's house is a strategic move in God's plan, positioning him close to the centers of power in Egypt.

bought him from the Ishmaelites
The mention of the Ishmaelites connects Joseph's story to the broader narrative of Abraham's descendants. The Ishmaelites, descendants of Ishmael, Abraham's son by Hagar, were known as traders and caravan leaders. This transaction underscores the practice of slavery in the ancient Near East and the economic activities that connected different regions. Joseph's sale into slavery is a pivotal moment that sets the stage for his eventual rise to power in Egypt.

who had taken him there
The Ishmaelites' role in transporting Joseph to Egypt highlights the movement and trade routes of the ancient world. This phrase emphasizes the providential nature of Joseph's journey, as God uses the actions of others to bring about His purposes. Joseph's arrival in Egypt is not merely a result of human actions but part of a divine plan that will lead to the preservation of his family and the fulfillment of God's promises to Abraham.

And the LORD was with Joseph
This phrase emphasizes the divine presence and favor upon Joseph, a recurring theme in his life. The LORD's presence signifies not only protection but also guidance and blessing. This echoes the covenantal promise God made to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, ensuring His faithfulness to their descendants. The presence of God with Joseph is a precursor to the New Testament promise of God being with believers through the Holy Spirit (Matthew 28:20).

and he became a successful man
Joseph's success is attributed directly to the LORD's presence, highlighting the biblical principle that true prosperity comes from God. Despite being in a foreign land and initially a slave, Joseph's rise to success demonstrates God's ability to bless His people in any circumstance. This success is not merely material but also includes wisdom and favor, reminiscent of Solomon's request for wisdom and subsequent prosperity (1 Kings 3:10-14).

serving in the household of his Egyptian master
Joseph's role as a servant in Potiphar's house places him in a position of humility and obedience, yet it is here that his leadership and administrative skills are honed. This setting in Egypt, a powerful and advanced civilization, provides a backdrop for Joseph's eventual rise to power. The cultural context of servitude in Egypt contrasts with Joseph's later authority, illustrating a theme of reversal and redemption. Joseph's service foreshadows Christ's own servanthood, as He came not to be served but to serve (Mark 10:45).

When his master saw
This phrase indicates the observation and recognition by Joseph's master, Potiphar, an Egyptian officer of Pharaoh. In the ancient Near Eastern context, a servant's success would reflect on the master, making Potiphar's awareness significant. It suggests a close relationship where Potiphar was attentive to Joseph's work and character.

that the LORD was with him
The presence of the LORD with Joseph is a recurring theme in his life, signifying divine favor and blessing. This phrase highlights the covenant relationship between God and His people, as seen throughout the Old Testament. It echoes God's promise to be with His chosen ones, similar to His presence with Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. This divine presence is a type of Christ, who is called "Immanuel," meaning "God with us" (Matthew 1:23).

and made him prosper
Joseph's prosperity is attributed directly to the LORD's intervention, not merely his own abilities. This reflects the biblical principle that true success comes from God. It also foreshadows the prosperity of Israel in Egypt, as God fulfills His promises to Abraham about his descendants. The prosperity here is both material and spiritual, indicating God's comprehensive blessing.

in all he did
This phrase underscores the totality of God's blessing on Joseph's endeavors. It suggests that Joseph's faithfulness and integrity in his work were met with divine favor, aligning with the biblical principle that God rewards those who diligently seek Him (Hebrews 11:6). This comprehensive success prefigures the ultimate success of Jesus Christ, who perfectly accomplished the Father's will in all He did.

Joseph found favor in his sight
Joseph's favor in Potiphar's sight reflects God's providential care and blessing upon him, despite his circumstances as a slave in Egypt. This favor is reminiscent of the favor Noah found in God's eyes (Genesis 6:8) and foreshadows the favor Daniel would later find in Babylon (Daniel 1:9). It highlights the biblical theme that God's presence can bring favor and success even in adverse situations.

and became his personal attendant.
Joseph's role as a personal attendant signifies a position of trust and responsibility. In the ancient Near Eastern context, a personal attendant would have been closely involved in the daily affairs of their master, indicating Joseph's integrity and capability. This role is a precursor to his later responsibilities in Egypt, showing a pattern of increasing responsibility and trust, similar to how David served Saul before becoming king (1 Samuel 16:21).

Potiphar put him in charge of his household
Being put in charge of Potiphar's household signifies a significant elevation in status for Joseph. In Egyptian society, the household was a central unit of economic and social life, and managing it required skill and trustworthiness. This mirrors the later responsibility Joseph would have over all of Egypt under Pharaoh (Genesis 41:40-41), illustrating a divine preparation for his future leadership.

and entrusted him with everything he owned.
The complete trust Potiphar placed in Joseph is indicative of Joseph's exceptional character and God's blessing upon him. This total entrustment is a type of Christ, who is entrusted with all authority in heaven and on earth (Matthew 28:18). It also reflects the biblical principle that those who are faithful with little will be entrusted with much (Luke 16:10).

From the time that he put Joseph in charge of his household and all he owned
This phrase highlights Joseph's rise to a position of authority within Potiphar's household. Joseph's journey from being sold into slavery by his brothers to becoming a trusted overseer reflects God's providential care and the fulfillment of His purposes. This mirrors the biblical theme of God elevating the humble, as seen in the lives of other biblical figures like David and Daniel. The trust placed in Joseph by Potiphar, an Egyptian official, underscores Joseph's integrity and the favor he found in the eyes of others, a recurring theme in his life.

the LORD blessed the Egyptian’s household on account of him
The blessing of Potiphar's household due to Joseph's presence is a testament to the Abrahamic covenant, where God promised to bless those who bless Abraham's descendants (Genesis 12:3). This reflects the broader biblical principle that God's people can be a source of blessing to others. It also foreshadows the role of Israel as a light to the nations. The mention of "the LORD" (Yahweh) indicates the covenantal relationship and divine favor that extends beyond Joseph to those around him.

The LORD’s blessing was on everything he owned, both in his house and in his field
This comprehensive blessing signifies God's abundant provision and favor, affecting all aspects of Potiphar's estate. The distinction between "house" and "field" suggests a holistic prosperity, covering both domestic and agricultural domains. This echoes the blessings described in Deuteronomy 28 for obedience to God. The phrase also prefigures the New Testament teaching that believers are to be salt and light in the world, influencing all areas of life. The prosperity of Potiphar's household serves as a type of the spiritual and material blessings that come through Christ, who is the ultimate fulfillment of God's promises.

So Potiphar left all that he owned in Joseph’s care;
This phrase highlights Joseph's rise to a position of trust and authority in Potiphar's household. Potiphar, an Egyptian officer and captain of the guard, recognized Joseph's abilities and integrity, which led him to entrust his entire estate to Joseph. This reflects a common practice in ancient households where trusted slaves or servants were given significant responsibilities. Joseph's management skills and faithfulness are reminiscent of the biblical principle found in Luke 16:10, where faithfulness in small things leads to greater responsibilities.

he did not concern himself with anything except the food he ate.
This indicates the complete trust Potiphar had in Joseph, to the extent that he only focused on his personal matters, such as his meals. In the cultural context of ancient Egypt, food was a significant aspect of daily life, often associated with religious and social customs. Potiphar's lack of concern for anything else suggests Joseph's exceptional stewardship and the peace of mind it brought to Potiphar. This trust is a precursor to the later events in Joseph's life, where his integrity is tested but ultimately leads to his elevation in Egypt.

Now Joseph was well-built and handsome,
Joseph's physical appearance is noted here, which is significant in the narrative as it sets the stage for the subsequent temptation by Potiphar's wife. The description of Joseph as "well-built and handsome" parallels the description of other biblical figures like David (1 Samuel 16:12) and Daniel (Daniel 1:4), who were also noted for their appearance and wisdom. This detail foreshadows the trials Joseph will face due to his attractiveness, highlighting the theme of external beauty leading to internal challenges. It also serves as a type of Christ, who, despite being without sin, faced temptation and trials.

and after some time
This phrase indicates a passage of time since Joseph's arrival in Egypt and his rise to a position of trust in Potiphar's household. It suggests a period during which Joseph proved his reliability and integrity. The passage of time is often significant in biblical narratives, marking periods of testing or preparation, as seen in the lives of other biblical figures like Moses and David.

his master’s wife
Potiphar's wife is unnamed, which is common in biblical narratives where the focus is on the actions and character of the main figures. Her role in the story highlights the theme of temptation and moral testing. In ancient Egyptian society, women of high status, like Potiphar's wife, had significant influence within the household, though they were still subject to the authority of their husbands.

cast her eyes upon Joseph
This phrase indicates a deliberate and possibly prolonged attention, suggesting desire and intent. In biblical literature, the eyes are often symbolic of desire or covetousness, as seen in Genesis 3:6 with Eve and the forbidden fruit. Joseph's physical appearance is noted earlier in the chapter, emphasizing his attractiveness and the potential for temptation.

and said, “Sleep with me.”
The directness of the proposition underscores the boldness and impropriety of Potiphar's wife's actions. In the cultural context of the time, such a proposition would have been scandalous and a serious breach of social and marital norms. Joseph's refusal, which follows in the narrative, highlights his commitment to righteousness and loyalty to his master, prefiguring the moral integrity of Christ, who resisted temptation in the wilderness (Matthew 4:1-11).

But he refused.
Joseph's refusal to succumb to temptation is a testament to his integrity and faithfulness to God. This act of resistance is significant in the biblical narrative, highlighting the importance of moral fortitude. Joseph's decision can be seen as a precursor to the teachings of Jesus, who also resisted temptation in the wilderness (Matthew 4:1-11). His refusal is a model for believers to stand firm against sin.

“Look,” he said to his master’s wife,
Joseph addresses Potiphar's wife directly, showing respect and clarity in his communication. This interaction takes place in Egypt, where Joseph, a Hebrew, serves in a foreign land. The cultural context is important, as Egyptian society had different norms and values, yet Joseph adheres to his own moral and spiritual convictions.

“with me here, my master does not concern himself with anything in his house,
Joseph acknowledges the trust and responsibility given to him by Potiphar. This trust is significant, as it reflects Joseph's reliability and the favor he found in Potiphar's eyes (Genesis 39:4). The phrase underscores the theme of stewardship, which is echoed in the New Testament parables about faithful servants (Matthew 25:14-30).

and he has entrusted everything he owns to my care.
Joseph's role as overseer of Potiphar's household is a position of great authority and responsibility. This trust is a foreshadowing of Joseph's later rise to power in Egypt (Genesis 41:41-44). The concept of stewardship is central to biblical teaching, emphasizing accountability and faithfulness in managing what is entrusted to us by God.

No one in this house is greater than I am.
Joseph, a Hebrew slave, had risen to a position of significant authority in Potiphar's household. This statement reflects the trust and responsibility given to him, highlighting his integrity and capability. In the ancient Near Eastern context, a slave achieving such status was unusual, indicating God's favor and Joseph's exceptional character. This mirrors the biblical theme of God exalting the humble, as seen in the lives of other biblical figures like Daniel.

He has withheld nothing from me except you,
Joseph acknowledges the complete trust Potiphar has placed in him, except for Potiphar's wife. This reflects the cultural norms of the time, where a wife was considered the exclusive possession of her husband. The phrase underscores the boundaries of trust and the sanctity of marriage, which is a recurring theme in Scripture, emphasizing fidelity and respect for marital bonds.

because you are his wife.
This phrase highlights the covenantal nature of marriage, which is a sacred institution established by God. Joseph's recognition of Potiphar's wife as off-limits underscores the biblical principle of honoring marriage vows. This respect for marriage is echoed in the Ten Commandments, specifically the commandment against adultery, and is further reinforced by Jesus in the New Testament.

So how could I do such a great evil
Joseph's moral reasoning is evident here, as he identifies the act of adultery as a "great evil." This reflects the biblical understanding of sin as an offense against God's moral order. The gravity of the sin is emphasized, showing Joseph's awareness of the ethical implications of his actions. This aligns with the wisdom literature, such as Proverbs, which warns against the destructive nature of adultery.

and sin against God?”
Joseph's ultimate concern is not just the betrayal of Potiphar's trust but the sin against God. This demonstrates his deep relationship with God and understanding that all sin is ultimately against the Creator. This perspective is consistent with King David's confession in Psalm 51, where he acknowledges his sin against God. Joseph's stance foreshadows the New Testament teaching that believers are to live in a way that honors God, reflecting the life and teachings of Jesus Christ, who perfectly fulfilled God's law.

Although Potiphar’s wife spoke to Joseph day after day
This phrase highlights the persistent temptation Joseph faced. In the cultural context of ancient Egypt, a servant's refusal to obey a master's wife would be seen as insubordination, yet Joseph remains steadfast. This persistence of temptation is reminiscent of the devil's continuous attempts to lead believers astray, as seen in the New Testament with Jesus' temptation in the wilderness (Matthew 4:1-11). The daily nature of the temptation underscores the need for constant vigilance and reliance on God's strength to resist sin.

he refused to go to bed with her
Joseph's refusal is a testament to his integrity and faithfulness to God. In a society where sexual immorality was prevalent, Joseph's commitment to purity sets him apart. His actions align with the biblical principle of fleeing from sexual immorality (1 Corinthians 6:18). Joseph's decision also reflects his understanding of sin as an offense against God, as he later articulates in Genesis 39:9. This refusal can be seen as a type of Christ, who remained sinless despite facing temptation.

or even be near her
Joseph's decision to avoid even being near Potiphar's wife demonstrates his proactive approach to avoiding sin. This mirrors the biblical advice to avoid the appearance of evil (1 Thessalonians 5:22) and to make no provision for the flesh (Romans 13:14). By distancing himself, Joseph exemplifies the wisdom of setting boundaries to maintain righteousness. This action foreshadows the teaching of Jesus, who advises radical measures to avoid sin (Matthew 5:29-30).

One day, however,
This phrase sets the scene for a specific event in Joseph's life, indicating a turning point. The use of "however" suggests a contrast to previous events, highlighting the unexpected nature of what is about to occur. Joseph's life is marked by divine providence, and this moment is pivotal in God's plan for him.

Joseph went into the house
Joseph, a Hebrew slave in Egypt, had been entrusted with significant responsibilities in Potiphar's household. His entry into the house signifies his diligence and commitment to his duties. This setting is crucial as it becomes the backdrop for a significant moral test. The house, a place of both opportunity and temptation, reflects the dual nature of Joseph's circumstances.

to attend to his work,
Joseph's work ethic is emphasized here, showcasing his integrity and dedication. Despite being a slave, he serves faithfully, which is a testament to his character. This diligence is a recurring theme in Joseph's life, aligning with Proverbs 22:29, which speaks of skilled work leading to positions of honor.

and not a single household servant was inside.
The absence of other servants sets the stage for the ensuing temptation. This detail highlights the isolation Joseph faces, making him vulnerable to Potiphar's wife's advances. The lack of witnesses underscores the gravity of the situation, as Joseph's integrity is tested in private. This moment foreshadows the trials of Jesus, who also faced temptation alone in the wilderness (Matthew 4:1-11).

She grabbed Joseph by his cloak
This phrase highlights the aggressive nature of Potiphar's wife's advances towards Joseph. In the ancient Near Eastern context, garments often symbolized authority and identity. Joseph's cloak, a significant piece of clothing, represents his position and trust within Potiphar's household. The act of grabbing the cloak signifies an attempt to seize control and assert dominance over Joseph. This incident echoes the earlier event in Genesis 37:23, where Joseph's brothers stripped him of his robe, symbolizing betrayal and loss of status.

and said, “Sleep with me!”
The directness of Potiphar's wife's demand reflects the moral and ethical challenges Joseph faced in a foreign land. In Egyptian society, sexual immorality was not uncommon, and Joseph's refusal to comply with her request demonstrates his commitment to God's standards and his loyalty to Potiphar. This temptation parallels the broader biblical theme of resisting sin, as seen in Proverbs 7, which warns against the seduction of an adulterous woman. Joseph's response serves as a model of integrity and faithfulness.

But leaving his cloak in her hand
Joseph's decision to leave his cloak behind underscores his determination to flee from sin, even at the cost of his personal belongings and reputation. This act of leaving the cloak can be seen as a metaphor for shedding anything that hinders one's spiritual walk. Hebrews 12:1 encourages believers to "lay aside every weight" that entangles them. Joseph's choice to prioritize righteousness over material possessions foreshadows the teachings of Jesus, who emphasized the importance of seeking God's kingdom above all else (Matthew 6:33).

he escaped and ran outside
Joseph's escape is a physical manifestation of the biblical principle to flee from temptation, as advised in 1 Corinthians 6:18. His immediate action highlights the urgency and seriousness with which one should respond to sin. This moment of flight is reminiscent of the deliverance themes throughout Scripture, where God provides a way of escape for His people, such as the Israelites' exodus from Egypt. Joseph's actions prefigure the ultimate deliverance through Christ, who empowers believers to overcome sin and temptation.

When she saw that he had left his cloak in her hand
This phrase highlights the moment Potiphar's wife realizes she has physical evidence to accuse Joseph. The cloak, a garment often symbolizing identity and status, becomes a pivotal piece of evidence in the false accusation against Joseph. In biblical narratives, garments often play significant roles, such as Jacob's deception of Isaac with Esau's clothing (Genesis 27) and the tearing of Saul's robe by David (1 Samuel 24:4-5). The cloak here symbolizes Joseph's integrity and the falsehood of the accusation. This incident foreshadows the betrayal of Jesus, who was also falsely accused and whose garments were divided among soldiers (John 19:23-24).

and had run out of the house
Joseph's flight from the house is a testament to his commitment to righteousness and his desire to avoid sin, aligning with the biblical principle of fleeing from temptation (1 Corinthians 6:18, 2 Timothy 2:22). The act of running away signifies his rejection of sin, contrasting with Adam and Eve's succumbing to temptation in Genesis 3. Joseph's actions prefigure Christ's sinless life and His resistance to temptation (Matthew 4:1-11). The house, likely a part of Potiphar's estate in Egypt, represents a place of both opportunity and danger for Joseph, reflecting the broader theme of God's providence and protection in foreign lands.

she called her household servants
In ancient Egyptian households, servants played a crucial role in maintaining the daily operations. Potiphar's wife calling the servants indicates her attempt to gather witnesses to support her false accusation against Joseph. This reflects the hierarchical structure of ancient societies where servants were often privy to the private affairs of their masters. The presence of servants also highlights the social dynamics and power imbalances within the household.

“Look,” she said
The use of "Look" serves as an attention-grabbing device, emphasizing the urgency and seriousness of her claim. It suggests an attempt to manipulate the perception of the servants by framing the situation dramatically. This aligns with the narrative technique of using direct speech to convey immediacy and emotional intensity.

“this Hebrew has been brought to us
Referring to Joseph as "this Hebrew" underscores his outsider status in Egyptian society. The term "Hebrew" is often used in the Old Testament to denote a foreigner or someone from the lineage of Eber, an ancestor of Abraham. This highlights the ethnic and cultural tensions present in the narrative, as Joseph's identity is used against him. It also foreshadows the broader theme of Israel's eventual enslavement in Egypt.

to make sport of us
The phrase "to make sport of us" implies mockery or humiliation. Potiphar's wife accuses Joseph of intending to demean or ridicule the household, which is a serious charge in a culture that valued honor and reputation. This accusation is a strategic move to portray Joseph as a threat to the social order and to justify her actions against him.

He came to me so he could sleep with me
This false accusation of attempted rape is a pivotal moment in the narrative. It reflects the recurring biblical theme of sexual temptation and integrity, as seen in other stories such as David and Bathsheba. Joseph's resistance to Potiphar's wife is a testament to his moral character and fear of God, contrasting with the deceit and manipulation of Potiphar's wife.

but I screamed as loud as I could
The claim of screaming is intended to provide evidence of resistance and to paint Joseph as the aggressor. In ancient legal contexts, a woman's scream could be used as a defense to prove non-consent. This detail is crucial for Potiphar's wife to establish her innocence and to shift the blame onto Joseph. It also serves to heighten the drama and tension in the narrative, setting the stage for Joseph's unjust imprisonment.

When he heard me scream for help
This phrase is part of Potiphar's wife's false accusation against Joseph. In the cultural context of ancient Egypt, a woman's scream would have been a serious call for help, potentially alerting household servants or guards. The accusation is designed to portray Joseph as an aggressor, which contrasts sharply with his character as depicted throughout Genesis. This moment is pivotal in Joseph's life, leading to his imprisonment. The theme of false accusation is echoed in other biblical narratives, such as the trials of Jesus, who was also falsely accused (Matthew 26:59-61).

he left his cloak beside me
Joseph's cloak becomes a piece of evidence in the accusation, similar to how his multicolored coat was used by his brothers to deceive their father Jacob (Genesis 37:31-33). Clothing in biblical narratives often symbolizes identity and status. Joseph's leaving of the cloak signifies his integrity and desire to flee from sin, aligning with the biblical principle of fleeing from temptation (1 Corinthians 6:18). This act prefigures the righteousness of Christ, who was also stripped of his garments during His crucifixion (John 19:23-24).

and ran out of the house
Joseph's decision to run reflects his commitment to purity and his refusal to sin against God, as he stated earlier in Genesis 39:9. This action is consistent with the biblical exhortation to flee from sin and temptation. The house, likely a part of Potiphar's estate, represents a place of both opportunity and danger for Joseph. His flight is a physical manifestation of his spiritual resolve, paralleling the New Testament teaching to resist the devil and he will flee from you (James 4:7). This moment foreshadows the ultimate victory over sin through Christ, who resisted temptation in the wilderness (Matthew 4:1-11).

So Potiphar’s wife kept Joseph’s cloak beside her
Potiphar's wife holding onto Joseph's cloak is significant in the narrative of Joseph's trials. The cloak, a piece of evidence she uses to falsely accuse Joseph, symbolizes the deceit and manipulation she employs. This act of keeping the cloak is reminiscent of the earlier incident where Joseph's brothers used his coat to deceive their father, Jacob, into believing Joseph was dead. The cloak represents Joseph's vulnerability and the recurring theme of garments in his life, which often signify changes in his status and circumstances.

until his master came home.
The phrase indicates a waiting period, suggesting premeditation and the seriousness of the accusation she plans to make. Potiphar, as an Egyptian official, would have had significant responsibilities, and his return home marks a pivotal moment in the narrative. The cultural context of ancient Egypt, where household servants were expected to be loyal and trustworthy, heightens the gravity of the accusation against Joseph. This moment foreshadows the impending trial Joseph will face, drawing parallels to the trials of Jesus Christ, who was also falsely accused and suffered unjustly. The anticipation of Potiphar's return underscores the tension and impending conflict in the story.

Then she told him the same story:
This phrase indicates Potiphar's wife is repeating a fabricated account to her husband. The repetition suggests a calculated attempt to manipulate the situation. In biblical narratives, repetition often emphasizes deceit or the importance of the message. This mirrors the serpent's deception in Genesis 3, where falsehood is used to alter perception and reality.

The Hebrew slave you brought us:
Referring to Joseph as "the Hebrew slave" highlights his outsider status in Egyptian society. Hebrews were often seen as foreigners, and this designation underscores Joseph's vulnerability. The term "slave" is used pejoratively, diminishing Joseph's integrity and accomplishments. This reflects the broader biblical theme of God's people being strangers in foreign lands, as seen in Exodus 1:8-14, where the Israelites are oppressed in Egypt.

came to me:
This phrase suggests an unwanted advance, framing Joseph as the aggressor. In the cultural context of ancient Egypt, a slave's word held little weight against that of a master's wife. This accusation is a pivotal moment in Joseph's life, leading to his imprisonment. It parallels the false accusations faced by Jesus, who was also unjustly condemned despite his innocence (Matthew 26:59-61).

to make sport of me:
The phrase "make sport of me" implies mockery or attempted seduction. In the ancient Near East, honor and reputation were paramount, and such an accusation would have been scandalous. This reflects the recurring biblical theme of the righteous suffering unjustly, as seen in the trials of Job. Joseph's integrity in the face of false accusations prefigures Christ's own suffering and steadfastness under false charges.

but when I screamed for help
This phrase is part of the false accusation made by Potiphar's wife against Joseph. In the cultural context of ancient Egypt, a woman's scream would have been a call for immediate attention and assistance, indicating a serious breach of social norms. The act of screaming would have been seen as a defense mechanism, suggesting that she was the victim. This aligns with the biblical theme of false accusations, as seen in other scriptures like Psalm 35:11, where false witnesses rise against the innocent.

he left his cloak beside me
The cloak, or garment, is a recurring symbol in Joseph's life, representing his status and identity. Earlier, Joseph's multicolored coat was a symbol of his father's favor, and its removal by his brothers marked his descent into slavery (Genesis 37:23). Here, the cloak becomes evidence used against him, symbolizing the loss of his integrity in the eyes of others, despite his innocence. This parallels the stripping of Jesus' garments before His crucifixion (Matthew 27:28), where His dignity was publicly challenged.

and ran out of the house.”
Joseph's decision to flee is a demonstration of his commitment to righteousness and his refusal to sin against God, as he stated in Genesis 39:9. This act of fleeing from temptation is echoed in the New Testament, where believers are encouraged to flee from sexual immorality (1 Corinthians 6:18). Joseph's flight can be seen as a type of Christ, who also faced temptation but remained sinless (Hebrews 4:15). The house, as a setting, represents a place of both opportunity and danger, highlighting the need for vigilance and moral fortitude in all environments.

When his master heard the story his wife told him
In the context of Genesis 39, Joseph is serving in the house of Potiphar, an Egyptian officer. Potiphar's wife falsely accuses Joseph of attempting to assault her. This phrase highlights the power dynamics in ancient Egypt, where a servant's word held little weight against that of a master's wife. The cultural context shows the vulnerability of slaves and servants, who had limited rights and were often at the mercy of their owners' decisions. This situation foreshadows the trials and injustices that Joseph will face, yet it also sets the stage for God's providential plan in his life.

saying, “This is what your slave did to me,”
The accusation made by Potiphar's wife is a direct attack on Joseph's character and integrity. In the ancient Near Eastern context, such an accusation could lead to severe punishment or even death for a slave. This reflects the broader biblical theme of false accusations and the suffering of the righteous, as seen in the lives of other biblical figures like David and Daniel. Joseph's experience here can be seen as a type of Christ, who was also falsely accused and suffered unjustly, yet remained faithful to God's purpose.

he burned with anger.
Potiphar's reaction of anger is immediate and intense, reflecting the seriousness of the accusation. In the historical context, a master's honor and household reputation were of utmost importance, and any perceived threat to that could provoke a strong response. This anger, however, does not lead to Joseph's execution, which suggests that Potiphar may have had some doubts about his wife's story or recognized Joseph's integrity. This moment is pivotal in Joseph's life, as it leads to his imprisonment, which ultimately becomes a stepping stone in God's plan for him to rise to power in Egypt. This aligns with the biblical theme of God using trials and suffering to bring about His greater purposes, as seen in Romans 8:28.

So Joseph’s master took him
Joseph's master, Potiphar, was an officer of Pharaoh and captain of the guard. This indicates a high-ranking position in Egyptian society, suggesting that Potiphar had significant authority and influence. The decision to take Joseph reflects the gravity of the accusation against him, as Potiphar's wife had falsely accused Joseph of attempting to assault her. This action demonstrates the cultural and legal practices of ancient Egypt, where a servant's word held little weight against that of a master's household.

and had him thrown into the prison
The prison mentioned here is likely a part of the complex where Potiphar worked, possibly a military or royal prison. This was not a common jail but a place where political prisoners or those accused of serious crimes against the state were held. The act of throwing Joseph into prison without a trial highlights the lack of legal rights for slaves and foreigners in ancient Egypt. It also sets the stage for God's providential plan, as Joseph's imprisonment becomes a pivotal moment in his life and the history of Israel.

where the king’s prisoners were confined.
This detail indicates that the prison was specifically for those who had offended Pharaoh or were involved in matters of state. It suggests a higher level of security and importance, as these prisoners were directly connected to the king. This setting foreshadows Joseph's future interactions with Pharaoh's officials, the cupbearer and the baker, which will eventually lead to his rise to power. The mention of the king's prisoners also underscores the severity of the charges against Joseph, as he was placed among those who had committed significant offenses.

While Joseph was there in the prison,
Joseph's time in prison is a period of testing and preparation. Despite the injustice he faced, Joseph remained faithful to God, which is a recurring theme in his life. This period of suffering and waiting is reminiscent of other biblical figures who endured hardship before being elevated by God, such as David and Daniel. Joseph's experience in prison also serves as a type of Christ, who was unjustly accused and suffered before being exalted. The narrative emphasizes God's sovereignty and the idea that He can use even the most difficult circumstances for His purposes.

the LORD was with him
This phrase emphasizes God's continual presence with Joseph, even in dire circumstances. Throughout Joseph's life, God's presence is a recurring theme, seen earlier in Genesis 39:2 when Joseph was successful in Potiphar's house. This reflects the covenantal promise God made to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, ensuring His presence with their descendants. It also prefigures the New Testament promise of God's presence with believers, as seen in Matthew 28:20, where Jesus assures His followers, "I am with you always."

and extended kindness to him
The Hebrew word for "kindness" here is "chesed," often translated as loving-kindness or steadfast love. This term is frequently used in the Old Testament to describe God's covenantal love and mercy. In Joseph's context, it signifies God's active role in providing for and protecting him, even in prison. This kindness is a precursor to the grace extended through Jesus Christ, who embodies God's ultimate act of kindness and mercy.

granting him favor in the eyes of the prison warden
Joseph's favor with the prison warden mirrors his earlier favor with Potiphar, indicating a divine orchestration of events. This favor is reminiscent of Daniel's experience in Babylon, where God granted him favor with the authorities (Daniel 1:9). It highlights a biblical principle that God can influence the hearts of leaders and authorities, as seen in Proverbs 21:1, which states, "The king’s heart is a stream of water in the hand of the LORD; He turns it wherever He will." This favor also foreshadows the favor Jesus found with God and man, as mentioned in Luke 2:52.

And the warden put all the prisoners under Joseph’s care
Joseph's rise to a position of authority within the prison reflects a recurring theme in his life: God's favor and providence. Despite being unjustly imprisoned, Joseph's integrity and leadership qualities are recognized by the warden. This mirrors his earlier experience in Potiphar's house, where he was also entrusted with significant responsibility. The warden's decision to place all prisoners under Joseph's care indicates a high level of trust and suggests that Joseph's character and abilities were evident to those around him. This situation foreshadows Joseph's future role in Egypt, where he will again be placed in a position of great authority.

so that he was responsible for all that was done in the prison
Joseph's responsibility for all activities within the prison highlights his administrative skills and reliability. This phrase underscores the complete trust the warden had in Joseph, allowing him to manage the daily operations and welfare of the prisoners. It also reflects a broader biblical principle of stewardship, where those who are faithful in small things are often entrusted with greater responsibilities (Luke 16:10). Joseph's management of the prison can be seen as a type of Christ, who also took on the burdens of others and served with humility and faithfulness. This passage illustrates how God can use adverse circumstances to prepare His people for future service and leadership.

The warden did not concern himself with anything under Joseph’s care
This phrase highlights Joseph's exceptional trustworthiness and competence. In the context of ancient Egyptian prisons, a warden would typically oversee all activities and ensure order. However, Joseph's integrity and God's favor allowed him to gain the warden's complete trust. This mirrors Joseph's earlier experience in Potiphar's house, where he was also entrusted with significant responsibility. The trust placed in Joseph foreshadows his future role as a leader in Egypt, demonstrating how God prepares His chosen servants for greater tasks.

because the LORD was with Joseph
This phrase emphasizes the divine presence and favor that Joseph experienced throughout his life. The recurring theme of God's presence with Joseph is a testament to the covenant relationship between God and His people. It reflects the broader biblical narrative where God's presence signifies blessing, guidance, and protection. This divine companionship is a precursor to the New Testament promise of God's presence with believers through the Holy Spirit. Joseph's life serves as a type of Christ, who also experienced God's presence and favor in His earthly ministry.

and gave him success in whatever he did
The success Joseph experienced is attributed directly to God's intervention. This success is not merely material or professional but encompasses all aspects of his life, reflecting the biblical principle that true prosperity comes from God. Joseph's ability to thrive in adverse circumstances is a testament to God's sovereignty and faithfulness. This phrase connects to other scriptural promises of prosperity for those who are faithful to God, such as in Psalm 1:3 and Joshua 1:8. Joseph's life foreshadows the ultimate success and victory found in Jesus Christ, who perfectly fulfilled God's will.