When the whole nation had finished crossing the Jordan
This phrase marks a significant moment in Israel's history, as the entire nation of Israel successfully crosses the Jordan River into the Promised Land. This event parallels the earlier crossing of the Red Sea, signifying God's continued faithfulness and miraculous provision. The crossing of the Jordan is a fulfillment of God's promise to Abraham regarding the land (Genesis 15:18-21). The Jordan River, at this time, was at flood stage, making the crossing even more miraculous (Joshua 3:15). This event also serves as a type of baptism, symbolizing a transition from the old life in the wilderness to a new life in the Promised Land.

the LORD said to Joshua
The direct communication from the LORD to Joshua emphasizes Joshua's role as the divinely appointed leader of Israel, succeeding Moses. This divine guidance underscores the importance of obedience to God's commands for successful leadership and conquest. Joshua's leadership is a type of Christ, as both lead their people into a promised inheritance. The LORD's instructions to Joshua often involve specific, strategic commands that require faith and trust in God's plan, reflecting the necessity of divine guidance in achieving God's purposes.

Choose twelve men from among the people
This directive emphasizes the importance of representation and unity among the tribes of Israel. The number twelve is significant throughout the Bible, symbolizing completeness and the nation of Israel itself, as seen in the twelve tribes. This act of choosing men from among the people highlights the communal nature of Israel's journey and the shared responsibility in their covenant with God. It also foreshadows the New Testament, where Jesus chooses twelve apostles, symbolizing the foundation of a new covenant community.

One from each tribe
Selecting one man from each tribe ensures that all tribes are equally represented in this significant event, reinforcing the unity and equality among them. This act serves as a reminder of the diverse yet unified nature of God's people. Historically, the twelve tribes descended from the sons of Jacob, each with its own unique identity and role within the nation. This selection process also underscores the importance of collective memory and testimony, as these men would later serve as witnesses to the miraculous crossing of the Jordan River, a pivotal moment in Israel's history.

and command them:
This directive comes from God through Joshua, emphasizing the importance of obedience to divine instructions. It reflects the biblical theme of leadership and the role of God's chosen leaders in guiding His people. This command is part of a larger narrative where God is establishing Joshua's authority, similar to how Moses was commanded by God in the past.

‘Take up for yourselves twelve stones:
The number twelve is significant in biblical symbolism, representing the twelve tribes of Israel. This act serves as a memorial for the entire nation, signifying unity and collective memory. The stones are a physical representation of God's faithfulness and the fulfillment of His promises to the twelve tribes.

from the middle of the Jordan:
The Jordan River is a significant geographical and spiritual landmark in Israel's history. Crossing the Jordan symbolizes entering into the Promised Land, a pivotal moment for the Israelites. The middle of the river, where the waters were miraculously stopped, highlights God's direct intervention and power. This location underscores the miraculous nature of the event, as the stones are taken from a place that would normally be inaccessible.

where the priests were standing:
The priests carrying the Ark of the Covenant stood in the riverbed, symbolizing God's presence among His people. The Ark, representing God's covenant and His throne, signifies that it is by God's power and presence that the Israelites are able to cross. This mirrors the crossing of the Red Sea, where God's presence led the way.

carry them with you:
This instruction to carry the stones signifies the importance of remembering and bearing witness to God's acts. It is a call to actively participate in the remembrance of God's deliverance. The act of carrying the stones is a tangible way for the Israelites to engage with their history and faith.

and set them down in the place where you spend the night.’”
The stones are to be set up at the Israelites' first encampment in the Promised Land, Gilgal. This location becomes a place of remembrance and teaching for future generations. It serves as a physical reminder of God's faithfulness and the miraculous crossing, encouraging the Israelites to trust in God's continued guidance and provision.

So Joshua summoned the twelve men
Joshua, the leader of the Israelites after Moses, acts decisively in obedience to God's command. The summoning of the twelve men signifies a moment of preparation and organization. The number twelve is significant throughout the Bible, often representing completeness and the people of God, as seen in the twelve tribes of Israel and later the twelve apostles. This act of summoning indicates a formal and important task, emphasizing the unity and collective responsibility of the tribes.

he had appointed from the Israelites
Joshua's prior appointment of these men underscores the importance of planning and leadership. The selection process would have involved choosing men of integrity and standing within their tribes, reflecting the need for trustworthy representatives. This mirrors the earlier appointment of leaders by Moses, as seen in Exodus 18:25, where capable men were chosen to help govern the people. It highlights the continuity of leadership and the importance of delegation in fulfilling God's commands.

one from each tribe
The representation of each tribe ensures that the entire nation is involved in the memorial act that follows. This inclusivity reinforces the unity of the nation as they enter the Promised Land. Each tribe's participation symbolizes their shared heritage and collective future. This act of choosing one man from each tribe also prefigures the unity of believers in Christ, as seen in the New Testament, where all are one in Him regardless of their background (Galatians 3:28). The twelve stones that these men will later carry serve as a physical reminder of God's faithfulness to all the tribes of Israel.

and said to them,
This phrase indicates a direct command from Joshua to the twelve men chosen from the tribes of Israel. Joshua, as the leader appointed by God after Moses, often communicated God's instructions to the people. This reflects the biblical principle of leadership and obedience to divine authority.

“Cross over before the ark of the LORD your God
The Ark of the Covenant symbolizes God's presence among His people. Crossing before the Ark signifies the Israelites' faith and trust in God's guidance and protection. The Ark leading the way is a recurring theme, emphasizing God's leadership in their journey. This mirrors the crossing of the Red Sea, where God's presence led the Israelites to safety.

into the middle of the Jordan.
The Jordan River represents a significant geographical and spiritual boundary. Crossing it marks the transition from the wilderness into the Promised Land. The miraculous parting of the Jordan, similar to the Red Sea, demonstrates God's power and faithfulness. The middle of the Jordan is a place of divine intervention, where natural laws are suspended for God's purposes.

Each of you is to take a stone upon his shoulder,
The act of taking a stone is symbolic and serves as a physical reminder of God's deliverance. Carrying the stone on the shoulder indicates the weight and significance of the task. This action is a memorial for future generations, teaching them about God's mighty works. It also foreshadows the concept of Jesus as the cornerstone, a foundation of faith.

according to the number of the tribes of Israel,
The twelve stones represent the twelve tribes of Israel, emphasizing unity and collective identity. This act reinforces the covenant relationship between God and His people. It also serves as a reminder of the promises made to the patriarchs, Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, regarding the land and their descendants. The number twelve often signifies completeness and God's divine order throughout Scripture.

to serve as a sign among you.
This phrase indicates the purpose of the stones: to act as a memorial. In biblical times, physical markers were often used to commemorate significant events. The stones from the Jordan River were to remind the Israelites of God's miraculous intervention in stopping the river's flow, allowing them to cross on dry ground. This act of remembrance is a recurring theme in Scripture, emphasizing the importance of recalling God's faithfulness and mighty works (Exodus 12:14, Deuteronomy 6:12).

In the future, when your children ask,
This anticipates future generations inquiring about the significance of the stones. It underscores the importance of oral tradition and storytelling in Hebrew culture, where history and faith were passed down through generations. This practice is seen throughout the Old Testament, where parents are instructed to teach their children about God's laws and deeds (Deuteronomy 6:7, Psalm 78:4-6).

‘What do these stones mean to you?’
The question highlights the personal and communal significance of the stones. It invites reflection on God's actions and encourages a personal connection to the collective memory of the community. This inquiry is not just about historical facts but about understanding and internalizing the spiritual lessons behind the event. The stones serve as a tangible reminder of God's covenant and faithfulness, similar to other memorials in Scripture, such as the Passover (Exodus 12:26-27) and the Lord's Supper (1 Corinthians 11:24-25).

you are to tell them
This phrase emphasizes the importance of oral tradition and the responsibility of passing down God's acts to future generations. In ancient Israel, storytelling was a primary means of preserving history and teaching faith. This command ensures that the miraculous event is not forgotten and highlights the role of parents and leaders in educating the next generation about God's faithfulness.

‘The waters of the Jordan were cut off
The cutting off of the Jordan's waters is a miraculous event that parallels the parting of the Red Sea (Exodus 14:21-22). This miracle signifies God's continued presence and power among the Israelites as they enter the Promised Land. The Jordan River, typically a formidable barrier, especially during harvest season when it overflows its banks (Joshua 3:15), becomes a symbol of God's ability to overcome obstacles for His people.

before the ark of the covenant of the LORD.
The Ark of the Covenant represents God's presence and His covenant with Israel. Its central role in this event underscores the idea that it is God who leads and provides for His people. The Ark going before the Israelites into the Jordan signifies divine leadership and protection, reminding them of God's promises and His holiness.

When it crossed the Jordan,
The crossing of the Jordan marks a significant transition for the Israelites, from wandering in the wilderness to entering the land promised to their ancestors. This event fulfills God's promise to Abraham (Genesis 15:18-21) and serves as a tangible sign of His faithfulness. It also represents a new beginning and a call to trust in God's guidance.

the waters were cut off.’
The repetition of the miracle's description emphasizes its significance and ensures that the event is clearly understood and remembered. This miraculous act serves as a testament to God's power and His ability to control nature, reinforcing the Israelites' faith in Him.

Therefore these stones will be a memorial
The stones taken from the Jordan and set up at Gilgal serve as a physical reminder of God's miraculous intervention. Memorials in ancient cultures were common ways to commemorate significant events. These stones are intended to provoke questions from future generations, leading to the retelling of God's mighty acts.

to the Israelites forever.”
The use of "forever" indicates the perpetual nature of this memorial. It is meant to be an enduring reminder of God's faithfulness and power. This concept of a lasting memorial is echoed in other parts of Scripture, such as the Passover (Exodus 12:14) and the Lord's Supper (1 Corinthians 11:24-25), which also serve as perpetual reminders of God's salvation.

Thus the Israelites did as Joshua had commanded them.
This phrase highlights the obedience of the Israelites to Joshua's leadership, which is crucial in their conquest of the Promised Land. Joshua, as Moses' successor, is a type of Christ, leading God's people into their inheritance. The Israelites' compliance reflects their trust in God's appointed leader, paralleling the call for Christians to follow Christ's commands.

They took up twelve stones from the middle of the Jordan,
The twelve stones symbolize the twelve tribes of Israel, representing the unity and collective identity of God's people. The act of taking stones from the Jordan's middle signifies a miraculous event, as the river was parted for their crossing. This mirrors the Red Sea crossing, reinforcing God's power and faithfulness. The stones serve as a tangible reminder of God's deliverance and provision.

one for each tribe of Israel,
This emphasizes the equal representation and importance of each tribe in God's covenant community. It underscores the theme of unity among diversity within the body of believers. The twelve tribes are often seen as a precursor to the twelve apostles, who form the foundation of the Church.

just as the LORD had told Joshua;
This phrase underscores the divine origin of the command, highlighting Joshua's role as a faithful mediator of God's will. It reflects the importance of divine instruction and obedience in achieving God's purposes. The phrase also points to the prophetic nature of God's word, which is fulfilled through human action.

and they carried them to the camp,
The act of carrying the stones to the camp signifies the transition from a miraculous event to a memorial for future generations. The camp represents a place of rest and community, where the Israelites can reflect on God's faithfulness. This action parallels the Christian practice of remembering Christ's sacrifice through communion.

where they set them down.
Setting the stones down establishes a permanent memorial, serving as a witness to future generations of God's mighty acts. It is a call to remember and teach God's faithfulness, similar to how Christians are called to remember and proclaim the gospel. The stones become a testimony to God's enduring covenant with His people.

Joshua also set up twelve stones
This act of setting up stones is a common biblical practice for creating memorials or altars (Genesis 28:18, 31:45). The twelve stones represent the twelve tribes of Israel, symbolizing unity and collective memory. This act serves as a physical reminder of God's faithfulness and the miraculous crossing of the Jordan River.

in the middle of the Jordan,
The location in the middle of the Jordan River is significant as it marks the exact spot where the priests stood with the Ark of the Covenant. This emphasizes the miraculous nature of the event, as the river was at flood stage (Joshua 3:15). The stones in the riverbed serve as a testament to God's power in stopping the waters, allowing the Israelites to cross on dry ground.

in the place where the priests who carried the ark of the covenant stood.
The Ark of the Covenant symbolizes God's presence among His people. The priests standing in the river with the Ark signifies God's direct involvement in the crossing. This mirrors the crossing of the Red Sea, where God's presence led the Israelites to safety (Exodus 14:21-22). The Ark's presence in the river underscores the importance of faith and obedience in experiencing God's miracles.

And the stones are there to this day.
This phrase indicates the enduring nature of the memorial. It serves as a lasting witness to future generations of the miraculous event. The phrase "to this day" suggests that the stones were still visible at the time of the writing, providing historical credibility. This enduring memorial is a call to remember and teach future generations about God's mighty works, similar to the Passover celebration (Exodus 12:14).

Now the priests who carried the ark remained standing in the middle of the Jordan
The priests carrying the Ark of the Covenant symbolize God's presence among His people. The Ark, containing the tablets of the Law, Aaron's rod, and manna, represents God's covenant and guidance. Standing in the Jordan signifies God's direct intervention in Israel's journey, reminiscent of the Red Sea crossing (Exodus 14:21-22). The Jordan River, a significant geographical boundary, marks the transition from wilderness wandering to entering the Promised Land.

until the people had completed everything the LORD had commanded Joshua to tell them
This phrase underscores the importance of obedience to God's commands. Joshua, as Moses' successor, is tasked with leading the people according to divine instructions. The completion of these commands reflects the fulfillment of God's promises and the necessity of following divine guidance for success. This obedience is a recurring theme in Israel's history, emphasizing the covenant relationship between God and His people.

just as Moses had directed Joshua
This highlights the continuity of leadership and the passing of divine authority from Moses to Joshua. Moses, the great lawgiver and leader, had prepared Joshua for this role (Deuteronomy 31:7-8). The phrase indicates that Joshua's leadership is a continuation of Moses' mission, ensuring that God's plans for Israel are carried out. It also reflects the importance of mentorship and preparation in leadership within the biblical narrative.

The people hurried across
The urgency in crossing the Jordan suggests a combination of eagerness and reverence. The people are eager to enter the Promised Land, a fulfillment of God's promise to Abraham (Genesis 12:7). The hurried crossing also reflects the miraculous nature of the event, as the waters are held back by God's power. This moment is a testament to God's faithfulness and the people's trust in His provision, paralleling the urgency seen in other biblical deliverances, such as the Exodus.

and after everyone had finished crossing
This phrase marks the completion of the Israelites' crossing of the Jordan River, a significant event in their journey to the Promised Land. The crossing signifies a transition from the wilderness wanderings to the conquest of Canaan. It echoes the earlier crossing of the Red Sea, highlighting God's continued faithfulness and miraculous provision. The orderly crossing underscores the unity and obedience of the people under Joshua's leadership, fulfilling God's promise to Abraham regarding the land (Genesis 15:18-21).

the priests with the ark of the LORD
The priests carrying the Ark of the Covenant symbolize God's presence among His people. The Ark, containing the tablets of the Law, Aaron's rod, and manna, represents God's covenant, guidance, and provision. The priests' role in carrying the Ark emphasizes the importance of spiritual leadership and the centrality of God's presence in the life of the nation. This act also prefigures Christ, our High Priest, who mediates God's presence to us (Hebrews 4:14-16).

crossed in the sight of the people
The visibility of the priests and the Ark during the crossing serves as a powerful reminder of God's leadership and protection. It reassures the Israelites of God's continued presence as they face the challenges of conquering Canaan. This public demonstration of faith and obedience reinforces the importance of communal witness and accountability. It also foreshadows the public nature of Christ's ministry and His role as the visible manifestation of God's presence (John 1:14).

The Reubenites, the Gadites, and the half-tribe of Manasseh
These tribes were part of the Transjordan tribes, who had settled on the east side of the Jordan River. Their decision to settle there is recorded in Numbers 32, where they requested this land due to its suitability for their livestock. Moses granted their request on the condition that they assist the other tribes in conquering the land west of the Jordan.

crossed over before the Israelites
This phrase indicates their leadership role and commitment to the collective mission of the Israelites. By crossing over first, they demonstrated their willingness to fulfill their promise to Moses and support their fellow Israelites in the conquest of Canaan. This act of unity and cooperation was crucial for the success of the Israelite campaign.

armed for battle
The preparation for battle underscores the military aspect of the conquest of Canaan. The Israelites were not merely migrating; they were engaging in a divinely sanctioned military campaign to take possession of the land promised to their forefathers. This preparation also reflects the seriousness of their commitment and the reality of the challenges they faced.

as Moses had instructed them
Moses' instructions, as recorded in Numbers 32:20-22, were a binding agreement that required the Transjordan tribes to assist in the conquest of Canaan. This obedience to Moses' command highlights the importance of leadership and covenant faithfulness in the Israelite community. It also reflects the continuity of leadership from Moses to Joshua, as Joshua was now leading the people in fulfilling the promises made under Moses' leadership.

About 40,000 troops
The number 40,000 signifies a substantial military force, indicating the readiness and strength of the Israelites as they prepared to enter the Promised Land. This number reflects the organized and disciplined nature of the Israelite army, which was necessary for the conquest of Canaan. The number 40 is often symbolic in the Bible, representing periods of testing or preparation, such as the 40 years of wilderness wandering.

armed for battle
The phrase emphasizes the preparedness and determination of the Israelites. They were equipped and ready to engage in the battles necessary to claim the land promised to them by God. This readiness for battle also reflects the fulfillment of God's promise to Abraham regarding his descendants possessing the land (Genesis 15:18-21).

crossed over before the LORD
Crossing over "before the LORD" indicates that the Israelites' actions were under divine guidance and approval. The presence of the Ark of the Covenant, which represented God's presence, led them, signifying that their military endeavors were not merely human efforts but divinely ordained missions. This phrase underscores the importance of divine leadership and obedience to God's commands.

into the plains of Jericho
The plains of Jericho were strategically significant as they were the entry point into Canaan. Jericho itself was a fortified city, representing the first major challenge in the conquest of the land. The geographical location highlights the beginning of the fulfillment of God's promise to give the Israelites the land of Canaan. Jericho's conquest, which follows in the narrative, serves as a testament to God's power and faithfulness in delivering His people.

On that day
This phrase refers to a specific moment in time, the day when the Israelites crossed the Jordan River into the Promised Land. It marks a significant transition in Israel's history, symbolizing the fulfillment of God's promises to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. The crossing of the Jordan is a pivotal event, akin to the crossing of the Red Sea, and signifies a new chapter for the nation under Joshua's leadership.

the LORD exalted Joshua
The exaltation of Joshua is a divine act, indicating God's approval and appointment of Joshua as the leader of Israel. This mirrors the way God had previously exalted Moses, establishing Joshua's authority and ensuring the people's confidence in his leadership. It underscores the theme of divine election and empowerment, as God chooses and equips leaders for His purposes.

in the sight of all Israel
This public exaltation ensures that the entire nation witnesses God's endorsement of Joshua. It is crucial for maintaining unity and obedience among the people, as they prepare to conquer the land. The visibility of this act reinforces the legitimacy of Joshua's leadership and serves as a unifying factor for the tribes of Israel.

and they revered him
The reverence shown to Joshua by the Israelites is a response to God's exaltation of him. It reflects the respect and obedience that the people are to have for God's chosen leader. This reverence is not merely personal admiration but is rooted in the recognition of God's authority working through Joshua.

all the days of his life
This phrase indicates the enduring nature of the respect and authority Joshua held among the Israelites. Unlike some leaders whose influence wanes, Joshua's leadership remains strong throughout his lifetime, suggesting his faithfulness and effectiveness in fulfilling God's commands.

just as they had revered Moses
The comparison to Moses highlights the continuity of leadership and the fulfillment of God's promises. Moses was a central figure in Israel's history, and his leadership set a standard for future leaders. By paralleling Joshua with Moses, the text emphasizes that Joshua is the rightful successor, continuing the mission of leading Israel into the Promised Land. This also points to the typology of Christ, as both Moses and Joshua serve as types of Christ, leading God's people to salvation and rest.

Divine Communication:
This phrase highlights the direct communication between God and Joshua, emphasizing the role of Joshua as a leader chosen by God. It reflects the continuity of divine guidance that was present with Moses and now with Joshua, ensuring the Israelites that God’s presence remains with them.

Leadership Transition:
Joshua's leadership is affirmed through God's direct communication, similar to how God spoke to Moses. This transition of leadership is crucial as it reassures the Israelites of God's unchanging plan and presence.

Historical Context:
At this point in the narrative, the Israelites are crossing the Jordan River into the Promised Land. This event is significant as it marks the fulfillment of God's promise to Abraham regarding the land of Canaan.

Covenantal Relationship:
The phrase underscores the covenantal relationship between God and Israel, with Joshua as the mediator. This relationship is foundational to the identity and mission of Israel as God's chosen people.

Typology of Christ:
Joshua, whose name means "The LORD is salvation," serves as a type of Christ. Just as Joshua leads the Israelites into the Promised Land, Jesus leads believers into the spiritual rest and inheritance promised by God.

Connection to Other Scripture:
This divine communication is reminiscent of God's interactions with other biblical figures, such as Moses at the burning bush (Exodus 3) and Samuel in the temple (1 Samuel 3), illustrating a pattern of God calling and guiding His chosen leaders.

Prophetic Fulfillment:
The leadership of Joshua and the crossing of the Jordan can be seen as a fulfillment of the promises made to the patriarchs, demonstrating God's faithfulness to His word and His people.

Command the priests
In the context of ancient Israel, priests held a significant role as mediators between God and the people. They were responsible for performing sacrifices and maintaining the sanctity of the Tabernacle and later the Temple. The command given here highlights the authority of Joshua as the leader of Israel, following the death of Moses. It also underscores the importance of obedience to God's instructions, as the priests were to act according to divine direction.

who carry the ark of the Testimony
The Ark of the Testimony, also known as the Ark of the Covenant, was a sacred chest that contained the stone tablets of the Ten Commandments, Aaron's rod, and a pot of manna. It symbolized God's presence and covenant with Israel. The priests carrying the Ark signifies the centrality of God's law and presence in the life of the nation. The Ark's movement across the Jordan River is reminiscent of the crossing of the Red Sea, symbolizing a new beginning for Israel in the Promised Land.

to come up from the Jordan
The Jordan River was a significant geographical and spiritual boundary for the Israelites. Crossing it marked the transition from the wilderness wanderings to entering the Promised Land. The command for the priests to come up from the Jordan signifies the completion of this miraculous crossing, facilitated by God's power. It also serves as a reminder of God's faithfulness in fulfilling His promises to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. The act of coming up from the Jordan can be seen as a type of resurrection or new life, prefiguring the resurrection of Jesus Christ and the new life believers have in Him.

So Joshua commanded the priests
Joshua, as the leader of Israel, acts with authority given by God. His command reflects obedience to God's instructions, as seen throughout the book of Joshua. The priests, who carry the Ark of the Covenant, symbolize God's presence among His people. This moment highlights the importance of spiritual leadership and obedience to divine guidance. Joshua's role as a leader can be seen as a type of Christ, who leads His people into the promises of God.

“Come up from the Jordan.”
The Jordan River represents a boundary between the wilderness and the Promised Land. The command to "come up" signifies a transition from wandering to entering into God's promises. This act is a fulfillment of God's promise to bring Israel into the land He swore to their ancestors. The crossing of the Jordan parallels the crossing of the Red Sea, both miraculous events that demonstrate God's power and faithfulness. The Jordan River is also significant in the New Testament, as it is the site of Jesus' baptism, marking the beginning of His public ministry and symbolizing a new beginning for humanity.

When the priests carrying the ark of the covenant of the LORD
The Ark of the Covenant was a sacred chest that held the tablets of the Ten Commandments, Aaron's rod, and a pot of manna. It symbolized God's presence and covenant with Israel. The priests carrying the Ark signifies the leadership and spiritual guidance of the Levites, who were set apart for holy duties. The Ark's presence in the crossing of the Jordan River underscores the divine intervention and guidance in Israel's journey to the Promised Land, reminiscent of the crossing of the Red Sea in Exodus 14.

came up out of the Jordan
The Jordan River was a significant geographical and spiritual boundary for the Israelites. Crossing it marked the transition from the wilderness wanderings to entering the Promised Land. This event is a fulfillment of God's promise to Abraham regarding the land (Genesis 15:18-21). The act of coming up out of the Jordan symbolizes a new beginning and the faithfulness of God in leading His people.

and their feet touched the dry land
The dry land signifies the miraculous nature of the crossing. Just as God parted the Red Sea, He also stopped the flow of the Jordan River, allowing the Israelites to cross on dry ground. This miracle reinforced God's power and presence with His people. The dry land also represents the fulfillment of God's promise and the tangible evidence of His provision and protection.

the waters of the Jordan returned to their course
The return of the waters to their natural course after the priests and the Ark had crossed signifies the completion of the miracle. It demonstrates God's control over nature and His ability to suspend natural laws for His purposes. This event would have served as a powerful reminder to the Israelites of God's sovereignty and might.

and overflowed all the banks as before
The overflowing of the banks indicates the natural state of the Jordan River during the harvest season, as mentioned earlier in Joshua 3:15. This detail highlights the miraculous nature of the crossing, as the river was at its fullest and most formidable. The return to normalcy after the crossing serves as a testament to the extraordinary intervention of God, reinforcing the idea that the Israelites' success in entering the Promised Land was due to divine assistance rather than human effort.

On the tenth day of the first month
This date is significant as it marks the beginning of the Israelites' entry into the Promised Land, aligning with the timing of the Passover (Exodus 12:3). The first month, Nisan, is a time of new beginnings, symbolizing redemption and deliverance. This timing connects the crossing of the Jordan with the Exodus from Egypt, reinforcing God's faithfulness in fulfilling His promises.

the people went up from the Jordan
The phrase "went up" indicates a movement from a lower elevation at the Jordan River to a higher ground, symbolizing a transition from wandering to possessing the land. This act of crossing the Jordan is reminiscent of the Red Sea crossing, demonstrating God's miraculous provision and the continuation of His covenant with Israel.

and camped at Gilgal
Gilgal becomes a significant base for the Israelites in the conquest of Canaan. The name Gilgal is associated with the Hebrew word for "circle" or "rolling," which is later explained in Joshua 5:9 as God rolling away the reproach of Egypt. This site serves as a place of remembrance and renewal of the covenant, where the Israelites set up memorial stones from the Jordan.

on the eastern border of Jericho
This location is strategic, as Jericho is the first major city the Israelites will encounter in their conquest of Canaan. The eastern border signifies the beginning of their campaign in the land God promised to Abraham (Genesis 12:7). Jericho's fall, which follows in Joshua 6, is a testament to God's power and the fulfillment of His promises.

And there at Gilgal
Gilgal is significant as the first campsite of the Israelites after crossing the Jordan River into the Promised Land. It is located near Jericho and served as a base for their operations in Canaan. Gilgal means "circle of stones," which may refer to the memorial stones set up by Joshua. This site becomes a place of remembrance and renewal of the covenant, as seen in later events such as the circumcision of the new generation and the celebration of Passover (Joshua 5:2-12).

Joshua set up the twelve stones
The act of setting up stones is a common biblical practice for creating memorials or altars (Genesis 28:18, 1 Samuel 7:12). These stones served as a physical reminder of God's miraculous intervention in stopping the Jordan River, allowing the Israelites to cross on dry ground. The number twelve represents the twelve tribes of Israel, symbolizing unity and collective memory. This act reinforces the importance of remembering God's faithfulness and teaching future generations about His deeds (Joshua 4:6-7).

they had taken from the Jordan
The stones were taken from the middle of the Jordan River, where the priests carrying the Ark of the Covenant stood (Joshua 4:3). This emphasizes the miraculous nature of the crossing, as the river was at flood stage (Joshua 3:15). The stones' origin from the riverbed highlights God's power over nature and His ability to fulfill His promises. This event parallels the crossing of the Red Sea, reinforcing God's continuous guidance and provision for His people.

Then Joshua said to the Israelites
Joshua, the leader of the Israelites after Moses, is speaking to the people of Israel. This moment occurs after the miraculous crossing of the Jordan River, where God stopped the waters to allow the Israelites to pass on dry ground. Joshua's leadership is crucial as he guides the people into the Promised Land, fulfilling God's promise to Abraham. This phrase highlights Joshua's role as a mediator between God and the Israelites, similar to Moses, and foreshadows Christ as the ultimate mediator.

In the future
This phrase indicates a forward-looking perspective, emphasizing the importance of remembering God's acts for future generations. It reflects the biblical theme of remembrance and the transmission of faith, as seen in Deuteronomy 6:6-9, where parents are instructed to teach God's commandments to their children. It underscores the continuity of God's covenant and the importance of historical memory in maintaining faith.

when your children ask their fathers
The phrase anticipates a time when children, curious about their heritage and faith, will seek understanding from their parents. This reflects the cultural and familial structure of ancient Israel, where oral tradition and storytelling were vital for passing down history and religious beliefs. It also highlights the responsibility of parents to educate their children in the ways of the Lord, as seen in Proverbs 22:6.

‘What is the meaning of these stones?’
The stones refer to the twelve stones taken from the Jordan River and set up at Gilgal as a memorial. This act of setting up stones as a memorial is a common practice in the Old Testament, serving as a tangible reminder of God's faithfulness and mighty acts. The stones symbolize the twelve tribes of Israel and God's deliverance, similar to the Passover as a memorial of the Exodus. This practice of creating physical reminders points to the sacraments in Christianity, such as baptism and communion, which serve as reminders of Christ's work.

you are to tell them
This phrase emphasizes the importance of oral tradition and the passing down of God's mighty acts to future generations. In the ancient Near Eastern culture, storytelling was a primary means of preserving history and teaching values. This command reflects the biblical principle of teaching children about God's works, as seen in Deuteronomy 6:7, where parents are instructed to diligently teach their children about God's commandments.

‘Israel crossed the Jordan
The crossing of the Jordan River is a pivotal event in Israel's history, marking the transition from the wilderness wanderings to the conquest of the Promised Land. The Jordan River, a significant geographical boundary, symbolized a barrier to the fulfillment of God's promises. This miraculous crossing parallels the earlier crossing of the Red Sea (Exodus 14), reinforcing God's power and faithfulness. It also prefigures Christian baptism, symbolizing the believer's passage from death to life.

on dry ground.’
The mention of "dry ground" highlights the miraculous nature of the event, as the river was at flood stage (Joshua 3:15). This miracle served to authenticate Joshua's leadership, as God had done for Moses at the Red Sea. It also demonstrated God's control over creation, affirming His sovereignty. The dry ground is a testament to God's provision and faithfulness, ensuring safe passage for His people. This event is a type of Christ, who provides a way through the barriers of sin and death, leading believers into the promises of eternal life.

For the LORD your God dried up the waters of the Jordan before you until you had crossed over
This phrase highlights God's miraculous intervention in the natural world, demonstrating His power and faithfulness to His people. The drying up of the Jordan River is a direct parallel to the earlier crossing of the Red Sea, reinforcing God's consistent provision and protection. The Jordan River, at flood stage during the Israelites' crossing, would have been a formidable barrier, emphasizing the miracle's significance. This event marks the transition from the wilderness wanderings to the conquest of Canaan, symbolizing a new beginning for Israel. It also serves as a testament to God's covenant promises, as the Israelites enter the land promised to their forefathers.

just as He did to the Red Sea
This comparison to the Red Sea crossing underscores the continuity of God's deliverance throughout Israel's history. The Red Sea event, a foundational moment in the Exodus narrative, established God's power over creation and His ability to save His people from seemingly insurmountable obstacles. By referencing the Red Sea, the text connects the current generation with their ancestors, reminding them of God's unchanging nature and His ongoing commitment to His covenant. This parallel also serves as a typological foreshadowing of Christ's redemptive work, where deliverance from bondage and passage through water symbolize spiritual salvation and baptism.

which He dried up before us until we had crossed over
The phrase emphasizes the completeness and thoroughness of God's action. The drying up of the waters allowed the entire nation to cross safely, signifying God's provision for all His people. This act of divine intervention is a powerful reminder of God's sovereignty and His ability to make a way where there seems to be none. It also reinforces the idea of collective identity and shared experience among the Israelites, as they witness God's mighty deeds together. The crossing over into the Promised Land is a fulfillment of God's promises, serving as a precursor to the ultimate fulfillment of God's promises through Jesus Christ, who leads believers into the eternal Promised Land.

He did this
This phrase refers to the miraculous event of the Israelites crossing the Jordan River on dry ground. It highlights God's direct intervention in the natural world, similar to the parting of the Red Sea in Exodus 14. This act serves as a demonstration of God's power and faithfulness to His covenant promises.

so that all the peoples of the earth may know
The purpose of the miracle extends beyond Israel to a universal audience. It underscores God's desire for His name to be known among all nations, reflecting the Abrahamic promise in Genesis 12:3 that through Abraham's descendants, all families of the earth would be blessed. This anticipates the Great Commission in Matthew 28:19, where Jesus commands His followers to make disciples of all nations.

that the hand of the LORD is mighty
The "hand of the LORD" is a biblical metaphor for God's power and authority. This phrase emphasizes God's ability to control and alter the natural world, affirming His sovereignty. It connects to other biblical instances where God's hand is depicted as mighty, such as in Exodus 15:6 and Isaiah 41:10, reinforcing the theme of divine strength and protection.

and so that you may always fear the LORD your God.
The fear of the LORD is a central theme in the Old Testament, signifying reverence, awe, and obedience to God. This phrase serves as a reminder to the Israelites of their covenant relationship with God, encouraging them to live in a manner that honors Him. It echoes the wisdom literature, such as Proverbs 1:7, where the fear of the LORD is described as the beginning of knowledge. This reverence is not only for the Israelites but is a model for all believers, pointing to a life of faithfulness and devotion.