Matthew 19:28
Jesus said to them, "Truly I tell you, in the renewal of all things, when the Son of Man sits on His glorious throne, you who have followed Me will also sit on twelve thrones, judging the twelve tribes of Israel.
Truly I tell you
This phrase is a solemn affirmation by Jesus, often used to emphasize the truth and importance of what follows. The Greek word "ἀμήν" (amēn) is translated as "truly" and is a term of strong assertion. It underscores the authority of Jesus' words, indicating that what He is about to say is of utmost significance and should be received with full confidence and faith.

in the renewal of all things
The Greek term "παλιγγενεσία" (palingenesia) is translated as "renewal" and refers to a new beginning or regeneration. This concept is deeply rooted in Jewish eschatological hope, where the world would be restored to its intended glory. It signifies a future time when God will renew creation, aligning with the prophetic visions found in Isaiah and Revelation, where a new heaven and earth are promised.

when the Son of Man
The title "Son of Man" is a messianic term that Jesus frequently uses for Himself, drawing from Daniel 7:13-14. It emphasizes both His humanity and His divine authority. In the context of Matthew 19:28, it highlights Jesus' role in the eschatological fulfillment and His authority to judge and restore.

sits on His glorious throne
The imagery of a throne signifies authority, kingship, and judgment. The "glorious throne" points to the majesty and divine authority of Christ in His kingdom. This reflects the fulfillment of Old Testament prophecies regarding the Messiah's reign and the establishment of God's kingdom on earth, as seen in passages like Psalm 2 and Isaiah 9:7.

you who have followed Me
This phrase acknowledges the disciples' commitment and faithfulness to Jesus. The Greek word "ἀκολουθέω" (akoloutheō) means to follow or accompany, indicating a life of discipleship and dedication. It reassures the disciples of their reward for their sacrifices and loyalty to Christ.

will also sit on twelve thrones
The promise of sitting on thrones signifies a position of authority and honor. The number twelve is significant, representing the twelve tribes of Israel and symbolizing completeness and divine order. This promise indicates that the disciples will share in Christ's authority and participate in the governance of His kingdom.

judging the twelve tribes of Israel
The role of judging implies authority and responsibility. In the Jewish context, the twelve tribes represent the entirety of God's people. This promise to the disciples reflects their future role in the eschatological restoration and governance of Israel, fulfilling the covenant promises made to the patriarchs and aligning with the hope of Israel's restoration as seen in Ezekiel 37 and Amos 9:11-15.

Persons / Places / Events
1. Jesus
The central figure of the New Testament, the Son of God, who is speaking to His disciples about the future kingdom.

2. The Disciples
Specifically, the twelve apostles who have followed Jesus during His earthly ministry.

3. The Son of Man
A title Jesus often uses for Himself, emphasizing His role in God's redemptive plan and His authority.

4. The Twelve Tribes of Israel
Refers to the descendants of the twelve sons of Jacob, representing the people of Israel.

5. The Renewal of All Things
A future event when God will restore creation to its intended glory, often associated with the end times.
Teaching Points
The Promise of Reward for Faithfulness
Jesus assures His disciples that their sacrifices and faithfulness will be rewarded in the coming kingdom.

The Authority of Jesus as the Son of Man
Jesus' use of "Son of Man" highlights His divine authority and fulfillment of Old Testament prophecy.

The Role of Believers in God's Kingdom
Believers are called to participate in God's future kingdom, with roles that reflect their faithfulness on earth.

The Hope of Restoration
The "renewal of all things" offers hope for a future where God's perfect order is restored, encouraging believers to persevere.

Judgment and Responsibility
The promise of judging the twelve tribes signifies a responsibility that comes with following Christ, urging believers to live righteously.
Bible Study Questions
1. How does the promise of sitting on thrones with Jesus encourage you in your current walk of faith?

2. In what ways does understanding Jesus as the "Son of Man" deepen your appreciation of His authority and mission?

3. How can the hope of the "renewal of all things" impact your perspective on current world events and personal challenges?

4. What responsibilities do you think come with the promise of believers participating in judgment, and how can you prepare for them?

5. How do the connections between Matthew 19:28 and other scriptures like Revelation 21 and Daniel 7:13-14 enhance your understanding of God's redemptive plan?
Connections to Other Scriptures
Revelation 21
Describes the new heaven and new earth, connecting to the "renewal of all things" mentioned by Jesus.

Daniel 7:13-14
Provides a prophetic vision of the "Son of Man" receiving authority and a kingdom, which parallels Jesus' reference to His glorious throne.

1 Corinthians 6:2-3
Paul speaks about the saints judging the world, which aligns with the disciples' future role in judgment.

Luke 22:28-30
Jesus reiterates the promise of the disciples sitting on thrones, emphasizing their reward for faithfulness.

Acts 3:21
Refers to the "restoration of all things," echoing the renewal Jesus speaks of in Matthew 19:28.
The RegenerationR. Tuck Matthew 19:28
Possessions and LifeJ.A. Macdonald Matthew 19:23-30
Christian Fidelity and its RewardsJ. C. Gray.Matthew 19:27-30
Forsaking All to Follow ChristJ. T. Barker., W. H. Hatchings, M. A.Matthew 19:27-30
Hundredfold RewardM. Pool.Matthew 19:27-30
The Advantages of Following ChristA. Weston.Matthew 19:27-30
The Christian's PossessionMatthew 19:27-30
The Christian's RecompenseLapide.Matthew 19:27-30
The First LastM. Pool.Matthew 19:27-30
The Gain Greater than the LossJ. R. Day, D. D.Matthew 19:27-30
The Great RewardW.F. Adeney Matthew 19:27-30
The Hundred-Fold RecompenseH. Melvill, B. D.Matthew 19:27-30
The Joy of the VirtuousMatthew 19:27-30
The Reward of Christ's FollowersSketchesMatthew 19:27-30
The Reward of Self-SacrificeLapide.Matthew 19:27-30
People
Jesus, Peter
Places
Galilee, Jordan River, Judea
Topics
Certainly, Creation, Follow, Followed, Glorious, Glory, Judge, Judging, Regeneration, Renewal, Replied, Seat, Seated, Seats, Sit, Sits, Solemnly, Throne, Thrones, Tribes, Truly, Twelve, Verily
Dictionary of Bible Themes
Matthew 19:28

     1130   God, sovereignty
     1654   numbers, 11-99
     2312   Christ, as king
     4287   universe
     4915   completion
     5581   throne
     6201   imperfection, and God's purposes
     7135   Israel, people of God
     7145   remnant
     7266   tribes of Israel
     7631   Twelve, calling of
     7707   apostles, designation
     8146   renewal, natural order
     8738   evil, victory over
     9155   millennium
     9230   judgment seat
     9412   heaven, worship and service

Matthew 19:13-30

     5554   status

Matthew 19:16-30

     5381   law, letter and spirit

Matthew 19:27-29

     5500   reward, God's people
     8435   giving, of oneself
     8481   self-sacrifice

Matthew 19:27-30

     8120   following Christ

Matthew 19:28-29

     2021   Christ, faithfulness
     5204   age

Library
The Requirements of the King
'And, behold, one came and said unto Him, Good Master, what good thing shall I do, that I may have eternal life? 17. And He said unto him, Why callest thou Me good? there is none good but One, that is, God: but if thou wilt enter into life, keep the commandments. 18. He saith unto Him, Which? Jesus said, Thou shalt do no murder, Thou shalt not commit adultery, Thou shalt not steal, Thou shalt not bear false witness, 19. Honour thy father and thy mother: and, Thou shalt love thy neighbour as thyself.
Alexander Maclaren—Expositions of Holy Scripture

On the Words of the Gospel, Matt. xix. 17, "If Thou Wouldest Enter into Life, Keep the Commandments. "
1. The Lord said to a certain young man, "If thou wilt enter into life, keep the commandments." [2792] He did not say, "If thou wilt enter into life eternal," but "If thou wilt enter into life;" laying down that as life, which is to be life eternal. Let us first then set forth the value of the love of this life. For even this present life, under whatever circumstances, is loved; and men fear and dread to end it of whatever kind it be; however full of trouble and misery. Hence may we see, hence consider,
Saint Augustine—sermons on selected lessons of the new testament

On the Words of the Gospel, Matt. xix. 21,"Go, Sell that Thou Hast, and Give to the Poor," Etc.
1. The Gospel by the present lesson has reminded me to speak to you, Beloved, of the heavenly treasure. For our God hath not, as unbelieving covetous men suppose, wished us to lose what we have: if what hath been enjoined us be properly understood, and piously believed, and devoutly received; He hath not enjoined us to lose, but rather shown a place where we may lay up. For no man can help thinking of his treasure, and following his riches in a kind of journeying of the heart. If then they are buried
Saint Augustine—sermons on selected lessons of the new testament

On the Words of the Gospel, Matt. xix. 28, "Come unto Me, all Ye that Labour and are Heavy Laden," Etc.
1. We heard in the Gospel that the Lord, rejoicing greatly in Spirit, said unto God the Father, "I confess to Thee, O Father, Lord of heaven and earth, because Thou hast hid these things from the wise and prudent, and hast revealed them unto babes. Even so, Father: for so it seemed good in Thy sight. All things are delivered unto Me of My Father: and no man knoweth the Son, but the Father; neither knoweth any man the Father, save the Son, and he to whomsoever the Son will reveal Him." [2306] I have
Saint Augustine—sermons on selected lessons of the new testament

On Riches
"It is easier for a camel to go through the eye of a needle, than for a rich man to enter into the kingdom of God." Matthew 19:24. 1. In the preceding verses we have an account of a young man who came running to our Lord, and kneeling down, not in hypocrisy, but in deep earnestness of soul, and said unto him, "Good Master, what good thing shall I do, that I may have eternal life?" "All the commandments," saith he, "I have kept from my youth: What lack I yet?" Probably he had kept them in the literal
John Wesley—Sermons on Several Occasions

Love Thy Neighbour
I shall notice, first of all, the command; secondly, I shall try and bring some reasons for your obedience to it; and afterwards, I shall draw some suggestions from the law itself. I. First, then, THE COMMAND. It is the second great commandment. The first is, "Thou shalt love the Lord, thy God," and there, the proper standard is, thou shalt love thy God more than thyself. The second commandment is, "Thou shalt love thy neighbour," and the standard there is a little lower, but still preeminently high,
Charles Haddon Spurgeon—Spurgeon's Sermons Volume 3: 1857

The First Last, and the Last First
"But many that are first shall be last; and the last shall be first."--Matthew 19:30. "So the last shall be first, and the first last."--Matthew 20:16. WE MUST BE SAVED if we would serve the Lord. We cannot serve God in an unsaved condition. "They that are in the flesh cannot please God." It is vain for them to attempt service while they are still at enmity against God. The Lord wants not enemies to wait upon him, nor slaves to grace his throne. We must be saved first; and salvation is all of grace.
Charles Haddon Spurgeon—Spurgeon's Sermons Volume 37: 1891

The Way.
If thou wouldest be perfect.'--ST. MATTHEW xix 21. For reasons many and profound, amongst the least because of the fragmentary nature of the records, he who would read them without the candle of the Lord--that is, the light of truth in his inward parts-- must not merely fall into a thousand errors--a thing for such a one of less moment--but must fail utterly of perceiving and understanding the life therein struggling to reveal itself--the life, that is, of the Son of Man, the thought, the feeling,
George MacDonald—Unspoken Sermons

A Treatise on Good Works
I. We ought first to know that there are no good works except those which God has commanded, even as there is no sin except that which God has forbidden. Therefore whoever wishes to know and to do good works needs nothing else than to know God's commandments. Thus Christ says, Matthew xix, "If thou wilt enter into life, keep the commandments." And when the young man asks Him, Matthew xix, what he shall do that he may inherit eternal life, Christ sets before him naught else but the Ten Commandments.
Dr. Martin Luther—A Treatise on Good Works

Journey to Jerusalem. Concerning Divorce.
^A Matt. XIX. 1-12; ^B Mark X. 1-12. ^a 1 And it came to pass when Jesus had finished these words [the words contained in Matt. xviii., which are the last teachings in Galilee recorded by any of the Evangelists, p. 435 and p. 439 he departed from Galilee [Having come into the borders of it again from Ephraim. It seems likely that Matthew takes in at one view both departures from Galilee, viz.: that mentioned on p. 441 and that at [4]Sec. XCV., for Matthew records none of the intervening events and
J. W. McGarvey—The Four-Fold Gospel

Blessing Children. Concerning Childlikeness.
(in Peræa.) ^A Matt. XIX. 13-15; ^B Mark X. 13-16; ^C Luke XVIII. 15-17. ^a 13 Then were there brought ^b 13 And they were bringing ^a unto him little children, { ^c also their babes,} that he should touch them: ^a that he should lay his hands on them, and pray [According to Buxtorf, children were often brought to the presidents of the synagogue in order that they might pray over them. The prayers of a good man in our behalf have always been regarded as a blessing; no wonder, then, that the
J. W. McGarvey—The Four-Fold Gospel

On the Journey to Jerusalem - Departure from Ephraim by Way of Samaria and Galilee - Healing of Ten Lepers - Prophetic Discourse of the Coming
The brief time of rest and quiet converse with His disciples in the retirement of Ephraim was past, and the Saviour of men prepared for His last journey to Jerusalem. All the three Synoptic Gospels mark this, although with varying details. [4875] From the mention of Galilee by St. Matthew, and by St. Luke of Samaria and Galilee - or more correctly, between (along the frontiers of) Samaria and Galilee,' we may conjecture that, on leaving Ephraim, Christ made a very brief detour along the northern
Alfred Edersheim—The Life and Times of Jesus the Messiah

The Last Incidents in Peræa - the Young Ruler who Went Away Sorrowful - to Leave all for Christ - Prophecy of his Passion - The
As we near the goal, the wondrous story seems to grow in tenderness and pathos. It is as if all the loving condescension of the Master were to be crowded into these days; all the pressing need also, and the human weaknesses of His disciples. And with equal compassion does He look upon the difficulties of them who truly seek to come to Him, and on those which, springing from without, or even from self and sin, beset them who have already come. Let us try reverently to follow His steps, and learn of
Alfred Edersheim—The Life and Times of Jesus the Messiah

The Third Day in Pasion-Week - the Last Series of Parables: to the Pharisees and to the People - on the Way to Jerusalem: the Parable
(ST. Matt. xix. 30, xx. 16; St. Matt. xxi. 28-32; St. Mark xii. 1-12; St. Luke xx. 9-19; St. Matt. xxii. 1-14.) ALTHOUGH it may not be possible to mark their exact succession, it will be convenient here to group together the last series of Parables. Most, if not all of them, were spoken on that third day in Passion week: the first four to a more general audience; the last three (to be treated in another chapter) to the disciples, when, on the evening of that third day, on the Mount of Olives, [5286]
Alfred Edersheim—The Life and Times of Jesus the Messiah

The Journey through Perea to Jerusalem
166. The fourth gospel says that after the visit to Jerusalem at the feast of Dedication Jesus withdrew beyond Jordan to the place where John at the first was baptizing (x. 40). Matthew and Mark also say that at the close of the ministry in Galilee Jesus departed and came into the borders of Judea and beyond Jordan, and that in this new region the multitudes again flocked to him, and he resumed his ministry of teaching (Matt. xix. 1f.; Mark x. 1). What he did and taught at this time is not shown
Rush Rhees—The Life of Jesus of Nazareth

On the Words of the Gospel, "When Jesus had Finished These Sayings," Etc. --S. Matt. xix. 1
On the Words of the Gospel, "When Jesus Had Finished These Sayings," Etc.--S. Matt. xix. 1 I. Jesus Who Chose The Fishermen, Himself also useth a net, and changeth place for place. Why? Not only that He may gain more of those who love God by His visitation; but also, as it seems to me, that He may hallow more places. To the Jews He becomes as a Jew that He may gain the Jews; to them that are under the Law as under the Law, that He may redeem them that are under the Law; to the weak as weak, that
St. Cyril of Jerusalem—Lectures of S. Cyril of Jerusalem

Eligius, Bishop of Noyon.
THE life of this pious bishop is so much the more worthy our consideration, on account of his having passed many years in the position of an ordinary citizen, before he entered on the clerical office; because his life may thus afford us a picture of the pious citizens of his time. Eligius was born at Chatelàt, a mile from Limoges, A. D. 588. His family had been Christian for many generations, and he received a pious education, [8] the result of which extended throughout his life. In his youth,
Augustus Neander—Light in the Dark Places

Therefore no Fruitfulness of the Flesh Can be Compared to Holy virginity Even Of...
8. Therefore no fruitfulness of the flesh can be compared to holy virginity even of the flesh. For neither is itself also honored because it is virginity, but because it hath been dedicated to God, and, although it be kept in the flesh, yet is it kept by religion and devotion of the Spirit. And by this means even virginity of body is spiritual, which continence of piety vows and keeps. For, even as no one makes an immodest use of the body, unless the sin have been before conceived in the spirit,
St. Augustine—Of Holy Virginity.

Ye Also who have not yet Made this Vow...
30. Ye also who have not yet made this vow, who are able to receive it, receive it. [2093] Run with perseverance, that ye may obtain. [2094] Take ye each his sacrifices, and enter ye into the courts [2095] of the Lord, not of necessity, having power over your own will. [2096] For not as, "Thou shall not commit adultery, Thou shall not kill," [2097] can it so be said, Thou shalt not wed. The former are demanded, the latter are offered. If the latter are done, they are praised: unless the former are
St. Augustine—Of Holy Virginity.

Lastly, Let us Hear the Lord Himself Delivering Most Plain Judgment on this Matter. ...
23. Lastly, let us hear the Lord Himself delivering most plain judgment on this matter. For, upon His speaking after a divine and fearful manner concerning husband and wife not separating, save on account of fornication, His disciples said to Him, "If the case be such with a wife, it is not good to marry." [2066] To whom He saith, "Not all receive this saying. For there are eunuchs who were so born: but there are others who were made by men: and there are eunuchs, who made themselves eunuchs for
St. Augustine—Of Holy Virginity.

Some Man Will Say: "What Then Does it Profit a Servant of God...
32. Some man will say: "What then does it profit a servant of God, that, having left the former doings which he had in the world he is converted unto the spiritual life and warfare, if it still behove him to do business as of a common workman?" As if truly it could be easily unfolded in words, how greatly profiteth what the Lord, in answer to that rich man who was seeking counsel of laying hold on eternal life, told him to do if he would fain be perfect: sell that he had, distribute all to the indigence
St. Augustine—Of the Work of Monks.

It is Difficult to Treat of the virtue of the Soul...
1. It is difficult to treat of the virtue of the soul, which is called Continence, in a manner fully suitable and worthy; but He, whose great gift this virtue is, will help our littleness under the burden of so great a weight. For He, who bestows it upon His faithful ones when they are continent, Himself gives discourse of it to His ministers when they speak. Lastly, of so great a matter purposing to speak what Himself shall grant, in the first place we say and prove that Continence is the gift of
St. Augustine—On Continence

This we Now Say, That, According to this Condition of Being Born and Dying...
3. This we now say, that, according to this condition of being born and dying, which we know, and in which we have been created, the marriage of male and female is some good; the compact whereof divine Scripture so commends, as that neither is it allowed one put away by her husband to marry, so long as her husband lives: nor is it allowed one put away by his wife to marry another, unless she who have separated from him be dead. Therefore, concerning the good of marriage, which the Lord also confirmed
St. Augustine—On the Good of Marriage

But Since, as the Lord Saith, "Not all Receive this Word...
12. But since, as the Lord saith, "Not all receive this word;" [2249] therefore let her who can receive it, receive it; and let her, who containeth not, marry; let her, who hath not begun, deliberate; let her, who hath undertaken it, persevere; let there be no occasion given unto the adversary, let there be no oblation withdrawn from Christ. Forsooth in the marriage bond if chastity be preserved, condemnation is not feared; but in widowed and virginal continence, the excellence of a greater gift
St. Augustine—On the Good of Widowhood.

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