Topical Bible: David: King of Israel: Adonijah Usurps the Sceptre; Solomon Appointed to the Throne

◄ David: King of Israel: Adonijah Usurps the Sceptre; Solomon Appointed to the Throne ►

Topical Encyclopedia

David, the second king of Israel, is a central figure in the biblical narrative, known for his heart after God and his significant role in establishing the united monarchy of Israel. As David aged, the question of succession became a pressing issue, leading to a dramatic episode involving his sons Adonijah and Solomon.

Adonijah's Attempt to Usurp the Throne

Adonijah, the fourth son of David, sought to claim the throne as his father grew old and frail. The narrative of Adonijah's attempt to usurp the throne is found in 1 Kings 1. Adonijah, described as a handsome and ambitious man, took advantage of David's weakened state to assert his claim. He conspired with key figures, including Joab, the commander of the army, and Abiathar the priest, to establish his kingship. Adonijah's actions were reminiscent of Absalom's earlier rebellion, as he prepared chariots and horsemen and gathered supporters to declare himself king.

The Berean Standard Bible recounts, "Adonijah son of Haggith exalted himself, saying, 'I will be king.' So he prepared chariots, cavalry, and fifty men to run ahead of him" (1 Kings 1:5). Despite his efforts, Adonijah's claim was not sanctioned by David or the prophet Nathan, nor did it have the support of key loyalists like Zadok the priest, Benaiah son of Jehoiada, or the prophet Nathan.

Solomon's Appointment to the Throne

The prophet Nathan and Bathsheba, Solomon's mother, intervened to ensure that David's promise to make Solomon his successor was fulfilled. Nathan approached Bathsheba, urging her to remind David of his oath regarding Solomon's kingship. Bathsheba went to David, who was bedridden, and reminded him of his promise. Nathan then confirmed her words, emphasizing the urgency of the situation.

David, recognizing the need to act decisively, reaffirmed his commitment to Solomon's succession. He instructed Zadok the priest, Nathan the prophet, and Benaiah son of Jehoiada to anoint Solomon as king. The BSB records David's command: "Take with you the servants of your lord, have my son Solomon mount my own mule, and take him down to Gihon. There Zadok the priest and Nathan the prophet are to anoint him king over Israel" (1 Kings 1:33-34).

The anointing of Solomon was a public and divinely sanctioned event. Solomon was placed on King David's mule, a symbol of royal authority, and led to Gihon, where he was anointed with oil. The people rejoiced, and the city resounded with celebration, signaling the legitimate transfer of power. The BSB describes the scene: "All the people went up after him, playing flutes and rejoicing with great joy, so that the ground shook with the sound" (1 Kings 1:40).

Adonijah's supporters, realizing the shift in power, dispersed in fear. Adonijah himself sought refuge at the altar, fearing retribution. Solomon, demonstrating wisdom and mercy, spared Adonijah's life on the condition of his future loyalty.

This episode underscores the divine providence and fulfillment of God's promises in the establishment of Solomon's reign. Solomon's ascension marked the continuation of David's legacy and the beginning of a new era for Israel, characterized by peace and prosperity under Solomon's wise rule.