Mattathah is a biblical figure mentioned in the context of the post-exilic period, specifically during the time of Ezra. He is identified as one of the descendants of the family of Hashum, a group that returned from the Babylonian exile to Jerusalem and Judah. The family of Hashum is listed among those who had taken foreign wives, an issue that Ezra the priest and scribe sought to address in order to restore the covenantal purity of the Israelite community.

Biblical Reference:
Mattathah is mentioned in the book of Ezra, which details the efforts to rebuild the temple and reestablish the religious practices of the Israelites after their return from exile. In Ezra 10:33 , we find the reference to Mattathah: "From the descendants of Hashum: Mattathah, Mattattah, Zabad, Eliphelet, Jeremai, Manasseh, and Shimei."

Historical and Religious Context:
The return from Babylonian exile marked a significant period in Jewish history, characterized by a renewed commitment to the Mosaic Law and the reestablishment of religious and social order. Ezra, a scribe well-versed in the Law of Moses, played a crucial role in this spiritual revival. One of the major reforms he initiated was the dissolution of marriages between Jewish men and foreign women, which was seen as a violation of the covenant with God.

The inclusion of Mattathah in the list of those who had taken foreign wives indicates his involvement in this critical moment of religious reform. The issue of intermarriage was not merely a social concern but a theological one, as it was believed to lead to idolatry and a departure from the worship of Yahweh.

Theological Significance:
From a theological perspective, the mention of Mattathah and others in Ezra 10 underscores the importance of covenant faithfulness and the community's commitment to holiness. The narrative reflects the broader biblical theme of separation from practices that could lead to spiritual compromise. The actions taken by Ezra and the community leaders were aimed at preserving the distinct identity of the people of Israel as God's chosen people.

Family of Hashum:
The family of Hashum is one of the many families listed in the genealogies of those who returned from exile. These genealogies serve to establish continuity with the pre-exilic community and affirm the fulfillment of God's promises to restore His people. The family of Hashum, like others, played a role in the rebuilding of the nation and the reestablishment of its religious foundations.

In summary, Mattathah's mention in the book of Ezra highlights the challenges faced by the returning exiles in maintaining their covenantal identity and the measures taken to ensure the community's faithfulness to God. His inclusion in the list of those who had taken foreign wives serves as a reminder of the ongoing struggle to live in accordance with divine commandments and the need for continual reform and renewal.Ezra 10:33
Of the sons of Hashum; Mattenai, Mattathah, Zabad, Eliphelet, Jeremai, Manasseh, and Shimei.
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