Topical Bible: Polygamy: Lamech

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Topical Encyclopedia

Lamech is a significant figure in the early chapters of Genesis, known for being the first recorded polygamist in the Bible. His account is found in Genesis 4, within the genealogy of Cain, the first son of Adam and Eve. Lamech's introduction marks a pivotal moment in the narrative of human relationships and societal development.

Biblical Account

Lamech is introduced in Genesis 4:19: "And Lamech took two wives, one named Adah and the other Zillah." This brief statement is the first mention of polygamy in the biblical text, indicating a departure from the monogamous union established by God with Adam and Eve. The text does not provide explicit commentary on Lamech's decision to take multiple wives, but it is presented in the context of a lineage that is marked by increasing moral decline.

Family and Descendants

Lamech's wives, Adah and Zillah, bore him several children who contributed to early human culture and technology. Adah gave birth to Jabal, "the father of those who dwell in tents and raise livestock" (Genesis 4:20), and Jubal, "the father of all who play the harp and flute" (Genesis 4:21). Zillah bore Tubal-cain, "a forger of every implement of bronze and iron" (Genesis 4:22), and a daughter named Naamah. These descendants are noted for their advancements in pastoral life, music, and metallurgy, suggesting a period of significant cultural development.

Lamech's Song

In Genesis 4:23-24, Lamech addresses his wives in a poetic form, often referred to as the "Song of Lamech":
"Lamech said to his wives:
'Adah and Zillah, hear my voice;
wives of Lamech, listen to my speech.
For I have killed a man for wounding me,
a young man for striking me.
If Cain is avenged sevenfold,
then Lamech seventy-sevenfold.'"

This passage reveals Lamech's character and the escalating violence in human society. His boastful declaration of vengeance and the multiplication of Cain's curse reflect a deepening of sin and moral corruption. Lamech's song is often interpreted as an expression of pride and defiance, highlighting the consequences of humanity's departure from God's original design for marriage and justice.

Theological Implications

Lamech's polygamy and his violent song are set against the backdrop of a world increasingly marred by sin. The introduction of polygamy through Lamech is not explicitly condemned in the text, but it is presented within a lineage that is characterized by moral decay. This context suggests a deviation from the divine ideal of monogamous marriage as established in Genesis 2:24, where a man is to "leave his father and mother and be united to his wife, and they will become one flesh" .

The narrative of Lamech serves as an early indication of the complexities and challenges that polygamy introduces into human relationships. It foreshadows the later biblical accounts where polygamy often leads to familial strife and discord, as seen in the lives of patriarchs such as Abraham, Jacob, and David. Lamech's account underscores the biblical theme of the consequences of sin and the need for redemption and restoration in human relationships.

Nave's Topical Index

Genesis 4:19
And Lamech took to him two wives: the name of the one was Adah, and the name of the other Zillah.
Nave's Topical Index

Library

Cain's Family and their Inventions.
... Zillah. At that time there was made a beginning of polygamy, and also
of music. For Lamech had three sons: Jabal, Jubal, Tubal. ...
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