The sardius, also known as carnelian, is a precious stone mentioned in the Bible as one of the twelve stones set in the breastplate of the High Priest. This breastplate, also known as the "Breastplate of Judgment," was an essential part of the High Priest's garments, as described in the Book of Exodus. The sardius is noted for its deep red color, which has been associated with blood and sacrifice, symbolizing redemption and atonement.

Biblical References:

The primary biblical reference to the sardius in the High Priest's breastplate is found in Exodus 28:17-20 : "And mount on it a setting of gemstones—four rows of stones: The first row shall be a ruby, a topaz, and an emerald; the second row shall be a turquoise, a sapphire, and a diamond; the third row shall be a jacinth, an agate, and an amethyst; and the fourth row shall be a beryl, an onyx, and a jasper. Mount these stones in gold filigree settings."

In this passage, the term "ruby" is often translated from the Hebrew word "odem," which is traditionally understood to refer to the sardius or carnelian. The sardius is the first stone listed in the first row, indicating its prominence and significance.

Symbolism and Significance:

The sardius, with its rich red hue, is emblematic of several key themes in biblical theology. Its color is reminiscent of blood, which in the Old Testament is a powerful symbol of life and sacrifice. The sardius thus represents the sacrificial system established by God for the atonement of sins, pointing forward to the ultimate sacrifice of Jesus Christ, whose blood was shed for the redemption of humanity.

Furthermore, the sardius is associated with the tribe of Reuben, as each stone in the breastplate corresponds to one of the twelve tribes of Israel. Reuben, the firstborn son of Jacob, is linked to the sardius, reflecting his position and the associated rights and responsibilities of the firstborn in Israelite culture.

Historical and Cultural Context:

In ancient Near Eastern cultures, carnelian was a highly prized gemstone, often used in jewelry and seals. Its durability and striking appearance made it a popular choice for adornment and ceremonial objects. The inclusion of the sardius in the High Priest's breastplate underscores its value and the importance of the priestly role in mediating between God and the people of Israel.

The breastplate itself was a symbol of divine guidance and judgment, as it contained the Urim and Thummim, tools used by the High Priest to discern God's will. The sardius, as part of this sacred garment, played a role in the broader context of Israel's covenant relationship with God.

Theological Implications:

The presence of the sardius in the High Priest's breastplate serves as a reminder of the holiness and purity required of those who approach God. It highlights the necessity of atonement and the provision of a mediator, themes that are fulfilled in the New Testament through the person and work of Jesus Christ. The sardius, therefore, not only reflects the historical and cultural practices of ancient Israel but also points to the enduring truths of redemption and reconciliation with God.Exodus 28:17
And you shall set in it settings of stones, even four rows of stones: the first row shall be a sardius, a topaz, and a carbuncle: this shall be the first row.
Nave's Topical Index

Exodus 39:10
And they set in it four rows of stones: the first row was a sardius, a topaz, and a carbuncle: this was the first row.
Nave's Topical Index

Introduction.
... jasper jasper With the mystic jewel-work of the High Priest's breastplate--the logeion ...
1. sardius 1. sardius or ruby 1. sardius or ruby 2. topazion 2. topazius ...
/.../ambrose/works and letters of st ambrose/introduction 4.htm

The Holy City; Or, the New Jerusalem:
... The first foundation was jasper; the second, sapphire; the third, a chalcedony;
the fourth, an emerald; The fifth, sardonyx; the sixth, sardius; the seventh ...
/.../bunyan/the works of john bunyan volumes 1-3/the holy city or the.htm

Sardius: Dictionary and Thesaurus | Clyx.com

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