Topical Bible: Seven: Miscellany of Sevens: Abraham Gives Abimelech Seven Lambs

◄ Seven: Miscellany of Sevens: Abraham Gives Abimelech Seven Lambs ►

Topical Encyclopedia

In the biblical narrative, the number seven often symbolizes completeness or divine perfection. This symbolism is evident in the account of Abraham and Abimelech, where the patriarch gives seven lambs as a testimony to a covenant. This event is recorded in Genesis 21:22-34, a passage that highlights themes of peace, covenant, and divine providence.

Context and Background

The account unfolds in the region of Gerar, where Abimelech, the king, and Phicol, the commander of his army, approach Abraham. They recognize that God is with Abraham in all that he does and seek to establish a peaceful agreement with him. This encounter follows a previous incident where Abraham had sojourned in Gerar and had interactions with Abimelech regarding Sarah, his wife (Genesis 20).

The Covenant at Beersheba

In Genesis 21:27-30 , the narrative describes the covenant-making process: "So Abraham brought sheep and cattle and gave them to Abimelech, and the two men made a covenant. Abraham set apart seven ewe lambs from the flock, and Abimelech asked him, 'Why have you set apart these seven ewe lambs?' He replied, 'You are to accept the seven ewe lambs from my hand as a witness for me that I dug this well.'"

The act of giving seven lambs serves as a tangible witness to the agreement between Abraham and Abimelech. The well in question, which Abraham had dug, becomes a focal point of the covenant, ensuring Abraham's rights to the water source. The number seven here underscores the completeness and solemnity of the agreement, marking it as divinely sanctioned.

Significance of the Number Seven

Throughout Scripture, the number seven is frequently associated with God's creation and covenantal promises. In the creation account, God rests on the seventh day, sanctifying it as a day of completion (Genesis 2:2-3). Similarly, the seven ewe lambs in this narrative symbolize the fullness and binding nature of the covenant between Abraham and Abimelech.

Beersheba: The Well of the Oath

The location where this covenant is made is named Beersheba, which can be translated as "Well of the Oath" or "Well of the Seven." This dual meaning reflects both the oath taken and the seven lambs given as a witness. Beersheba becomes a significant site in biblical history, often associated with the patriarchs and their encounters with God.

Theological Implications

From a theological perspective, this account illustrates God's faithfulness in providing for His people and ensuring peace with surrounding nations. Abraham's interaction with Abimelech demonstrates the importance of integrity and witness in covenant relationships. The seven lambs serve as a perpetual reminder of the divine oversight in human affairs, reinforcing the belief that God orchestrates events for His purposes.

In summary, the giving of seven lambs by Abraham to Abimelech is a profound example of the biblical use of the number seven to signify completeness and divine approval. This event not only solidifies a peaceful relationship between two leaders but also serves as a testament to God's providential care over His covenant people.