Shalman is a figure mentioned in the Old Testament, specifically in the book of Hosea. The name appears in Hosea 10:14, which states, "the roar of battle will rise against your people, so that all your fortresses will be devastated—as Shalman devastated Beth-arbel on the day of battle, when mothers were dashed to pieces with their children" . This reference is somewhat enigmatic, as Shalman is not extensively detailed elsewhere in the biblical text.

Identification with Shalmaneser

Many biblical scholars and authorities have identified Shalman with Shalmaneser, a name associated with several Assyrian kings. The most notable of these is Shalmaneser V, who reigned from 727 to 722 BC. Shalmaneser V is known for his role in the conquest of the Northern Kingdom of Israel, culminating in the siege and capture of Samaria, as recorded in 2 Kings 17:3-6. This identification is based on the similarity of the names and the historical context of Assyrian military campaigns during this period.

Historical Context

The Assyrian Empire was a dominant force in the Near East during the 8th century BC, and its kings were known for their military prowess and expansionist policies. Shalmaneser III, another Assyrian king, reigned earlier (858-824 BC) and is also a candidate for identification with Shalman. He is known for his extensive military campaigns and for subjugating various regions, including parts of Israel.

Beth-arbel

The mention of Beth-arbel in Hosea 10:14 is significant, as it suggests a historical event involving a devastating attack. The exact location of Beth-arbel is uncertain, but it is believed to have been a site of considerable importance, possibly located in the region of Gilead or near the Sea of Galilee. The destruction of Beth-arbel by Shalman is used by the prophet Hosea as a warning to Israel of impending judgment due to their unfaithfulness to God.

Theological Implications

From a theological perspective, the reference to Shalman in Hosea serves as a reminder of the consequences of turning away from God. The prophet Hosea uses historical events to illustrate the severity of divine judgment and to call the people of Israel to repentance. The devastation wrought by Shalman is a symbol of the destruction that awaits those who forsake their covenant with the Lord.

Conclusion

While the exact identity of Shalman remains a topic of scholarly debate, the association with Shalmaneser and the historical context of Assyrian aggression provide a plausible explanation for the reference in Hosea. The account serves as a powerful reminder of the historical realities faced by ancient Israel and the enduring message of accountability and repentance found throughout the biblical narrative.Hosea 10:14
Therefore shall a tumult arise among your people, and all your fortresses shall be spoiled, as Shalman spoiled Betharbel in the day of battle: the mother was dashed in pieces on her children.
Nave's Topical Index

Bible Concordance • Bible Dictionary • Bible Encyclopedia • Topical Bible • Bible Thesuarus