Timna is a biblical figure mentioned in the genealogical records of the Old Testament. She is identified as a concubine of Eliphaz, the firstborn son of Esau. Her account is primarily found in the book of Genesis, with additional references in the Chronicles.

Genealogical Context

Timna's role in the biblical narrative is closely tied to the lineage of Esau, the brother of Jacob. Esau, also known as Edom, is a significant figure in the Bible, and his descendants are often mentioned in the context of the Edomite nation. Timna's relationship with Eliphaz places her within this important genealogical framework.

Biblical References

The primary reference to Timna is found in Genesis 36:12: "Additionally, Timna, a concubine of Esau’s son Eliphaz, bore Amalek. These are the sons of Esau’s wife Adah." . This verse highlights her role as the mother of Amalek, a significant figure in the biblical narrative. Amalek would become the progenitor of the Amalekites, a people frequently mentioned in the context of Israel's history and conflicts.

Role and Significance

Timna's mention in the Bible, though brief, is significant due to her connection to the Amalekites. The Amalekites are often depicted as adversaries of the Israelites, and their enmity is a recurring theme throughout the Old Testament. The conflict between Israel and Amalek is first recorded in Exodus 17, where the Amalekites attack the Israelites shortly after their exodus from Egypt. This hostility continues in various accounts, including the command to Saul in 1 Samuel 15 to utterly destroy the Amalekites.

Cultural and Historical Context

In the cultural and historical context of the Old Testament, concubinage was a recognized social institution. Concubines, while not holding the same status as wives, were integral to the family structure and could bear children who were considered legitimate heirs. Timna's position as a concubine to Eliphaz reflects the customs and social norms of the time.

Legacy

Timna's legacy is primarily seen through her son Amalek and the subsequent history of the Amalekites. Her mention in the genealogies underscores the interconnectedness of the various tribes and peoples in the biblical narrative. The ongoing conflict between Israel and the Amalekites serves as a backdrop to many of the events in the Old Testament, illustrating the complex relationships between the descendants of Esau and Jacob.

In summary, Timna's role as the concubine of Eliphaz and mother of Amalek places her within the broader narrative of the Old Testament, highlighting the intricate genealogies and the enduring themes of conflict and kinship among the ancient peoples.Genesis 36:12
And Timna was concubine to Eliphaz Esau's son; and she bore to Eliphaz Amalek: these were the sons of Adah Esau's wife.
Nave's Topical Index

Chapter xxxvi
... be listed among the chiefs who trace their ancestry to Eliphaz, though he was born
of a concubine. ... were Hori and Hemam; and the sister of Lotan was Timna. ...
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