Timna is a biblical figure mentioned in the Old Testament, specifically in the genealogical records of the descendants of Esau. She is identified as a daughter of Seir the Horite, a prominent figure in the land of Seir, which is associated with the region of Edom. The Horites were the original inhabitants of the land before the Edomites, descendants of Esau, took possession of it.

Genealogical Context

Timna is introduced in the genealogical listings found in the Book of Genesis. In Genesis 36:20-22 , the text states: "These are the sons of Seir the Horite, the inhabitants of the land: Lotan, Shobal, Zibeon, Anah, Dishon, Ezer, and Dishan. These are the chiefs of the Horites, the sons of Seir, in the land of Edom. The sons of Lotan were Hori and Hemam. Timna was Lotan’s sister."

This passage places Timna within the broader context of the Horite chiefs, indicating her familial connections to the ruling class of the Horites. Her mention as Lotan's sister suggests her significance within the family structure, although the biblical text does not provide extensive details about her life or actions.

Connection to Esau's Lineage

Timna's significance is further highlighted through her connection to Esau's lineage. In Genesis 36:12 , it is noted: "Additionally, Timna was a concubine of Esau’s son Eliphaz, and she bore him Amalek. These are the descendants of Esau’s wife Adah." This relationship positions Timna as the mother of Amalek, the progenitor of the Amalekites, a group that would later become significant in Israel's history as adversaries.

The mention of Timna as a concubine rather than a wife may reflect the social and familial dynamics of the time, where concubinage was a recognized practice. Her role as the mother of Amalek places her in a pivotal position within the narrative of the Edomite and Amalekite peoples.

Cultural and Historical Significance

Timna's account, though brief in the biblical text, provides insight into the complex interrelations between different groups in the ancient Near East. The Horites, Edomites, and Amalekites each played roles in the unfolding history of the region, and Timna's connections to these groups underscore the interconnectedness of the peoples mentioned in the Bible.

Her mention in the genealogies serves as a reminder of the intricate family ties that shaped the history and conflicts of the biblical world. The Amalekites, as descendants of Timna through Amalek, would later become a significant adversarial group to the Israelites, as seen in various biblical accounts, including the battles during the Exodus and the period of the judges.

Biblical References

· Genesis 36:12 : "Additionally, Timna was a concubine of Esau’s son Eliphaz, and she bore him Amalek. These are the descendants of Esau’s wife Adah."
· Genesis 36:20-22 : "These are the sons of Seir the Horite, the inhabitants of the land: Lotan, Shobal, Zibeon, Anah, Dishon, Ezer, and Dishan. These are the chiefs of the Horites, the sons of Seir, in the land of Edom. The sons of Lotan were Hori and Hemam. Timna was Lotan’s sister."

Timna's presence in the biblical narrative, though limited, provides a glimpse into the genealogical and historical complexities of the ancient world, highlighting the interconnectedness of various peoples and their lasting impact on biblical history.Genesis 36:22
And the children of Lotan were Hori and Hemam; and Lotan's sister was Timna.
Nave's Topical Index

1 Chronicles 1:39
And the sons of Lotan; Hori, and Homam: and Timna was Lotan's sister.
Nave's Topical Index

Chapter xxxvi
... Hori and Hemam; and the sister of Lotan was Timna. ... children of Anah: Dishon and
Oholibamah, the daughter of Anah. ... of the Horites in the land of Seir, chief by ...
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