Genesis 36:12
New International Version
Esau’s son Eliphaz also had a concubine named Timna, who bore him Amalek. These were grandsons of Esau’s wife Adah.

New Living Translation
Timna, the concubine of Esau’s son Eliphaz, gave birth to a son named Amalek. These are the descendants of Esau’s wife Adah.

English Standard Version
(Timna was a concubine of Eliphaz, Esau’s son; she bore Amalek to Eliphaz.) These are the sons of Adah, Esau’s wife.

Berean Standard Bible
Additionally, Timna, a concubine of Esau’s son Eliphaz, gave birth to Amalek. These are the grandsons of Esau’s wife Adah.

King James Bible
And Timna was concubine to Eliphaz Esau's son; and she bare to Eliphaz Amalek: these were the sons of Adah Esau's wife.

New King James Version
Now Timna was the concubine of Eliphaz, Esau’s son, and she bore Amalek to Eliphaz. These were the sons of Adah, Esau’s wife.

New American Standard Bible
Timna was a concubine of Esau’s son Eliphaz, and she bore Amalek to Eliphaz. These are the sons of Esau’s wife Adah.

NASB 1995
Timna was a concubine of Esau’s son Eliphaz and she bore Amalek to Eliphaz. These are the sons of Esau’s wife Adah.

NASB 1977
And Timna was a concubine of Esau’s son Eliphaz and she bore Amalek to Eliphaz. These are the sons of Esau’s wife Adah.

Legacy Standard Bible
Timna was a concubine of Esau’s son Eliphaz, and she bore Amalek to Eliphaz. These are the sons of Esau’s wife Adah.

Amplified Bible
And Timna was a concubine of Eliphaz, Esau’s son; and she bore Amalek to Eliphaz. These are the sons of Adah, Esau’s wife.

Christian Standard Bible
Timna, a concubine of Esau’s son Eliphaz, bore Amalek to Eliphaz. These are the sons of Esau’s wife Adah.

Holman Christian Standard Bible
Timna, a concubine of Esau’s son Eliphaz, bore Amalek to Eliphaz. These were the sons of Esau’s wife Adah.

American Standard Version
And Timna was concubine to Eliphaz Esau's son; and she bare to Eliphaz Amalek: these are the sons of Adah, Esau's wife.

English Revised Version
And Timna was concubine to Eliphaz Esau's son; and she bare to Eliphaz Amalek: these are the sons of Adah Esau's wife.

GOD'S WORD® Translation
Timna was a concubine of Esau's son Eliphaz. She gave birth to Amalek for Eliphaz. These were the grandsons of Esau's wife Adah.

International Standard Version
Timnah was a concubine of Esau's son Eliphaz. She bore Amalek to Eliphaz.

Majority Standard Bible
Additionally, Timna, a concubine of Esau?s son Eliphaz, gave birth to Amalek. These are the grandsons of Esau?s wife Adah.

NET Bible
Timna, a concubine of Esau's son Eliphaz, bore Amalek to Eliphaz. These were the sons of Esau's wife Adah.

New Heart English Bible
Timna was the secondary wife to Eliphaz, Esau?s son; and she bore to Eliphaz Amalek. These are the sons of Adah, Esau?s wife.

Webster's Bible Translation
And Timna was concubine to Eliphaz Esau's son; and she bore to Eliphaz Amalek: these were the sons of Adah Esau's wife.

World English Bible
Timna was concubine to Eliphaz, Esau’s son; and she bore to Eliphaz Amalek. These are the descendants of Adah, Esau’s wife.
Literal Translations
Literal Standard Version
and Timnath has been concubine to Eliphaz son of Esau, and she bears to Eliphaz, Amalek; these [are] sons of Adah wife of Esau.

Young's Literal Translation
and Timnath hath been concubine to Eliphaz son of Esau, and she beareth to Eliphaz, Amalek; these are sons of Adah wife of Esau.

Smith's Literal Translation
And Timna was concubine to Eliphaz, Esau's son; and she will bear to Eliphaz, Amalek; these the sons of Adah, Esau's wife.
Catholic Translations
Douay-Rheims Bible
And Thamna was the concubine of Eliphaz the son of Esau: and she bore him Amalech. These are the sons of Ada the wife of Esau.

Catholic Public Domain Version
Now Timna was the concubine of Eliphaz, the son of Esau. And she bore him Amalek. These are the sons of Adah, the wife of Esau.

New American Bible
Timna was a concubine of Eliphaz, the son of Esau, and she bore Amalek to Eliphaz. Those were the sons of Adah, the wife of Esau.

New Revised Standard Version
(Timna was a concubine of Eliphaz, Esau’s son; she bore Amalek to Eliphaz.) These were the sons of Adah, Esau’s wife.
Translations from Aramaic
Lamsa Bible
And Timna was a concubine of Eliphaz, Esau's son; and she bore to Eliphaz Amalek. These were the sons of Adah, Esau's wife.

Peshitta Holy Bible Translated
And Tamna was a concubine to Eliphaz, son of Esau, and she bore Amaleeq to Eliphaz; these are the children of Ada the wife of Esau.
OT Translations
JPS Tanakh 1917
And Timna was concubine to Eliphaz Esau's son; and she bore to Eliphaz Amalek. These are the sons of Adah Esau's wife.

Brenton Septuagint Translation
And Thamna was a concubine of Eliphaz, the son of Esau; and she bore Amalec to Eliphas. These are the sons of Ada, the wife of Esau.

Additional Translations ...
Audio Bible



Context
Esau's Descendants
11The sons of Eliphaz were Teman, Omar, Zepho, Gatam, and Kenaz. 12Additionally, Timna, a concubine of Esau’s son Eliphaz, gave birth to Amalek. These are the grandsons of Esau’s wife Adah. 13These are the sons of Reuel: Nahath, Zerah, Shammah, and Mizzah. They are the grandsons of Esau’s wife Basemath.…

Cross References
1 Chronicles 1:35-37
The sons of Esau: Eliphaz, Reuel, Jeush, Jalam, and Korah. / The sons of Eliphaz: Teman, Omar, Zepho, Gatam, and Kenaz; and by Timna, Amalek. / The sons of Reuel: Nahath, Zerah, Shammah, and Mizzah.

Exodus 17:8-16
After this, the Amalekites came and attacked the Israelites at Rephidim. / So Moses said to Joshua, “Choose some of our men and go out to fight the Amalekites. Tomorrow I will stand on the hilltop with the staff of God in my hand.” / Joshua did as Moses had instructed him and fought against the Amalekites, while Moses, Aaron, and Hur went up to the top of the hill. ...

Deuteronomy 25:17-19
Remember what the Amalekites did to you along your way from Egypt, / how they met you on your journey when you were tired and weary, and they attacked all your stragglers; they had no fear of God. / When the LORD your God gives you rest from the enemies around you in the land that He is giving you to possess as an inheritance, you are to blot out the memory of Amalek from under heaven. Do not forget!

1 Samuel 15:2-3
This is what the LORD of Hosts says: ‘I witnessed what the Amalekites did to the Israelites when they opposed them on their way up from Egypt. / Now go and attack the Amalekites and devote to destruction all that belongs to them. Do not spare them, but put to death men and women, children and infants, oxen and sheep, camels and donkeys.’”

1 Samuel 30:1-2
On the third day David and his men arrived in Ziklag, and the Amalekites had raided the Negev, attacked Ziklag, and burned it down. / They had taken captive the women and all who were there, both young and old. They had not killed anyone, but had carried them off as they went on their way.

2 Samuel 8:12
from Edom and Moab, from the Ammonites and Philistines and Amalekites, and from the spoil of Hadadezer son of Rehob, king of Zobah.

1 Chronicles 4:42-43
And five hundred of these Simeonites led by Pelatiah, Neariah, Rephaiah, and Uzziel, the sons of Ishi, went to Mount Seir / and struck down the remnant of the Amalekites who had escaped. And they have lived there to this day.

Psalm 83:6-8
the tents of Edom and the Ishmaelites, of Moab and the Hagrites, / of Gebal, Ammon, and Amalek, of Philistia with the people of Tyre. / Even Assyria has joined them, lending strength to the sons of Lot. Selah

Ezekiel 25:12-14
This is what the Lord GOD says: ‘Because Edom acted vengefully against the house of Judah, and in so doing incurred grievous guilt, / therefore this is what the Lord GOD says: I will stretch out My hand against Edom and cut off from it both man and beast. I will make it a wasteland, and from Teman to Dedan they will fall by the sword. / I will take My vengeance on Edom by the hand of My people Israel, and they will deal with Edom according to My anger and wrath. Then they will know My vengeance, declares the Lord GOD.’

Obadiah 1:8-10
In that day, declares the LORD, will I not destroy the wise men of Edom and the men of understanding in the mountains of Esau? / Then your mighty men, O Teman, will be terrified, so that everyone in the mountains of Esau will be cut down in the slaughter. / Because of the violence against your brother Jacob, you will be covered with shame and cut off forever.

Romans 9:10-13
Not only that, but Rebecca’s children were conceived by one man, our father Isaac. / Yet before the twins were born or had done anything good or bad, in order that God’s plan of election might stand, / not by works but by Him who calls, she was told, “The older will serve the younger.” ...

Hebrews 12:16-17
See to it that no one is sexually immoral, or is godless like Esau, who for a single meal sold his birthright. / For you know that afterward, when he wanted to inherit the blessing, he was rejected. He could find no ground for repentance, though he sought the blessing with tears.

Numbers 24:20
Then Balaam saw Amalek and lifted up an oracle, saying: “Amalek was first among the nations, but his end is destruction.”

Judges 3:13
After enlisting the Ammonites and Amalekites to join forces with him, Eglon attacked and defeated Israel, taking possession of the City of Palms.

1 Samuel 14:47-48
After Saul had assumed the kingship over Israel, he fought against all his enemies on every side—the Moabites, the Ammonites, the Edomites, the kings of Zobah, and the Philistines. Wherever he turned, he routed them. / He fought valiantly and defeated the Amalekites, delivering Israel from the hands of its plunderers.


Treasury of Scripture

And Timna was concubine to Eliphaz Esau's son; and she bore to Eliphaz Amalek: these were the sons of Adah Esau's wife.

Timna.

Genesis 36:22
And the children of Lotan were Hori and Hemam; and Lotan's sister was Timna.

1 Chronicles 1:36
The sons of Eliphaz; Teman, and Omar, Zephi, and Gatam, Kenaz, and Timna, and Amalek.

Amalek.

Genesis 36:16
Duke Korah, duke Gatam, and duke Amalek: these are the dukes that came of Eliphaz in the land of Edom; these were the sons of Adah.

Genesis 14:7
And they returned, and came to Enmishpat, which is Kadesh, and smote all the country of the Amalekites, and also the Amorites, that dwelt in Hazezontamar.

Exodus 17:8-16
Then came Amalek, and fought with Israel in Rephidim…

Jump to Previous
Adah Amalek Am'alek Bare Beareth Birth Bore Concubine Connection Eliphaz El'iphaz Esau Esau's Grandsons Timna Timnath Wife
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Adah Amalek Am'alek Bare Beareth Birth Bore Concubine Connection Eliphaz El'iphaz Esau Esau's Grandsons Timna Timnath Wife
Genesis 36
1. Esau's three wives.
6. His removal to mount Seir.
9. His sons.
15. The dukes which descended of his sons.
20. The sons and dukes of Seir the Horite.
24. Anah finds mules.
31. The kings of Edom.
40. The dukes that descended of Esau.














Additionally
This word indicates a continuation or addition to the genealogy previously mentioned. In the context of Genesis 36, it serves to expand on the lineage of Esau, emphasizing the completeness and complexity of his family tree. The Hebrew root for this word can imply an ongoing narrative, suggesting that the account of Esau's descendants is part of a larger, unfolding history.

Timna
Timna is introduced as a concubine, which in ancient Near Eastern culture, was a woman who lived with a man but had lower status than his wife or wives. The mention of Timna highlights the social structures and familial arrangements of the time. Historically, Timna is also noted as a sister of Lotan, a Horite chief, indicating her connection to the Horite people, who were inhabitants of the region of Seir.

a concubine
The role of a concubine in biblical times was significant, as it often involved bearing children who could inherit or play important roles in the family lineage. The Hebrew term for concubine, "pilegesh," reflects a recognized, albeit secondary, status within the household. This status is crucial in understanding the dynamics of Esau's family and the subsequent tribal developments.

of Esau’s son Eliphaz
Eliphaz is the firstborn son of Esau, and his name means "God is pure gold" or "God is fine gold," reflecting perhaps the hope or expectation placed upon him. Eliphaz's lineage is significant as it connects Esau's descendants to the Edomites, a group that plays a substantial role in Israel's history. The mention of Eliphaz here underscores the continuation of Esau's line through his sons.

bore Amalek
Amalek is a critical figure in biblical history, as he becomes the progenitor of the Amalekites, a people who would become perennial adversaries of Israel. The name Amalek may mean "dweller in a valley" or "people of lapping," possibly indicating a nomadic lifestyle. The birth of Amalek from a concubine highlights the complex and often contentious relationships between the descendants of Esau and the Israelites.

These were the sons of Esau’s wife Adah
This phrase ties the genealogy back to Adah, Esau's wife, emphasizing her role in the lineage. Adah's name means "ornament" or "adornment," and she is one of the two Canaanite women Esau married, which was a source of grief to his parents, Isaac and Rebekah. The mention of Adah here serves to legitimize the lineage and connect the descendants to Esau's primary family line.

(12) Amalek.--We have already read of the "field of the Amalekite" in Genesis 14:7. As Balaam describes Amalek as "the beginning of nations" (so the Heb., Numbers 24:20), the race can scarcely have had so ignoble an origin as to have sprung from a concubine of Eliphaz; for we gather from Amos 6:1 that the phrase used by Balaam implied precedence and nobility. It was, moreover, one of the most widely spread races of antiquity, occupying the whole country from Shur, on the borders of Egypt, to Havilah, in Arabia Felix. But probably there was a fusion of some of the Horites with the Amalekites, just as the Kenezites, under Caleb, were fused into the tribe of Judah. For in 1Chronicles 4:42-43, we find the Simeonites invading Mount Seir, and smiting Amalekites there. Of these Amalekites in Seir, Amalek, the grandson of Esau, was probably the founder; for in Genesis 36:16 he is called a duke, and therefore one district of the country would belong to his descendants, in the same manner as each son of Jacob had a territory called after his name. In this district the chiefs would be Semites of the race of Esau; the mass of the people a blended race of Horites. and Amalekites. There is no difficulty in the absence of their names from Genesis 10. Though Balaam magnified them, they were regarded by Israel, not as a nation, but as a hateful horde of plunderers.



Parallel Commentaries ...


Hebrew
Additionally, Timna,
וְתִמְנַ֣ע ׀ (wə·ṯim·na‘)
Conjunctive waw | Noun - proper - feminine singular
Strong's 8555: Timna -- an Edomite name

a concubine
פִילֶ֗גֶשׁ (p̄î·le·ḡeš)
Noun - feminine singular
Strong's 6370: A concubine, a paramour

of Esau’s
עֵשָׂ֔ו (‘ê·śāw)
Noun - proper - masculine singular
Strong's 6215: Esau -- oldest son of Isaac

son
בֶּן־ (ben-)
Noun - masculine singular construct
Strong's 1121: A son

Eliphaz,
לֶֽאֱלִיפַז֙ (le·’ĕ·lî·p̄az)
Preposition-l | Noun - proper - masculine singular
Strong's 464: Eliphaz -- 'God is fine gold', a son of Esau, also a friend of Job

gave birth to
וַתֵּ֥לֶד (wat·tê·leḏ)
Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person feminine singular
Strong's 3205: To bear young, to beget, medically, to act as midwife, to show lineage

Amalek.
עֲמָלֵ֑ק (‘ă·mā·lêq)
Noun - proper - masculine singular
Strong's 6002: Amalek -- a descendant of Esau, also his posterity

These
אֵ֕לֶּה (’êl·leh)
Pronoun - common plural
Strong's 428: These, those

are the grandsons
בְּנֵ֥י (bə·nê)
Noun - masculine plural construct
Strong's 1121: A son

of Esau’s
עֵשָֽׂו׃ (‘ê·śāw)
Noun - proper - masculine singular
Strong's 6215: Esau -- oldest son of Isaac

wife
אֵ֥שֶׁת (’ê·šeṯ)
Noun - feminine singular construct
Strong's 802: Woman, wife, female

Adah.
עָדָ֖ה (‘ā·ḏāh)
Noun - proper - feminine singular
Strong's 5711: Adah -- two non-Israelite women


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OT Law: Genesis 36:12 Timna was concubine to Eliphaz Esau's son (Gen. Ge Gn)
Genesis 36:11
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