Metals: Antiquity of the Art of Working In
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The art of working with metals is an ancient practice that is well-documented within the biblical narrative, reflecting the technological advancements and cultural practices of early civilizations. The Bible provides several references to the use and significance of metals, indicating their importance in both practical and symbolic contexts.

Early References and Developments

The earliest mention of metalworking in the Bible is found in Genesis 4:22, which states, "Zillah also gave birth to Tubal-cain, a forger of every implement of bronze and iron." This passage highlights Tubal-cain as a pioneer in the craft of metallurgy, suggesting that the knowledge and skill of working with metals were present from the earliest times of human civilization. The mention of both bronze and iron indicates a sophisticated understanding of different metals and their applications.

Metals in Construction and Craftsmanship

Metals played a crucial role in the construction and craftsmanship of significant biblical structures and artifacts. In the construction of the Tabernacle, detailed in the book of Exodus, metals such as gold, silver, and bronze were extensively used. Exodus 25:3-7 lists the offerings required for the Tabernacle, including "gold, silver, and bronze," which were used for various elements, from the Ark of the Covenant to the altar and utensils.

The use of metals in the Temple of Solomon further exemplifies their importance. 1 Kings 6:20-22 describes the inner sanctuary overlaid with pure gold, and 1 Kings 7:13-51 details the work of Hiram, a skilled craftsman in bronze, who fashioned the pillars, the Sea, and other bronze items for the Temple. These passages underscore the high value placed on metals in sacred architecture and religious artifacts.

Symbolism and Value

Metals in the Bible often carry symbolic meanings and are associated with wealth, strength, and divine purity. Gold, for instance, is frequently used to symbolize purity and holiness, as seen in its use in the Most Holy Place of the Tabernacle and Temple. Silver often represents redemption and atonement, as reflected in the silver shekels used for the atonement money in Exodus 30:11-16.

The prophetic literature also employs metals symbolically. In Daniel 2, Nebuchadnezzar's dream of a statue composed of various metals—gold, silver, bronze, iron, and clay—represents successive kingdoms, each with its own characteristics and strengths. This imagery illustrates the transient nature of earthly powers compared to the eternal kingdom of God.

Economic and Military Uses

Metals were not only significant in religious and symbolic contexts but also in economic and military applications. The wealth of a nation was often measured by its possession of precious metals. For example, 1 Kings 10:14-29 describes the wealth of Solomon, noting the vast amounts of gold and silver he accumulated.

In military contexts, metals were essential for the production of weapons and armor. Bronze and iron were particularly important for crafting swords, shields, and other implements of war. The Philistines' control over iron technology, as mentioned in 1 Samuel 13:19-22, gave them a significant advantage over the Israelites, who lacked the means to produce their own iron weapons.

Conclusion

The biblical references to metals and metalworking reflect the integral role these materials played in ancient societies. From their use in sacred spaces to their economic and military applications, metals were a vital part of the biblical world, symbolizing both material wealth and spiritual truths.
Torrey's Topical Textbook
Genesis 4:21
And his brother's name was Jubal: he was the father of all such as handle the harp and organ.
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Paracelsus {13}
... The reverence for classic antiquity, you must understand, which ... students busied
themselves over the transmutation of metals. ... which can teach the art of healing ...
/.../kingsley/historical lectures and essays/paracelsus 13.htm

Egypt
... a high culture and a knowledge of working in metals. ... the Old Empire, before the
conventionalised art of a ... and, alone among the nations of antiquity, humane to ...
/.../sayce/early israel and the surrounding nations/chapter v egypt.htm

Paul and Barnabas in Lystra.
... "Rabbi, we know, that thou art a teacher come ... of stone, and wood, and the precious
metals; and were ... The wisest and greatest men of antiquity were polytheists. ...
/.../dick/lectures on the acts of the apostles/lecture xv paul and barnabas.htm

Tiglath-Pileser iii. And the Organisation of the Assyrian Empire ...
... Genesis 4:22) shows the antiquity of the ironworker's art among the Israelites;
the smith is practically the only artisan to be found amongst nomadic tribes. ...
/.../chapter iitiglath-pileser iii and the.htm

Explanatory and Biographical
... hath that alchemy indeed of turning base metals into gold ... The heathen religions of
antiquity are similarly regarded as ... of the man, devoted to his art and his ...
/.../palgrave/the treasury of sacred song/explanatory and biographical.htm

The Memphite Empire
... A movable flagstone, working on a stone pivot, disguised it ... make of it a unique work
of art which may be compared with the most perfect products of antiquity. ...
/.../chapter iithe memphite empire.htm

The First Theban Empire
... him: "Hearken unto my words!"Thou art king over the ... of mining practised from immemorial
antiquity by the ... in combination with several other metals, from which ...
/.../chapter iiithe first theban empire.htm

The Nile and Egypt
... have been found established from all antiquity on the ... When the art of weaving became
common, a belt ... Metals were introduced into Egypt in very ancient times ...
/.../chapter i the nile and egypt.htm

Chaldaean Civilization
... to the waist, at all events while working indoors ... workmen: administrators of corn,
cattle, precious metals, wine and ... or with ordinary people, the art of writing ...
/.../chapter iiichaldaean civilization.htm

The Gods of Egypt
... our planets were known from all antiquity, and their ... Egyptians, often compared the
transmutation of metals to the ... divinity: they thought by their art to hasten ...
/.../chapter ii the gods of egypt.htm

Resources
Does the Bible mention Alexander the Great? | GotQuestions.org

What was the significance of the bronze laver? | GotQuestions.org

What is the meaning of Nebuchadnezzar's dream in Daniel 2? | GotQuestions.org

Bible ConcordanceBible DictionaryBible EncyclopediaTopical BibleBible Thesuarus
Subtopics

Metals

Metals: An Extensive Commerce In

Metals: Antiquity of the Art of Working In

Metals: Brass

Metals: Cast in Mould

Metals: Ceremonially Cleansed by Fire

Metals: Clay of Jordan Used for Moulding

Metals: Comparative Value of

Metals: Copper

Metals: Dug out of the Earth

Metals: Freed from Dross by Fire

Metals: Gold

Metals: Iron

Metals: Lead

Metals: Often Mixed With Dross

Metals: Silver

Metals: The Holy Land Abounded In

Metals: Tin

Related Terms

Mine (2991 Occurrences)

Metallurgy

Alloy

Mining

Lead (192 Occurrences)

Gold (429 Occurrences)

Tools (3 Occurrences)

Rust (7 Occurrences)

Refiner (10 Occurrences)

Dross (7 Occurrences)

Metal (69 Occurrences)

Crucible (3 Occurrences)

Copper (55 Occurrences)

Soap (4 Occurrences)

Money (284 Occurrences)

Crafts (2 Occurrences)

Try (84 Occurrences)

Zarephath (4 Occurrences)

Ore (5 Occurrences)

Ornament (23 Occurrences)

Lighting (9 Occurrences)

Water (4571 Occurrences)

Frost (9 Occurrences)

Founder (5 Occurrences)

File (1 Occurrence)

Founding (4 Occurrences)

Flux (26 Occurrences)

Forge (2 Occurrences)

Furnace (35 Occurrences)

Tile (1 Occurrence)

Tin (6 Occurrences)

Tester (5 Occurrences)

Transmit (2 Occurrences)

Tongs (6 Occurrences)

Refining (8 Occurrences)

Royalty (7 Occurrences)

Reflect (6 Occurrences)

Reduce (13 Occurrences)

Ring (33 Occurrences)

Refractory (7 Occurrences)

Refinement (1 Occurrence)

Essay (1 Occurrence)

Endure (90 Occurrences)

Expand (3 Occurrences)

Diana (5 Occurrences)

Drift (1 Occurrence)

Die (401 Occurrences)

Drawing (60 Occurrences)

Metal-tester's (1 Occurrence)

Pile (16 Occurrences)

Purity (16 Occurrences)

Purify (39 Occurrences)

Plate (34 Occurrences)

Purification (25 Occurrences)

Polish (1 Occurrence)

Bronze (146 Occurrences)

Brass (168 Occurrences)

Base (127 Occurrences)

Boss

Blue (51 Occurrences)

Couple (19 Occurrences)

Current (4 Occurrences)

Coral (3 Occurrences)

Anvil (1 Occurrence)

Assaying (1 Occurrence)

Ax (12 Occurrences)

Axe (19 Occurrences)

Artemis (5 Occurrences)

Axhead (1 Occurrence)

Allay

Ax-head

Aryan

Smith (7 Occurrences)

Silver (329 Occurrences)

Scale (38 Occurrences)

Scum (4 Occurrences)

Sweep (34 Occurrences)

Simplicity (12 Occurrences)

Metals: An Extensive Commerce In
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