Topical Bible: The Wicked are Compared to Bulls of Bashan

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The phrase "Bulls of Bashan" is a vivid biblical metaphor found in the Psalms, specifically in Psalm 22:12, where it is used to describe the wicked who surround and oppress the righteous. The region of Bashan, known for its fertile land and strong cattle, serves as an apt symbol for powerful and aggressive adversaries. In the Berean Standard Bible, Psalm 22:12 reads: "Many bulls surround me; strong bulls of Bashan encircle me."

Historical and Geographical Context

Bashan was a region located east of the Jordan River, known for its lush pastures and robust livestock. It was part of the territory allotted to the half-tribe of Manasseh (Joshua 13:29-31). The land's fertility made it an ideal place for raising cattle, and the "bulls of Bashan" became synonymous with strength and might. The region's reputation for producing formidable cattle is echoed in other biblical references, such as Amos 4:1, where the "cows of Bashan" are used metaphorically to describe the wealthy and oppressive women of Samaria.

Symbolism and Interpretation

In Psalm 22, the "bulls of Bashan" symbolize the fierce and relentless enemies of the psalmist, traditionally understood as King David. The psalm is a prophetic and messianic text, often associated with the suffering of Jesus Christ on the cross. The imagery of being surrounded by powerful bulls conveys a sense of being besieged by overwhelming and hostile forces. This metaphor highlights the intensity of the psalmist's distress and the formidable nature of his adversaries.

The use of animal imagery to describe the wicked is a common biblical motif. In this context, the bulls represent not only physical strength but also arrogance and brutality. The psalmist's cry for deliverance from such formidable foes underscores the need for divine intervention and protection.

Theological Implications

From a theological perspective, the comparison of the wicked to the "bulls of Bashan" serves as a reminder of the spiritual battles faced by the faithful. It emphasizes the reality of evil and the opposition that believers may encounter in their walk with God. The psalmist's plea for deliverance reflects a deep trust in God's power to save and vindicate His people.

The messianic interpretation of Psalm 22 further enriches this understanding. The suffering of Christ, surrounded by His enemies, is prefigured in the psalmist's experience. The "bulls of Bashan" thus become a symbol of the forces of evil that sought to destroy the Messiah, yet ultimately failed in the face of God's redemptive plan.

Application for Believers

For contemporary believers, the imagery of the "bulls of Bashan" serves as both a warning and an encouragement. It warns of the reality of spiritual opposition and the need for vigilance in the face of evil. At the same time, it encourages believers to rely on God's strength and deliverance, trusting that He is able to overcome even the most formidable adversaries.

In spiritual warfare, the faithful are called to stand firm, clothed in the armor of God (Ephesians 6:10-18), confident that the Lord is their refuge and strength. The metaphor of the "bulls of Bashan" thus becomes a powerful reminder of the victory that is found in Christ, who has triumphed over sin and death.

Torrey's Topical Textbook

Psalm 22:12
Many bulls have compassed me: strong bulls of Bashan have beset me round.
Torrey's Topical Textbook

Library

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His Name --Wonderful!
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/.../spurgeon/spurgeons sermons volume 4 1858/his namewonderful.htm

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are called bulls, bears, lions ... which both the law and the gospel is compared. ...
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The Medes and the Second Chaldaean Empire
... The name Kushtashpi has been compared with that ... dry, and drieth up all the rivers:
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/.../chapter iiithe medes and the.htm