Micah 6:8
He has shown you, O man, what is good. And what does the LORD require of you but to act justly, to love mercy, and to walk humbly with your God?

Matthew 22:37-39
Jesus reiterates the greatest commandments, emphasizing love for God and neighbor.

Romans 2:29
Paul speaks of circumcision of the heart by the Spirit, not by the written code.The Renewal of the Covenant
Deuteronomy 10 begins with God instructing Moses to chisel out two stone tablets like the first ones and come up to Him on the mountain. This signifies God's willingness to renew His covenant despite Israel's previous rebellion (Deuteronomy 10:1-5).

God's Requirements
Moses succinctly outlines what God requires: And now, O Israel, what does the LORD your God ask of you but to fear the LORD your God, to walk in all His ways, to love Him, to serve the LORD your God with all your heart and with all your soul (Deuteronomy 10:12).

The Call to Circumcise the Heart
The physical act of circumcision is a metaphor for a deeper spiritual reality. God desires a heart that is open and responsive to Him: Circumcise your hearts, therefore, and stiffen your necks no more (Deuteronomy 10:16).

God's Justice and Love
God is described as the one who executes justice for the fatherless and widow, and who loves the foreigner, giving him food and clothing (Deuteronomy 10:18). This highlights God's character and His call for His people to reflect His justice and love.

The Greatness of God
The chapter concludes with a reminder of God's greatness and His mighty deeds, encouraging the Israelites to remember their history and God's faithfulness (Deuteronomy 10:21-22).Reflect on God's Requirements
Regularly assess your life in light of God's requirements to fear, love, and serve Him wholeheartedly.

Cultivate a Responsive Heart
Seek to circumcise your heart by being open to God's leading and willing to change.

Emulate God's Justice and Love
Actively look for ways to serve and support the marginalized in your community, reflecting God's heart for justice.

Remember God's Faithfulness
Keep a journal of God's faithfulness in your life to encourage you during challenging times.1. Moses
Moses is the central figure in Deuteronomy 10. He is the leader of the Israelites and the one who receives the tablets of the Ten Commandments from God. In this chapter, Moses recounts how he made a second set of tablets after the first were broken and how he placed them in the ark. The Hebrew name "מֹשֶׁה" (Moshe) is used for Moses.

2. The LORD (Yahweh)
Referred to as "the LORD" in the BSB, Yahweh is the God of Israel who commands Moses to chisel out two stone tablets like the first ones and come up to Him on the mountain. Yahweh is the one who inscribed the Ten Commandments on the tablets. The Hebrew name "יְהוָה" (YHWH) is used for the LORD.

3. Aaron
Aaron is mentioned in the context of his death and burial at Moserah. He was the brother of Moses and the first high priest of Israel. The Hebrew name "אַהֲרֹן" (Aharon) is used for Aaron.

4. The Levites
The Levites are mentioned as the tribe chosen by God to carry the ark of the covenant, to stand before the LORD to minister, and to pronounce blessings in His name. The Hebrew term "לֵוִי" (Levi) refers to the tribe of Levi.1. Mount Horeb
Mount Horeb is where Moses received the Ten Commandments from God. In Deuteronomy 10:1, it is mentioned as the place where God instructed Moses to chisel out two stone tablets like the first ones and come up the mountain. Horeb is often equated with Mount Sinai, and it holds great significance as a place of divine revelation and covenant.

2. Ark of the Covenant
While not a geographical location, the Ark of the Covenant is mentioned in Deuteronomy 10:3 as the sacred chest that Moses was instructed to make from acacia wood to house the stone tablets. The Ark represents God's presence and covenant with Israel and is central to their worship and identity.

3. Beeroth Bene-jaakan
In Deuteronomy 10:6, Beeroth Bene-jaakan is mentioned as one of the places where the Israelites camped during their wilderness journey. The name means "Wells of the Sons of Jaakan," indicating a location with water sources, which were crucial for the Israelites' survival in the desert.

4. Moserah
Also in Deuteronomy 10:6, Moserah is noted as the place where Aaron died and was buried. It is a significant location marking the transition of the priesthood from Aaron to his son Eleazar.

5. Gudgodah
Mentioned in Deuteronomy 10:7, Gudgodah is another campsite for the Israelites. The name is thought to mean "a place of cutting" or "a quarry," possibly indicating a rocky or rugged terrain.

6. Jotbathah
Also in Deuteronomy 10:7, Jotbathah is described as a land with streams of water. This would have been a place of refreshment and sustenance for the Israelites, highlighting God's provision during their journey.1. Renewal of the Tablets
God instructs Moses to chisel out two stone tablets like the first ones and come up to Him on the mountain. This event signifies the renewal of the covenant after the breaking of the first tablets. The Hebrew word for "tablets" is "לֻחֹת" (luchot), emphasizing the physical representation of God's law (Deuteronomy 10:1-2).

2. Construction of the Ark
Moses is commanded to make an ark of wood to house the tablets. This ark, known as the Ark of the Covenant, symbolizes God's presence and the sacredness of His commandments (Deuteronomy 10:3).

3. Writing of the Commandments
God writes the Ten Commandments on the new tablets, just as He did on the first ones. This act reaffirms the importance and permanence of God's law (Deuteronomy 10:4).

4. Placement of the Tablets in the Ark
Moses places the tablets in the ark, as instructed by God. This event highlights the centrality of the law in the life of Israel (Deuteronomy 10:5).

5. Journey from Beeroth Bene-jaakan to Moserah
The Israelites travel from Beeroth Bene-jaakan to Moserah, where Aaron dies and is buried. This marks a significant transition in leadership and the continuation of their journey (Deuteronomy 10:6).

6. Appointment of the Levites
The Levites are set apart to carry the Ark of the Covenant, to stand before the LORD, and to minister to Him. This establishes the Levitical priesthood and their unique role in worship and service (Deuteronomy 10:8-9).

7. Moses' Intercession
Moses recounts how he stayed on the mountain for forty days and nights, interceding for the people, and how God listened to him. This underscores the importance of intercession and God's mercy (Deuteronomy 10:10).

8. Call to Obedience
God commands the Israelites to fear Him, walk in His ways, love Him, and serve Him with all their heart and soul. This call to obedience is central to the covenant relationship (Deuteronomy 10:12-13).

9. God's Sovereignty and Love
The passage emphasizes God's sovereignty over heaven and earth and His love for the patriarchs, choosing their descendants as His people. This highlights the grace and election of God (Deuteronomy 10:14-15).

10. Circumcision of the Heart
The Israelites are urged to circumcise their hearts and no longer be stiff-necked. This metaphorical language points to an inner transformation and commitment to God (Deuteronomy 10:16).

11. God's Justice and Compassion
God is described as the great, mighty, and awesome God who shows no partiality and defends the cause of the fatherless and widow. This reflects His character of justice and compassion (Deuteronomy 10:17-18).

12. Call to Love the Sojourner
The Israelites are commanded to love the sojourner, as they were once sojourners in Egypt. This commandment emphasizes empathy and the extension of God's love to others (Deuteronomy 10:19).

13. Fear and Serve the LORD
The chapter concludes with a call to fear, serve, and hold fast to the LORD, acknowledging His mighty deeds and the wonders He performed for Israel. This reinforces the covenantal relationship and the response of worship (Deuteronomy 10:20-22).1. The New Tablets of Stone
In Deuteronomy 10:1-5, God instructs Moses to chisel out two new stone tablets like the first ones and come up to Him on the mountain. This signifies the renewal of the covenant after the breaking of the first tablets. The Hebrew word for "tablets" is "לֻחוֹת" (luchot), emphasizing the physical representation of God's law.

2. The Ark of the Covenant
Verses 3-5 describe the construction of an ark made of acacia wood to house the tablets. The Hebrew term "אֲרוֹן" (aron) is used for "ark," symbolizing God's presence and covenant with Israel.

3. The Journey of the Israelites
In verses 6-7, the passage recounts the journey of the Israelites, including the death of Aaron and the succession of his son Eleazar as priest. This highlights the continuity of the priestly line and God's guidance.

4. The Role of the Levites
Verse 8 discusses the special role of the Levites, chosen to carry the ark, minister before the Lord, and pronounce blessings. The Hebrew root "לֵוִי" (Levi) signifies their set-apart status for divine service.

5. Moses' Intercession
In verse 10, Moses recounts his intercession for the Israelites, emphasizing God's mercy and willingness to listen to prayer. The Hebrew root "פָּלַל" (palal) for "intercede" underscores the act of mediation.

6. The Call to Fear and Love God
Verses 12-13 call the Israelites to fear the Lord, walk in His ways, love Him, and serve Him with all their heart and soul. The Hebrew word "יָרֵא" (yare) for "fear" conveys reverence and awe.

7. God's Sovereignty and Love
Verses 14-15 affirm God's sovereignty over heaven and earth and His special love for the ancestors of Israel. The Hebrew root "אָהַב" (ahav) for "love" highlights God's covenantal affection.

8. Circumcision of the Heart
Verse 16 calls for the circumcision of the heart, a metaphor for spiritual renewal and commitment. The Hebrew term "מִילָה" (milah) for "circumcision" is used figuratively to denote inner transformation.

9. God's Justice and Compassion
Verses 17-18 describe God as mighty, just, and compassionate, showing no partiality and defending the cause of the fatherless and widow. The Hebrew root "שָׁפַט" (shafat) for "justice" emphasizes His righteous governance.

10. The Call to Love the Sojourner
Verse 19 commands the Israelites to love the sojourner, reflecting God's love for them when they were strangers in Egypt. The Hebrew word "גֵּר" (ger) for "sojourner" underscores the call to empathy and hospitality.

11. The Praise and Worship of God
Verses 20-22 conclude with a call to fear, serve, and hold fast to God, praising Him for His mighty deeds. The Hebrew root "עָבַד" (avad) for "serve" indicates worship and devotion.1. Renewal of the Covenant
Deuteronomy 10 begins with God instructing Moses to chisel out two stone tablets like the first ones and come up to Him on the mountain. This signifies the renewal of the covenant after the breaking of the first tablets. The Hebrew word for "covenant" (בְּרִית, ^berit^) underscores the binding agreement between God and Israel.

2. God’s Sovereignty and Majesty
The chapter emphasizes God's greatness and sovereignty, describing Him as "God of gods and Lord of lords, the great, mighty, and awesome God" (Deuteronomy 10:17). The Hebrew words used here, such as אֱלֹהִים (^Elohim^) and אֲדֹנִים (^Adonim^), highlight His supreme authority and power.

3. Call to Fear and Love God
The Israelites are called to fear the Lord, walk in His ways, love Him, and serve Him with all their heart and soul (Deuteronomy 10:12). The Hebrew word for "fear" (יָרֵא, ^yare^) conveys a sense of reverence and awe, while "love" (אָהַב, ^ahav^) indicates a deep, covenantal affection.

4. Obedience to God’s Commandments
The chapter stresses the importance of keeping God's commandments and statutes for the Israelites' own good (Deuteronomy 10:13). The Hebrew term for "commandments" (מִצְוֹת, ^mitzvot^) refers to the divine laws given to guide the moral and spiritual conduct of the people.

5. God’s Justice and Impartiality
God is described as one who "shows no partiality and accepts no bribe" (Deuteronomy 10:17). The Hebrew word for "partiality" (פָּנִים, ^panim^) implies favoritism, which God does not practice, emphasizing His just nature.

6. Care for the Vulnerable
The text highlights God's care for the vulnerable, including the fatherless, the widow, and the foreigner, commanding the Israelites to love the foreigner as they were once foreigners in Egypt (Deuteronomy 10:18-19). The Hebrew word for "foreigner" (גֵּר, ^ger^) refers to a resident alien or sojourner, underscoring the call to compassion and justice.

7. Circumcision of the Heart
The Israelites are urged to "circumcise the foreskin of your hearts" (Deuteronomy 10:16), which symbolizes a call to inner transformation and purity. The Hebrew term for "circumcise" (מוּל, ^mul^) is used metaphorically to indicate spiritual renewal and commitment to God.1. How do we reconcile Deuteronomy 10:1–2’s account of carving new tablets with the lack of any archaeological evidence for either set of tablets?

2. Why does Deuteronomy 10:6–7 place Aaron’s death at Moserah when Numbers 20:27–28 records it occurred on Mount Hor?

3. How does Deuteronomy 10:8’s statement that Levi had no land inheritance align with inherited lands described in other biblical texts?

4. Why does Deuteronomy 10:19 command love for foreigners while other passages in Deuteronomy mandate severe treatment of certain nations?

5. How can we verify the historical authenticity of the events in Deuteronomy 10 when there is minimal supporting evidence outside the text?

1. Why did God choose to renew the covenant despite Israel's disobedience?

2. What does the act of crafting the second set of tablets signify in the larger narrative?

3. How does the selection of the Levites for priestly duties highlight God's redemption?

4. What is the significance of the call to "circumcise your hearts"?

5. Why is the reminder of Israel’s past as slaves in Egypt important in this chapter?

6. How do the demands of God in verses 12-22 challenge conventional notions of obedience?

7. In what ways is the essence of God's commandments beyond mere ritual?

8. How can we apply the lessons of humility and service in our modern lives?

9. How does loving and serving God wholeheartedly manifest in today's society?

10. In what ways can you "circumcise" your heart in your current life circumstances?

11. How does the call to "love the foreigner" speak into today’s context of global migration and refugee crises?

12. What does it mean to fear God, and how does this intertwine with loving Him?

13. How can we continuously remind ourselves of God's elective love in our lives?

14. How does the story of Moses' intercession challenge our own prayer lives?

15. What elements in this chapter show God's balance of justice and mercy?

16. How do our personal failings and "broken tablets" become opportunities for renewal?

17. Why is remembering our personal histories and past struggles vital in our relationship with God?

18. How can we foster an environment of obedience based on love rather than fear or compulsion?

19. How does the essence of this chapter relate to the New Testament teachings on grace and relationship with God?

20. Drawing from this chapter, how can we develop a holistic approach to faith that marries both our beliefs and our actions?