Romans 8:28
And we know that God works all things together for the good of those who love Him, who are called according to His purpose. This verse reinforces the theme of God's providence and timing.

James 4:6
But He gives us more grace. This is why it says: 'God opposes the proud, but gives grace to the humble.' This connects to the theme of humility and pride seen in Esther 6.

Proverbs 16:9
A man’s heart plans his course, but the LORD determines his steps. This verse highlights God's sovereignty over human plans.Divine Providence
Esther 6:1 begins with King Xerxes' insomnia, which leads him to read the chronicles and discover Mordecai's unrewarded loyalty. This seemingly random event is a clear example of God's providence. That night sleep escaped the king, so he ordered the book of the chronicles, the record of his reign, to be brought in and read to him (Esther 6:1).

God's Timing
The timing of the king's discovery is crucial. Just as Haman plans to execute Mordecai, the king learns of Mordecai's past service. This highlights how God's timing is perfect, even when it seems delayed to us.

Reversal of Fortune
Haman's plan to honor himself backfires as he is forced to honor Mordecai instead. So Haman took the robe and the horse, robed Mordecai, and led him on horseback through the city streets, proclaiming before him, 'This is what is done for the man whom the king is delighted to honor!' (Esther 6:11). This reversal underscores the biblical theme that God opposes the proud but gives grace to the humble.

Humility and Pride
Haman's pride leads to his downfall, while Mordecai's humility is rewarded. This chapter serves as a reminder of the dangers of pride and the virtue of humility.Trust in God's Timing
When facing challenges or delays, remember that God's timing is perfect. Trust that He is working behind the scenes for your good.

Recognize God's Hand in Daily Life
Be attentive to the seemingly small or random events in your life, as they may be part of God's greater plan.

Cultivate Humility
Reflect on areas of pride in your life and seek to cultivate humility, knowing that God honors the humble.

Be Faithful in Small Things
Like Mordecai, be faithful in your duties, even if they seem unnoticed. God sees and will reward your faithfulness in His time.1. King Ahasuerus
The Persian king who is central to the events of the Book of Esther. In Esther 6, he is unable to sleep and orders the book of chronicles to be read to him, leading to the discovery of Mordecai's unrewarded service. The Hebrew name for Ahasuerus is אֲחַשְׁוֵרוֹשׁ (Achashverosh).

2. Mordecai
A Jew living in Susa, the capital of Persia, and the cousin and guardian of Esther. In this chapter, it is revealed that he previously saved the king from an assassination plot, which had gone unrewarded until now. His name in Hebrew is מָרְדֳּכַי (Mordochai).

3. Haman
The antagonist of the story, a high-ranking official in the Persian empire who harbors a deep hatred for Mordecai and the Jewish people. In Esther 6, he is humiliated when he is forced to honor Mordecai, whom he intended to execute. His name in Hebrew is הָמָן (Haman).1. The King's Palace
The events of Esther 6 unfold within the royal palace of King Ahasuerus. This is where the king resides and conducts his affairs. The palace serves as the central location for the unfolding drama, including the reading of the chronicles and the subsequent honoring of Mordecai. The Hebrew term for palace, "בִּירָה" (birah), indicates a fortified complex, emphasizing the grandeur and security of the king's residence.

2. The Courtyard
Haman enters the courtyard of the king's palace early in the morning to speak with the king about hanging Mordecai. The courtyard is a significant place of access to the king, indicating a space where officials and visitors might wait for an audience. The Hebrew word "חָצֵר" (chatser) refers to an enclosed area, often used for gatherings or as a waiting area before entering the more private sections of the palace.1. The King's Sleepless Night
King Ahasuerus experiences a sleepless night and decides to have the book of chronicles, the record of his reign, read to him. This event is significant as it sets the stage for the unfolding of God's providence. The Hebrew root for "sleepless" (נָדַד, nadad) implies a restlessness that leads to divine intervention.

2. Discovery of Mordecai's Deed
As the chronicles are read, it is discovered that Mordecai had previously saved the king from an assassination plot. The king realizes that Mordecai has not been rewarded for this act of loyalty. This highlights the theme of divine justice and timing.

3. King's Inquiry About Honor
King Ahasuerus asks his servants what honor or dignity has been bestowed on Mordecai for his service. The servants inform him that nothing has been done, emphasizing the oversight that God is about to rectify.

4. Haman's Arrival
Haman enters the king's court early in the morning to speak to the king about hanging Mordecai. Unbeknownst to him, the king has other plans. This irony underscores the reversal of fortunes that is central to the narrative.

5. King's Question to Haman
The king asks Haman, "What should be done for the man whom the king desires to honor?" Haman, thinking the king intends to honor him, suggests an elaborate public display of honor. The Hebrew word for "honor" (יָקַר, yaqar) conveys the idea of weightiness and value.

6. Haman's Proposal
Haman suggests that the man should be dressed in royal robes, ride the king's horse, and be led through the city square with proclamations of honor. This proposal reflects Haman's pride and self-centeredness.

7. King's Command to Honor Mordecai
The king instructs Haman to do exactly as he proposed, but for Mordecai the Jew. This unexpected turn of events is a pivotal moment of divine justice and irony.

8. Haman's Humiliation
Haman is forced to honor Mordecai publicly, leading him through the city square. This event marks the beginning of Haman's downfall and serves as a powerful example of God's sovereignty and justice.

9. Mordecai's Return to the King's Gate
After the honor, Mordecai returns to his position at the king's gate, demonstrating his humility and faithfulness. The Hebrew term for "gate" (שַׁעַר, sha'ar) often symbolizes authority and governance.

10. Haman's Mourning
Haman rushes home in mourning and with his head covered, sharing his humiliation with his wife and friends. This foreshadows his impending doom and the fulfillment of divine retribution.1. The King's Sleepless Night
The chapter begins with King Xerxes experiencing a sleepless night. To pass the time, he orders the book of chronicles, the record of his reign, to be read to him. This event sets the stage for the unfolding of God's providence. The Hebrew word for "chronicles" (דִּבְרֵי הַיָּמִים, divrei hayamim) emphasizes the importance of recorded history in God's plan.

2. Mordecai's Unrewarded Loyalty
As the chronicles are read, the king is reminded of Mordecai's previous act of loyalty in uncovering a plot against the king's life. The king realizes that Mordecai has not been rewarded for this deed. This highlights the biblical principle of justice and the eventual recognition of righteous acts.

3. Haman's Arrival and Misinterpretation
Haman enters the king's court early in the morning, intending to request Mordecai's execution. However, before he can speak, the king asks him how to honor someone deserving of recognition. Haman, in his pride, assumes the king intends to honor him, showcasing the theme of pride leading to downfall.

4. The King's Instructions for Honoring Mordecai
The king instructs Haman to honor Mordecai by dressing him in royal robes and leading him on the king's horse through the city square, proclaiming his honor. This ironic twist demonstrates God's sovereignty and the reversal of human plans.

5. Haman's Humiliation
Haman is forced to carry out the king's orders, honoring Mordecai, whom he despises. This public humiliation is a turning point in the narrative, illustrating the biblical theme of the proud being humbled (Proverbs 16:18).

6. Mordecai's Return to the King's Gate
After being honored, Mordecai returns to his position at the king's gate, maintaining his humility and dedication to his duties. This reflects the Hebrew concept of "hesed" (חֶסֶד), or steadfast loyalty and kindness.

7. Haman's Distress and Counsel from His Wife and Friends
Haman returns home in mourning and recounts the day's events to his wife and friends. They ominously predict his downfall, recognizing that Mordecai's Jewish heritage signifies divine favor. This foreshadows the ultimate triumph of God's people and the fulfillment of His promises.1. Divine Providence
Esther 6 highlights the theme of divine providence, where God's unseen hand orchestrates events for His purposes. The king's insomnia leads to the reading of the chronicles, which reveals Mordecai's unrewarded service. This aligns with the Hebrew concept of "hashgacha pratit" (השגחה פרטית), meaning personal divine supervision.

2. Reversal of Fortunes
The chapter illustrates a dramatic reversal of fortunes, a common biblical theme. Haman, who sought to honor himself, is instead tasked with honoring Mordecai. This reflects the biblical principle found in Proverbs 16:18, "Pride goes before destruction, and a haughty spirit before a fall."

3. Justice and Reward
The theme of justice and reward is evident as Mordecai is finally recognized for saving the king's life. The Hebrew root "שָׁלַם" (shalom), meaning to make whole or to reward, underlines the idea of recompense for good deeds.

4. Irony and Humiliation
Irony plays a significant role in Esther 6, as Haman's plans for Mordecai's downfall lead to his own humiliation. The narrative demonstrates how God can use irony to humble the proud, as seen in Haman's forced honor of Mordecai.

5. God's Timing
The chapter underscores the importance of God's perfect timing. The king's decision to honor Mordecai occurs just before Haman's plot against him could be executed. This theme is encapsulated in Ecclesiastes 3:1, "To everything there is a season, and a time for every purpose under heaven."1. Esther 6:1—Is there any historical evidence outside the Bible that Persian kings relied on royal chronicles to make important decisions, or is this narrative purely literary?

2. Esther 6:2—Why is there no extra-biblical record of Mordecai’s act to foil an assassination plot, if such an event would likely have been recorded by Persian scribes?

3. Esther 6:3–4—Could it be just a coincidence that the king had insomnia precisely when Mordecai’s loyalty was mentioned, or does this suggest a legendary or embellished tale?

4. Esther 6:8–9—Why would the king grant such a lavish honor to someone merely for reporting a plot; does this align with known Persian customs or does it raise doubts about historical accuracy?

5. How can modern readers reconcile Esther 6's miraculous timing and outcomes with skepticism about divine intervention and the absence of God in the book?

1. How does Esther Chapter 6 illustrate the concept of divine providence?

2. What does the chapter teach about humility and pride?

3. What role does irony play in the narrative of Esther Chapter 6?

4. How does the chapter exemplify the concept of "reaping what you sow"?

5. In what ways is the timing of events significant in this chapter?

6. How do the reactions of Haman and Mordecai to the events of this chapter speak to their character?

7. What does this chapter suggest about the power and importance of historical records?

8. How can we see God's hand in the sleepless night of King Xerxes?

9. How might the story of Mordecai’s honor affect the way you interpret your current circumstances?

10. How does Haman's assumption about who the king wants to honor reflect his pride? Have you ever made assumptions that led to misunderstandings?

11. How does Haman's plan to honor Mordecai provide an example of the adage "pride comes before a fall"?

12. How do the events of this chapter alter the power dynamics between Haman, Mordecai, and King Xerxes?

13. What might you learn from Mordecai’s steadfastness, and how could you apply this to your life?

14. Can you think of a time when you had to honor someone you disliked? How did it feel, and how did you handle it?

15. How do you respond when good things happen to people you think do not deserve them?

16. What lesson on godly character can you learn from the contrasts between Mordecai and Haman?

17. How can you apply the concept of divine providence in your personal decision-making?

18. How does this chapter show the importance of recognizing and appreciating good deeds?

19. Have you ever been humbled in a way that was difficult but ultimately good for you?

20. How does Esther Chapter 6 guide you to handle situations when you feel overlooked or unrewarded for your good deeds?