Hebrews 9:11-15
This passage explains how Christ's sacrifice is the fulfillment of the old covenant, offering eternal redemption through His blood.

Matthew 26:28
Jesus refers to His blood as the blood of the covenant, linking His sacrifice to the covenant established in Exodus 24.

Psalm 24:3-4
These verses remind us of the purity and holiness required to stand in God's presence, echoing the reverence seen in Exodus 24.The Covenant Confirmed
Exodus 24:3-8 describes the formal ratification of the covenant between God and Israel. Moses reads the Book of the Covenant to the people, and they respond, All that the LORD has spoken we will do, and we will be obedient (Exodus 24:7). This highlights the importance of obedience in our relationship with God.

The Blood of the Covenant
Moses uses the blood of sacrificed animals to seal the covenant, sprinkling it on the altar and the people (Exodus 24:6-8). This act foreshadows the ultimate sacrifice of Jesus Christ, whose blood establishes the new covenant for the forgiveness of sins.

The Divine Encounter
Moses, Aaron, Nadab, Abihu, and seventy elders ascend the mountain and see a manifestation of God (Exodus 24:9-11). They behold God and eat and drink in His presence, signifying fellowship and communion with the Divine.

Moses on the Mountain
Moses is called further up the mountain to receive the tablets of stone, the law, and the commandments (Exodus 24:12). This emphasizes the importance of receiving God's Word and instructions directly from Him.

The Glory of the LORD
The chapter concludes with the glory of the LORD settling on Mount Sinai, and Moses entering the cloud to commune with God for forty days and nights (Exodus 24:15-18). This underscores the holiness and majesty of God’s presence.Commitment to Obedience
Just as the Israelites committed to obeying God's commands, we too should strive to live in obedience to His Word.

Understanding the Sacrifice
Reflect on the significance of Christ's sacrifice, which fulfills and surpasses the old covenant, offering us redemption and a personal relationship with God.

Seeking God's Presence
Like Moses and the elders, we should seek to experience God's presence in our lives through prayer, worship, and meditation on His Word.

Receiving God's Word
Prioritize time to study and understand the Scriptures, allowing God to speak to us and guide our lives.1. Moses
Moses is the central figure in this chapter, serving as the leader of the Israelites and the mediator between God and the people. He is instructed by God to come up the mountain to receive the tablets of stone with the law and commandments.

2. Aaron
Aaron is Moses' brother and the high priest of Israel. He accompanies Moses partway up the mountain and is left in charge of the people along with Hur when Moses ascends further.

3. Nadab
Nadab is one of Aaron's sons. He is mentioned as part of the group that goes up the mountain with Moses, Aaron, and the elders of Israel.

4. Abihu
Abihu is another son of Aaron. Like Nadab, he is part of the group that ascends the mountain to witness the presence of God.

5. Seventy Elders of Israel
These elders represent the people of Israel and accompany Moses, Aaron, Nadab, and Abihu up the mountain. They witness a vision of God and partake in a covenant meal.

6. Joshua
Although not explicitly mentioned in the initial verses of Exodus 24, Joshua is later referenced in verse 13 as Moses' assistant who accompanies him further up the mountain.1. Mount Sinai
Mount Sinai is the central location in Exodus 24 where Moses, Aaron, Nadab, Abihu, and the seventy elders of Israel ascend to meet with God. It is a significant place of divine revelation and covenant-making. In Hebrew, it is referred to as "הַר סִינַי" (Har Sinai).

2. The Mountain
This term is used interchangeably with Mount Sinai in the chapter. It emphasizes the sacredness and the elevated nature of the place where God communicates with Moses and the leaders of Israel. The mountain serves as a physical and spiritual high point in the narrative.1. God Calls Moses, Aaron, Nadab, Abihu, and the Seventy Elders
God instructs Moses to come up the mountain with Aaron, Nadab, Abihu, and seventy of the elders of Israel to worship from afar. (Exodus 24:1)

2. Moses Communicates God's Words and Ordinances
Moses relays all the words and ordinances of the LORD to the people, and they respond with a commitment to obey. (Exodus 24:3)

3. The People Affirm the Covenant
The people unanimously agree to do everything the LORD has spoken. This reflects the Hebrew concept of "covenant" (בְּרִית, berit), a binding agreement. (Exodus 24:3)

4. Moses Writes Down the Words of the LORD
Moses writes down all the words of the LORD, preserving the covenant in written form. (Exodus 24:4)

5. The Construction of an Altar and Twelve Pillars
Moses builds an altar at the foot of the mountain and sets up twelve pillars representing the twelve tribes of Israel. (Exodus 24:4)

6. The Offering of Sacrifices
Young Israelite men offer burnt offerings and sacrifice young bulls as peace offerings to the LORD. (Exodus 24:5)

7. The Sprinkling of Blood
Moses takes half of the blood and puts it in bowls, and the other half he sprinkles on the altar. This act signifies purification and consecration. (Exodus 24:6)

8. Reading of the Book of the Covenant
Moses reads the Book of the Covenant to the people, and they again affirm their commitment to obey. (Exodus 24:7)

9. The Blood of the Covenant
Moses sprinkles the blood on the people, declaring it as the blood of the covenant that the LORD has made with them. This act is foundational in the Hebrew understanding of covenantal relationships. (Exodus 24:8)

10. The Vision of God
Moses, Aaron, Nadab, Abihu, and the seventy elders ascend the mountain and see a vision of God. They see a pavement of sapphire beneath His feet, yet God does not harm them. (Exodus 24:9-11)

11. Moses Called to Ascend Further
The LORD calls Moses to ascend further up the mountain to receive the tablets of stone with the law and commandments. (Exodus 24:12)

12. Moses and Joshua Ascend the Mountain
Moses, accompanied by his assistant Joshua, ascends the mountain of God. (Exodus 24:13)

13. Moses Entrusts Leadership to the Elders
Moses instructs the elders to wait for them and appoints Aaron and Hur to resolve any disputes. (Exodus 24:14)

14. The Glory of the LORD on Mount Sinai
The glory of the LORD settles on Mount Sinai, and a cloud covers it for six days. On the seventh day, God calls to Moses from within the cloud. (Exodus 24:15-16)

15. Moses Enters the Cloud
Moses enters the cloud and remains on the mountain for forty days and forty nights, signifying a period of divine revelation and instruction. (Exodus 24:18)1. The Covenant Confirmed (Exodus 24:1-8)
In this section, God instructs Moses to come up the mountain with Aaron, Nadab, Abihu, and seventy of the elders of Israel to worship from afar. Moses writes down all the words of the LORD and builds an altar at the foot of the mountain. Young men offer burnt offerings and sacrifice young bulls as peace offerings to the LORD. Moses takes half of the blood and puts it in basins, and the other half he sprinkles on the altar. He reads the Book of the Covenant to the people, who respond, "We will do everything that the LORD has said; we will obey." Moses then sprinkles the blood on the people, saying, "This is the blood of the covenant that the LORD has made with you in accordance with all these words."

2. The Vision of God (Exodus 24:9-11)
Moses, Aaron, Nadab, Abihu, and the seventy elders of Israel ascend the mountain and see the God of Israel. Under His feet is something like a pavement made of sapphire, clear as the sky itself. Despite seeing God, He does not raise His hand against the leaders of Israel; they see God and eat and drink. The Hebrew word for "see" (רָאָה, ra'ah) implies a profound spiritual vision rather than a physical sight.

3. Moses on the Mountain (Exodus 24:12-18)
The LORD calls Moses to come up the mountain to receive the tablets of stone with the law and commandments. Moses sets out with his assistant Joshua, instructing the elders to wait for them. A cloud covers the mountain, and the glory of the LORD settles on Mount Sinai. The appearance of the LORD's glory is like a consuming fire on the mountaintop. Moses enters the cloud and stays on the mountain for forty days and forty nights. The Hebrew term for "glory" (כָּבוֹד, kavod) signifies the weighty presence and majesty of God.1. Covenant Confirmation
Exodus 24 describes the formal ratification of the covenant between God and Israel. Moses, Aaron, Nadab, Abihu, and seventy elders of Israel ascend the mountain to confirm the covenant. This event underscores the solemnity and sacredness of the covenant relationship, as seen in verses like Exodus 24:7, where Moses reads the Book of the Covenant to the people, and they respond, "We will do everything that the LORD has said; we will obey."

2. Divine Revelation and Worship
The chapter highlights the theme of divine revelation and worship. In Exodus 24:10, the elders of Israel see a vision of God, described as having a pavement of sapphire stone under His feet. This vision emphasizes the holiness and majesty of God, inviting the people into a deeper understanding and reverence for Him.

3. Sacrificial System and Atonement
The sacrificial system is introduced as a means of atonement and covenant ratification. In Exodus 24:5-6, young men offer burnt offerings and sacrifice young bulls as peace offerings to the LORD. Moses uses the blood to sprinkle on the altar and the people, symbolizing purification and the binding nature of the covenant, reflecting the Hebrew concept of "kaphar" (כָּפַר), meaning to cover or atone.

4. Obedience and Commitment
The theme of obedience and commitment is central, as the Israelites pledge to follow God's commands. In Exodus 24:3, the people respond to Moses' words, "Everything that the LORD has spoken we will do." This commitment is a crucial aspect of their relationship with God, emphasizing the importance of faithfulness and adherence to His laws.

5. Mediatorship of Moses
Moses acts as a mediator between God and the people, a role that foreshadows the ultimate mediatorship of Christ in the New Testament. In Exodus 24:12, God calls Moses to ascend the mountain to receive the tablets of stone, the law, and the commandments. This mediatorship highlights the necessity of a go-between in the divine-human relationship, rooted in the Hebrew concept of "shaliach" (שָׁלִיחַ), meaning an emissary or representative.

6. Divine Presence and Glory
The presence and glory of God are manifest on Mount Sinai, as described in Exodus 24:16-17, where the glory of the LORD settles on the mountain, appearing like a consuming fire. This theme underscores God's transcendence and immanence, inviting awe and reverence from the people.

7. Communal Participation in the Covenant
The communal aspect of the covenant is emphasized as the entire nation is involved in its ratification. In Exodus 24:8, Moses takes the blood and sprinkles it on the people, saying, "This is the blood of the covenant that the LORD has made with you in accordance with all these words." This act signifies the collective responsibility and participation of the community in the covenant relationship with God.1. How could Moses and the elders literally “see” God and survive (Exodus 24:9–11)?

2. Why does there appear to be no archaeological evidence confirming this covenant ceremony (Exodus 24)?

3. How could Moses remain on the mountain for forty days and nights without food or water (Exodus 24:18)?

4. Why does the blood ritual in Exodus 24:6–8 seem inconsistent with modern ethical and scientific perspectives?

5. How does the account in Exodus 24 align or conflict with other passages describing God’s nature and appearance?

1. What does the Israelites' collective response to God's words tell us about their willingness to follow Him?

2. How do the rituals of offerings and the sprinkling of blood symbolize the Israelites' commitment to the covenant?

3. In what ways might the appearance of God to the elders influence their leadership roles within the Israelite community?

4. How do we interpret the sight of the elders eating and drinking in the presence of God? What does it signify?

5. What can we learn from Moses' obedience to ascend the mountain despite the evident display of God's power?

6. What does the image of the sapphire-clear pavement beneath God's feet convey about His divine nature?

7. What does God's instruction to Moses about the stone tablets teach us about the importance of the written word and commandments?

8. Why do you think Aaron and Hur were left in charge of settling disputes? What does it say about their roles?

9. How might the spectacle of God's glory in the form of a cloud and consuming fire affect the Israelites' understanding of God's might?

10. What can we glean from the fact that Moses stayed on the mountain for forty days and forty nights?

11. How does this passage demonstrate the importance of leadership and representation in religious matters?

12. How does Moses' isolation on the mountain reflect the solitude often necessary in spiritual journeys?

13. How can we understand and appreciate the importance of God's law and instructions in our lives today?

14. What can this passage teach us about the reverence we should have when approaching God?

15. How does the covenant between God and the Israelites relate to our own personal relationship with God?

16. How can the elders' experience of seeing God influence their faith and actions afterwards?

17. How does Moses' act of writing down God's words underscore the importance of Scripture in our lives?

18. In what ways can we see the importance of obedience in our relationship with God from this passage?

19. How can we apply the principles of sacrificial offerings to our lives today?

20. What does the cloud and consuming fire represent in terms of God's divine presence and glory?