Genesis 38:17
New International Version
“I’ll send you a young goat from my flock,” he said. “Will you give me something as a pledge until you send it?” she asked.

New Living Translation
“I’ll send you a young goat from my flock,” Judah promised. “But what will you give me to guarantee that you will send the goat?” she asked.

English Standard Version
He answered, “I will send you a young goat from the flock.” And she said, “If you give me a pledge, until you send it—”

Berean Standard Bible
“I will send you a young goat from my flock,” Judah answered. But she replied, “Only if you leave me something as a pledge until you send it.”

King James Bible
And he said, I will send thee a kid from the flock. And she said, Wilt thou give me a pledge, till thou send it?

New King James Version
And he said, “I will send a young goat from the flock.” So she said, “Will you give me a pledge till you send it?

New American Standard Bible
He said, therefore, “I will send you a young goat from the flock.” She then said, “Will you give a pledge until you send it?

NASB 1995
He said, therefore, “I will send you a young goat from the flock.” She said, moreover, “Will you give a pledge until you send it?”

NASB 1977
He said, therefore, “I will send you a kid from the flock.” She said, moreover, “Will you give a pledge until you send it?

Legacy Standard Bible
He said, therefore, “I will send you a young goat from the flock.” She said, moreover, “Will you give a pledge until you send it?”

Amplified Bible
He answered, “I will send you a young goat from the flock.” And she said, “Will you give me a pledge [as a deposit] until you send it?”

Christian Standard Bible
“I will send you a young goat from my flock,” he replied. But she said, “Only if you leave something with me until you send it.”

Holman Christian Standard Bible
I will send you a young goat from my flock,” he replied. But she said, “Only if you leave something with me until you send it."”

American Standard Version
And he said, I will send thee a kid of the goats from the flock. And she said, Wilt thou give me a pledge, till thou send it?

Contemporary English Version
"One of my young goats," he answered. "What will you give me to keep until you send the goat?" she asked.

English Revised Version
And he said, I will send thee a kid of the goats from the flock. And she said, Wilt thou give me a pledge, till thou send it?

GOD'S WORD® Translation
"I'll send you a young goat from the flock," he answered. She said, "First give me something as a deposit until you send it."

Good News Translation
He answered, "I will send you a young goat from my flock." She said, "All right, if you will give me something to keep as a pledge until you send the goat."

International Standard Version
"I'll send you a young goat from the flock," he responded. But she pressed him, asking, "What security will you put up until you've sent it?"

Majority Standard Bible
?I will send you a young goat from my flock,? Judah answered. But she replied, ?Only if you leave me something as a pledge until you send it.?

NET Bible
He replied, "I'll send you a young goat from the flock." She asked, "Will you give me a pledge until you send it?"

New Heart English Bible
He said, "I will send you a young goat from the flock. "She said, "Will you give me something as a guarantee until you send it?"

Webster's Bible Translation
And he said, I will send thee a kid from the flock: and she said, Wilt thou give me a pledge, till thou sendest it?

World English Bible
He said, “I will send you a young goat from the flock.” She said, “Will you give me a pledge, until you send it?”
Literal Translations
Literal Standard Version
And he says, “I send a kid of the goats from the flock.” And she says, “Do you give a pledge until you send [it]?”

Young's Literal Translation
and he saith, 'I -- I send a kid of the goats from the flock.' And she saith, 'Dost thou give a pledge till thou send it?'

Smith's Literal Translation
And he will say, I will send a kid of the goats from the flock: and she will say, If thou wilt give a pledge till thy sending.
Catholic Translations
Douay-Rheims Bible
He said: I will send thee a kid out of the flock. And when she said again: I will suffer what thou wilt, if thou give a pledge, till thou send what thou promisest,

Catholic Public Domain Version
He said, “I will send you a young goat from the flock.” And again, she said, “I will allow what you want, if you give me a pledge, until you may send what you promise.”

New American Bible
He answered, “I will send you a young goat from the flock.” “Very well,” she said, “provided you leave me a pledge until you send it.”

New Revised Standard Version
He answered, “I will send you a kid from the flock.” And she said, “Only if you give me a pledge, until you send it.”
Translations from Aramaic
Lamsa Bible
And he said, I will send you a kid from the flock. And she said, Will you give me a pledge until you send it?

Peshitta Holy Bible Translated
And he said, “I shall send a kid of the goats from the flock”, and she said, “If you give to me a pledge until you send it.”
OT Translations
JPS Tanakh 1917
And he said: 'I will send thee a kid of the goats from the flock.' And she said: 'Wilt thou give me a pledge, till thou send it?'

Brenton Septuagint Translation
And he said, I will send thee a kid of the goats from my flock; and she said, Well, if thou wilt give me an earnest, until thou send it.

Additional Translations ...
Audio Bible



Context
Judah and Tamar
16Not realizing that she was his daughter-in-law, he went over to her and said, “Come now, let me sleep with you.” “What will you give me for sleeping with you?” she inquired. 17“I will send you a young goat from my flock,” Judah answered. But she replied, “Only if you leave me something as a pledge until you send it.” 18“What pledge should I give you?” he asked. She answered, “Your seal and your cord, and the staff in your hand.” So he gave them to her and slept with her, and she became pregnant by him.…

Cross References
Deuteronomy 22:28-29
If a man encounters a virgin who is not pledged in marriage, and he seizes her and lies with her, and they are discovered, / then the man who lay with her must pay the young woman’s father fifty shekels of silver, and she must become his wife because he has violated her. He must not divorce her as long as he lives.

Leviticus 19:20-22
If a man lies carnally with a slave girl promised to another man but who has not been redeemed or given her freedom, there must be due punishment. But they are not to be put to death, because she had not been freed. / The man, however, must bring a ram to the entrance to the Tent of Meeting as his guilt offering to the LORD. / The priest shall make atonement on his behalf before the LORD with the ram of the guilt offering for the sin he has committed, and he will be forgiven the sin he has committed.

Ruth 4:12
And may your house become like the house of Perez, whom Tamar bore to Judah, because of the offspring the LORD will give you by this young woman.”

Matthew 1:3
Judah was the father of Perez and Zerah by Tamar, Perez the father of Hezron, and Hezron the father of Ram.

1 Chronicles 2:4
Tamar, Judah’s daughter-in-law, bore to him Perez and Zerah. Judah had five sons in all.

Hosea 4:14
I will not punish your daughters when they prostitute themselves, nor your daughters-in-law when they commit adultery. For the men themselves go off with prostitutes and offer sacrifices with shrine prostitutes. So a people without understanding will come to ruin.

1 Corinthians 6:16
Or don’t you know that he who unites himself with a prostitute is one with her in body? For it is said, “The two will become one flesh.”

Proverbs 7:10
Then a woman came out to meet him, with the attire of a harlot and cunning of heart.

Ezekiel 16:32
You adulterous wife! You receive strangers instead of your own husband!

2 Samuel 13:12-14
“No, my brother!” she cried. “Do not violate me, for such a thing should never be done in Israel. Do not do this disgraceful thing! / Where could I ever take my shame? And you would be like one of the fools in Israel! Please speak to the king, for he will not withhold me from you.” / But Amnon refused to listen to her, and being stronger, he violated her and lay with her.

Romans 1:24
Therefore God gave them over in the desires of their hearts to impurity for the dishonoring of their bodies with one another.

1 Corinthians 5:1
It is actually reported that there is sexual immorality among you, and of a kind that is intolerable even among pagans: A man has his father’s wife.

Amos 2:7
They trample on the heads of the poor as on the dust of the earth; they push the needy out of their way. A man and his father have relations with the same girl and so profane My holy name.

1 Thessalonians 4:3-5
For it is God’s will that you should be holy: You must abstain from sexual immorality; / each of you must know how to control his own body in holiness and honor, / not in lustful passion like the Gentiles who do not know God;

Galatians 5:19
The acts of the flesh are obvious: sexual immorality, impurity, and debauchery;


Treasury of Scripture

And he said, I will send you a kid from the flock. And she said, Will you give me a pledge, till you send it?

I will.

Ezekiel 16:33
They give gifts to all whores: but thou givest thy gifts to all thy lovers, and hirest them, that they may come unto thee on every side for thy whoredom.

a kid.

Genesis 38:20,24,25
And Judah sent the kid by the hand of his friend the Adullamite, to receive his pledge from the woman's hand: but he found her not…

Proverbs 20:16
Take his garment that is surety for a stranger: and take a pledge of him for a strange woman.

Luke 16:8
And the lord commended the unjust steward, because he had done wisely: for the children of this world are in their generation wiser than the children of light.

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Genesis 38
1. Judah begets Er, Onan, and Shelah.
6. Er's marriage with Tamar, and death.
8. The trespass of Onan.
11. Tamar is reserved for Shelah.
12. Judah's wife dies.
13. Tamar deceives Judah.
27. She bears twins, Pharez and Zarah.














I will send you
This phrase indicates a promise or commitment. In the Hebrew context, the act of sending something was often a sign of good faith or an intention to fulfill an obligation. Judah's promise reflects a customary practice of ensuring trust in transactions. The Hebrew root for "send" is "שָׁלַח" (shalach), which can also imply a mission or dispatch, suggesting Judah's intent to fulfill his word.

a young goat
The young goat, or "גְּדִי" (gedi) in Hebrew, was a common form of currency or barter in ancient times. Livestock was a valuable asset, and offering a young goat signifies a substantial promise. This reflects the agrarian society of the time, where wealth and transactions were often measured in livestock.

from my flock
This phrase indicates personal ownership and responsibility. Judah is not offering something generic but something from his own possessions, which adds weight to his promise. The flock, or "צֹאן" (tso'n), was a symbol of wealth and status, and offering from one's own flock was a significant gesture of sincerity.

Judah promised
The act of promising, or "אָמַר" (amar) in Hebrew, is a verbal commitment that carries significant weight in biblical narratives. Judah's promise is a pivotal moment, reflecting his character and the cultural importance of one's word. In the biblical context, a promise was binding and held moral and social implications.

But she replied
This phrase introduces a negotiation or dialogue, highlighting the agency and assertiveness of the woman, Tamar, in this narrative. Her reply, or "אָמַר" (amar), the same root as Judah's promise, indicates a reciprocal engagement in the transaction, emphasizing the mutual understanding and agreement required in such dealings.

Only if you leave me something as a pledge
The concept of a pledge, or "עֵרָבוֹן" (eravon), is crucial in ancient transactions. It served as a security or guarantee that the promise would be fulfilled. This reflects the legal and social practices of the time, where pledges were common to ensure trust and accountability in agreements.

until you send it
This phrase sets a condition and a timeframe for the fulfillment of the promise. The use of "until," or "עַד" (ad), indicates a temporary state, emphasizing the expectation of completion. It underscores the importance of timely fulfillment of promises in maintaining trust and integrity in relationships.

Verse 17. - And he said, I will send thee a kid from the flock - literally, a kid of the goats (ver. 20; cf. Judges 15:1). And she said, Wilt thou give me a pledge, till thou send it? - literally, if thou wilt give me a pledge (עֵרָבזֹן, from עָבַ, to give in pledge, a word peculiar to traders which the Greeks and Romans appear to have borrowed from the Phoenicians, the originators of traffic: cf. ἀῥῤαβών, arrhabo: vide Gesenius, p. 652) until thy sending (sc. then I consent to thy proposal).

Parallel Commentaries ...


Hebrew
“I
אָנֹכִ֛י (’ā·nō·ḵî)
Pronoun - first person common singular
Strong's 595: I

will send you
אֲשַׁלַּ֥ח (’ă·šal·laḥ)
Verb - Piel - Imperfect - first person common singular
Strong's 7971: To send away, for, out

a young goat
גְּדִֽי־ (gə·ḏî-)
Noun - masculine singular construct
Strong's 1423: A kid (a young goat)

from
מִן־ (min-)
Preposition
Strong's 4480: A part of, from, out of

my flock,”
הַצֹּ֑אן (haṣ·ṣōn)
Article | Noun - common singular
Strong's 6629: Small cattle, sheep and goats, flock

[Judah] answered.
וַיֹּ֕אמֶר (way·yō·mer)
Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular
Strong's 559: To utter, say

But she replied,
וַתֹּ֕אמֶר (wat·tō·mer)
Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person feminine singular
Strong's 559: To utter, say

“Only if
אִם־ (’im-)
Conjunction
Strong's 518: Lo!, whether?, if, although, Oh that!, when, not

you leave me
תִּתֵּ֥ן (tit·tên)
Verb - Qal - Imperfect - second person masculine singular
Strong's 5414: To give, put, set

something as a pledge
עֵרָב֖וֹן (‘ê·rā·ḇō·wn)
Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 6162: A pledge

until
עַ֥ד (‘aḏ)
Preposition
Strong's 5704: As far as, even to, up to, until, while

you send it.”
שָׁלְחֶֽךָ׃ (šā·lə·ḥe·ḵā)
Verb - Qal - Infinitive construct | second person masculine singular
Strong's 7971: To send away, for, out


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OT Law: Genesis 38:17 He said I will send you (Gen. Ge Gn)
Genesis 38:16
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