Lexical Summary proetoimazó: To prepare beforehand, to make ready in advance. Original Word: προετοιμάζω Strong's Exhaustive Concordance ordain before, prepare afore. From pro and hetoimazo; to fit up in advance (literally or figuratively) -- ordain before, prepare afore. see GREEK pro see GREEK hetoimazo HELPS Word-studies 4282 proetoimázō (from 4253 /pró, "beforehand" and 2092 /hétoimos, "ready because prepared") – properly, made ready in advance; hence, "ready, already prepared" (used only in Ro 9:23; Eph 2:10). NAS Exhaustive Concordance Word Originfrom pro and hetoimazó Definition to prepare before NASB Translation prepared beforehand (2). Thayer's Greek Lexicon STRONGS NT 4282: προετοιμάζωπροετοιμάζω: 1 aorist προητοίμασα; to prepare before, to make ready beforehand: ἅ προητοίμασεν εἰς δόξαν, i. e. for whom he appointed glory beforehand (i. e., from eternity), and, accordingly, rendered them fit to receive it, Romans 9:23; to prepare beforehand in mind and purpose, i. e. to decree, Ephesians 2:10, where οἷς stands by attraction for ἅ (cf. Winers Grammar, 149 (141); Buttmann, § 143, 8). (Isaiah 28:24; Wis. 9:8; Herodotus, Philo, Josephus, Plutarch, Geoponica, others.) Topical Lexicon Overview of Divine Preparation The verb προητοίμασεν expresses purposeful, sovereign arranging on God’s part, ensuring that people and deeds are readied in advance for His redemptive design. It portrays deliberate planning rather than mere foreknowledge, highlighting God’s initiative and control over salvation history. Occurrences in the New Testament Romans 9:23 speaks of “the objects of His mercy, whom He prepared in advance for glory”, centering on people divinely fashioned as vessels of mercy. Ephesians 2:10 shifts to deeds: “For we are God’s workmanship, created in Christ Jesus to do good works, which God prepared in advance for us to walk in”, underscoring a pre-arranged path of obedience for believers. Theological Significance 1. Sovereign Grace – The verb anchors both election and sanctification in God’s initiative, eliminating human boasting. Implications for Christian Ministry • Evangelistic Confidence: Knowing God has readied “vessels of mercy” encourages bold proclamation. Historical and Doctrinal Reflection Patristic commentators saw Romans 9:23 as proof of triumphant mercy, while the Reformers cited it to affirm unconditional election. Evangelical missions draw courage from Ephesians 2:10, trusting that every culture holds divine appointments for obedience prepared long ago. Through προητοίμασεν Scripture reveals a God who not only saves but orders the entire course of His people’s lives, guaranteeing both their destiny and their daily service for His glory. Forms and Transliterations προετοιμάσει προητοιμασεν προητοίμασεν proetoimasen proetoímasen proētoimasen proētoímasenLinks Interlinear Greek • Interlinear Hebrew • Strong's Numbers • Englishman's Greek Concordance • Englishman's Hebrew Concordance • Parallel TextsEnglishman's Concordance Romans 9:23 V-AIA-3SGRK: ἐλέους ἃ προητοίμασεν εἰς δόξαν NAS: which He prepared beforehand for glory, KJV: which he had afore prepared unto INT: of mercy which he before prepared for glory Ephesians 2:10 V-AIA-3S |
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