Lexical Summary daka: To crush, to break, to contrite Original Word: דָּכָא Strong's Exhaustive Concordance beat to pieces, break in pieces, bruise, contrite, crush, destroy, humble, oppress, A primitive root (compare dakah); to crumble; transitively, to bruise (literally or figuratively) -- beat to pieces, break (in pieces), bruise, contrite, crush, destroy, humble, oppress, smite. see HEBREW dakah NAS Exhaustive Concordance Word Origina prim. root Definition to crush NASB Translation become contrite (1), contrite (1), crush (7), crushed (7), crushing (1), oppressed (1). Brown-Driver-Briggs [דָּכָא] verb crush, poetic (Assyrian dakû, crush, Muss-ArnHebraica. Oct. 1890, 66) not in Qal; — Niph`al Participle נִדְכָּאִים Isaiah 57:15; — crushed, figurative = contrite ones. Pi`el Perfect דִּכָּא Psalm 143:3; 2masculine singular דִּכִּאתָ Psalm 89:11; Imperfect וִידַכֵּא Psalm 72:4; 2masculine singular תְּדַכֵּא Proverbs 22:22 (juss); יְדַכְּאוּ Psalm 94:5, תְּדַכְּאוּ Isaiah 3:15; suffix וִידַכְּאֵנִי Job 6:9, יְדַכְּאוּם Job 4:19; 2masculine plural וּתְדַכּאוּנַּנִי Job 19:2 (so Baer, see his edition p. 44, compare Norzi); Infinitive לִדַכֵּא Lamentations 3:34; suffix דַּכְּאוֺ Isaiah 53:10; — crush, (figurative) with accusative one's life to the earth Psalm 143:3, Egypt Psalm 89:11 (compare De Che; ׳י subject), servant of Yahweh Isaiah 53:10 (׳י subject), Job 6:9 ׳וְיֹאֵל אֱלוֺהַּ וִיד; oppressor Psalm 72:4, God's people Psalm 94:5 ("" יְּעַנּוּ), Isaiah 3:15, compare Proverbs 22:22 illegally in tribunal, Lamentations 3:34 תחת רגליו ׳ד (in all human oppressor subject); crush me בְּמִלִּים Job 19:2 (Job's friends, subject; "" תּוֺגְיוּן נַפְשִׁי); never literal, not even Job 4:19 (יְדַכְּאוּם, with indefinite subject), for suffix reference not to בָּֽתֵּיחֹֿמֶר, but rather to שֹׁכְנֵי, i.e. men inhabiting the clay houses, bodies, compare Di. Pu`al Perfect דֻּכְּאוּ Jeremiah 44:10; Imperfect יְדֻכָּא Job 22:9; Participle מְדֻכָּא Isaiah 53:5, מְדֻכָּאִים Isaiah 19:10; — crushed, broken in pieces, shattered Job 22:9 with object feminine זרועות; Isaiah 19:10 subject שָׁתוֺת (here metaphor. for nobles); figurative of servant of ׳י Isaiah 53:5; made humble, contrite Jeremiah 44:10. Hithpa`el Imperfect יִדַּכְּאוּ Job 5:4, יִדַּכָּ֑אוּ Job 34:25; — must let themselves be crushed, i.e. maltreated Job 5:4 (in court בשׁער, compare Pi`el Proverbs 22:22); are crushed Job 34:25 (the mighty, by God). Topical Lexicon Overview דָּכָא pictures a force that presses down until the object is broken, shattered, or pulverized. Scripture applies the verb both literally and figuratively, moving from cracked clay walls (Job 4:19) to crushed spirits (Isaiah 57:15). The occurrences cluster in poetry and prophecy, where vivid imagery communicates humanity’s fragility, the plight of the oppressed, the certainty of divine judgment, and the redemptive plan fulfilled in the Messiah. Human Frailty and Mortality Job repeatedly invokes דָּכָא to confess how easily flesh is “crushed like a moth” (Job 4:19). His cry, “that it would please God to crush me” (Job 6:9), highlights mortal dependence on God’s sovereign will. In these texts, דָּכָא underscores the clay-like substance of humanity and reminds readers that life’s breath lies in God’s hand. Oppression of the Poor Several passages expose social injustice. “Do not crush the afflicted at the gate” (Proverbs 22:22) becomes a timeless warning to civil authorities. God rebukes leaders who “crush My people and grind the faces of the poor” (Isaiah 3:15). Psalm 72:4 holds rulers to the opposite standard: “May he save the children of the needy and crush the oppressor.” דָּכָא thus speaks both to the sin of exploitation and to the divine mandate to protect the weak. Judgment on the Wicked and on Nations The Lord not only defends the afflicted; He actively breaks oppressors. “You crushed Rahab like a carcass” (Psalm 89:10) celebrates His past victory over chaotic powers. David laments enemies who “crush Your people” (Psalm 94:5), yet trusts that God “overthrows them in the night and they are crushed” (Job 34:25). Isaiah 19:10 foresees Egypt’s labor force being “crushed,” showing that national economies also bow beneath God’s verdicts. Messianic Fulfillment Isaiah 53 stands at the theological summit of דָּכָא. “He was crushed for our iniquities” (Isaiah 53:5); “it was the LORD’s will to crush Him” (Isaiah 53:10). The Servant willingly bears the crushing weight of sin, achieving the peace and healing humanity could never earn. The verb’s earlier uses prepare readers to grasp the depth of this substitutionary suffering: the One who never oppressed is Himself oppressed unto death, satisfying divine justice and extending mercy. Contrition and Revival While דָּכָא may depict an unwanted blow, Isaiah 57:15 affirms God’s nearness to the self-crushed heart: “to revive the spirit of the lowly and to revive the heart of the contrite.” Jeremiah 44:10 condemns Israelites who “have not humbled themselves,” showing that refusal to be broken before the Lord invites further judgment. Lamentations 3:34 laments the misuse of power that “crush[es] underfoot all the prisoners of the earth,” yet the same chapter leads into renewed hope through repentance (Lamentations 3:40-42). Ministry Implications 1. Pastorally, דָּכָא encourages humble dependence. People who acknowledge their crushed state (Psalm 143:3) become candidates for God’s revival. Key References Job 4:19; Job 5:4; Job 6:9; Job 22:9; Job 34:25 Psalm 72:4; Psalm 89:10; Psalm 94:5; Psalm 143:3 Isaiah 3:15; Isaiah 19:10; Isaiah 53:5, 10; Isaiah 57:15 Forms and Transliterations דִּכָּ֣א דִכִּ֣אתָ דַּכְּאוֹ֙ דֻכְּא֔וּ דכא דכאו דכאת וְיִֽדַּכְּא֥וּ וְיִדַּכָּֽאוּ׃ וִֽידַכְּאֵ֑נִי וִֽידַכֵּ֣א וּֽתְדַכְּאוּנַ֥נִי וידכא וידכאו וידכאו׃ וידכאני ותדכאונני יְ֝דַכְּא֗וּם יְדַכְּא֑וּ יְדֻכָּֽא׃ ידכא׃ ידכאו ידכאום לְדַכֵּא֙ לדכא מְדֻכָּ֖א מְדֻכָּאִ֑ים מדכא מדכאים נִדְכָּאִֽים׃ נדכאים׃ תְּדַכְּא֣וּ תְּדַכֵּ֖א תדכא תדכאו dak·kə·’ōw dakkə’ōw dakkeO dik·kā ḏik·ki·ṯā dikKa dikkā dikKita ḏikkiṯā ḏuk·kə·’ū ḏukkə’ū dukkeU lə·ḏak·kê ledakKe ləḏakkê mə·ḏuk·kā mə·ḏuk·kā·’îm medukKa məḏukkā məḏukkā’îm medukkaIm niḏ·kā·’îm niḏkā’îm nidkaIm tə·ḏak·kê tə·ḏak·kə·’ū tedakKe təḏakkê təḏakkə’ū tedakkeU ū·ṯə·ḏak·kə·’ū·na·nî ūṯəḏakkə’ūnanî utedakkeuNani veyiddakKau veyiddakkeU vidakKe vidakkeEni wə·yid·dak·kā·’ū wə·yid·dak·kə·’ū wəyiddakkā’ū wəyiddakkə’ū wî·ḏak·kê wî·ḏak·kə·’ê·nî wîḏakkê wîḏakkə’ênî yə·ḏak·kə·’ū yə·ḏak·kə·’ūm yə·ḏuk·kā yəḏakkə’ū yəḏakkə’ūm yedakkeU yedakkeUm yedukKa yəḏukkāLinks Interlinear Greek • Interlinear Hebrew • Strong's Numbers • Englishman's Greek Concordance • Englishman's Hebrew Concordance • Parallel TextsEnglishman's Concordance Job 4:19 HEB: בֶּעָפָ֥ר יְסוֹדָ֑ם יְ֝דַכְּא֗וּם לִפְנֵי־ עָֽשׁ׃ NAS: is in the dust, Who are crushed before KJV: [is] in the dust, [which] are crushed before INT: the dust foundation are crushed before the moth Job 5:4 Job 6:9 Job 19:2 Job 22:9 Job 34:25 Psalm 72:4 Psalm 89:10 Psalm 94:5 Psalm 143:3 Proverbs 22:22 Isaiah 3:15 Isaiah 19:10 Isaiah 53:5 Isaiah 53:10 Isaiah 57:15 Jeremiah 44:10 Lamentations 3:34 18 Occurrences |
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