Lexical Summary Sedom: Sodom Original Word: סְדֹם Strong's Exhaustive Concordance Sodom From an unused root meaning to scorch; burnt (i.e. Volcanic or bituminous) district; Sedom, a place near the Dead Sea -- Sodom. NAS Exhaustive Concordance Word Originof uncertain derivation Definition a Canaanite city near the Dead Sea NASB Translation Sodom (39). Brown-Driver-Briggs סְדֹּם89 proper name, of a location Sodom, important Canaanitish city named (usually) with Gomorrha ( עֲמֹרָה, q. v.); — ᵐ5 Ζόδομα (inflected Ζοδόμώ, Ζοδομοις ): — ׳ס (on formation compare LagBN 54), Genesis 13:10,12,13 7t. Genesis 18, 19, + מְדֹ֫מָה (ה locative) Genesis 10:19; Genesis 18:22; Genesis 19:1 (all J), + 8 t. Genesis 14; from 8th cent. onwards, used as illustrating ׳יs judgments, Amos 4:11; Isaiah 1:9; Isaiah 13:19; Deuteronomy 29:22; Jeremiah 49:18; Jeremiah 50:40; Zephaniah 2:9; Lamentations 4:6; as proverbial for open sin Isaiah 3:9; Jeremiah 23:14 so metaphor ׳קְצִינֵי ס Isaiah 1:10 (i.e. rulers as corrupt as in Sodom), ׳גֶּמֶּן ס Deuteronomy 32:32 (i.e. wickedness like Sodom's); Judah compare with ׳ס to her disadvantage Ezekiel 16:46,48,49,53,55,56. Site probably at south end of Dead Sea, where are now Jebel Usdum (southwest), and Zoar (southeast) compare DiGenesis 19:20ff. RobBR ii. 187 ff. GASmGeogr. 505 ff. BlankenhornZPV xix (1896), 53 ff BdPal. 3, 146 BuhlGeogr. 117, 271, 274. See also שִׂדִּים. Topical Lexicon Geographical Situation and Setting Sodom stood on the fertile plain of the lower Jordan (Genesis 13:10–12), near the Dead Sea, in company with Gomorrah, Admah, Zeboiim, and Zoar. Scripture depicts it as prosperous and well-watered “like the garden of the LORD” (Genesis 13:10), yet perilously close to powerful Elamite kings (Genesis 14) and to divine judgment. Narrative Foundations in Genesis • Genesis 10:19 first locates Sodom in a Table-of-Nations border note. Mosaic and Historical Allusions Deuteronomy 29:23 and 32:32–33 invoke Sodom to warn Israel against covenant infidelity: barren land, salt, and burning are the covenant-curse mirror of Genesis 19. The imagery resurfaces when the prophets describe national apostasy. Prophetic Usage Isaiah 1:9–10; 3:9; 13:19 employ Sodom as an analogy for Judah and Babylon—privileged but doomed if unrepentant. Jeremiah likens false prophets (Jeremiah 23:14) and Judah’s remnant (Jeremiah 50:40) to Sodom. Ezekiel 16:46–56 indicts Jerusalem for exceeding Sodom’s “pride, excess of food, and prosperous ease” while neglecting the poor—the sin beneath the sin. Amos 4:11, Zephaniah 2:9, and Lamentations 4:6 use the ruin of Sodom as the supreme Old Testament benchmark for sudden, irrevocable judgment. Wisdom Literature In Sirach (Ecclesiasticus) 16:8 (found in the Apocrypha) Sodom illustrates divine retribution; although not canonical for all traditions, it shows the enduring didactic force of the event among later Jewish writers. New Testament Echoes Jesus cites Sodom twelve times. In Matthew 10:15 He warns cities unresponsive to the gospel; in Luke 17:28–30 He compares the “days of the Son of Man” to Sodom’s complacency. Jude 7 and 2 Peter 2:6 emphasize sexual immorality and eternal fire as paradigms of final judgment. Thus, Sodom serves apostolic preaching as a historical precedent guaranteeing future eschatological reckoning. Theological and Moral Themes 1. God’s absolute holiness: The destruction showcases divine wrath against persistent, communal sin. Ministry Applications • Preaching: Sodom provides a vivid illustration of the wages of sin and the urgency of repentance. Archaeology and Historical Notes Excavations at sites such as Bab edh-Dhra and Tall el-Hammam near the Dead Sea have unearthed Middle Bronze Age destruction layers featuring intense, sudden conflagration. While scholarly debate continues, such findings lend plausibility to the biblical account’s catastrophic tone. Representative References Genesis 13:10–13; 18:20; 19:1, 24, 28 Jude 7 Summary Sodom figures in approximately thirty-nine Old Testament verses as the quintessential illustration of societal sin met by divine judgment. Its narrative, prophetic, and typological roles converge to warn, to instruct, and to assure believers of God’s unwavering standards of righteousness and His saving power toward those who trust Him. Forms and Transliterations בִּסְדֹֽם׃ בִסְדֹ֛ם בסדם בסדם׃ כִּסְדֹ֔ם כִּסְדֹ֣ם כִּסְדֹ֤ם כִּסְדֹ֥ם כסדם סְדֹ֑ם סְדֹ֑מָה סְדֹ֔ם סְדֹ֖ם סְדֹ֙מָה֙ סְדֹ֛ם סְדֹ֜ם סְדֹ֣ם סְדֹ֤ם סְדֹ֥ם סְדֹ֧ם סְדֹ֧מָה סְדֹֽם׃ סְדֹם֙ סְדֹם֮ סדם סדם׃ סדמה bis·ḏōm ḇis·ḏōm bisDom bisḏōm ḇisḏōm kis·ḏōm kisDom kisḏōm sə·ḏō·māh sə·ḏōm seDom səḏōm seDomah səḏōmāh visDomLinks Interlinear Greek • Interlinear Hebrew • Strong's Numbers • Englishman's Greek Concordance • Englishman's Hebrew Concordance • Parallel TextsEnglishman's Concordance Genesis 10:19 HEB: עַזָּ֑ה בֹּאֲכָ֞ה סְדֹ֧מָה וַעֲמֹרָ֛ה וְאַדְמָ֥ה NAS: as you go toward Sodom and Gomorrah KJV: as thou goest, unto Sodom, and Gomorrah, INT: Gaza go Sodom and Gomorrah and Admah Genesis 13:10 Genesis 13:12 Genesis 13:13 Genesis 14:2 Genesis 14:8 Genesis 14:10 Genesis 14:11 Genesis 14:12 Genesis 14:17 Genesis 14:21 Genesis 14:22 Genesis 18:16 Genesis 18:20 Genesis 18:22 Genesis 18:26 Genesis 19:1 Genesis 19:1 Genesis 19:4 Genesis 19:24 Genesis 19:28 Deuteronomy 29:23 Deuteronomy 32:32 Isaiah 1:9 Isaiah 1:10 39 Occurrences |
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