Lexical Summary anaph: angry, become angry, been angry Original Word: אָנַף Strong's Exhaustive Concordance be angry displeased A primitive root; to breathe hard, i.e. Be enraged -- be angry (displeased). NAS Exhaustive Concordance Word Origina prim. root Definition to be angry NASB Translation angry (12), become angry (1), been angry (1). Brown-Driver-Briggs [אָנֵף, אָנַף] verb (breathe, snort) be angry (MI id., compare Arabic  Assyrian etc. in derivatives) **in Hebrew, verb denominative from אַף. — Qal Perfect אָנַפְתָּ Psalm 60:3, etc.; Impefect יֶאֱנַף Psalm 2:12, etc.; — be angry, of ׳י; usually followed by בְּ 1 Kings 8:46 2Chronicles 6:36; Isaiah 12:1; Psalm 85:6; Ezra 9:14; absolute Psalm 60:3; Psalm 79:5; compare also Psalm 2:12. Hithpa`el id. always followed by בְּ & always of ׳י, Perfect הִתְאַנַּף Deuteronomy 1:37; Deuteronomy 4:21; Deuteronomy 9:20; Imperfect וַיִּתְאַנַּף Deuteronomy 9:8; 1 Kings 11:9; 2 Kings 17:18. Topical Lexicon Essence of the Wordאָנַף describes a surge of anger that is never capricious but always moral in nature. In every occurrence the subject is either the LORD Himself or one of His appointed leaders acting under divine authority. The term therefore serves as a theological lens, showing how God’s wrath is inseparably linked to His holiness, covenant faithfulness, and loving purpose. Distribution of Occurrences • Pentateuch: Deuteronomy 1:37; 4:21; 9:8, 20 These passages cluster around key transitional moments—Sinai to Canaan, united to divided monarchy, exile and restoration—underscoring that divine anger arises when His people jeopardize the unfolding of redemptive history. Divine Anger and Covenant Fidelity In Deuteronomy the verb illuminates the severe side of covenant love. Israel’s rebellion at Horeb provoked anger so serious that Moses recalls, “At Horeb you provoked the LORD to wrath, and He was angry enough to destroy you” (Deuteronomy 9:8). Yet Moses also reminds the people that covenant mediation can avert total destruction (9:19–20). The word thus frames the tension between deserved judgment and merciful intercession. Impact on Leadership אָנַף explains why even faithful servants face consequences. “The LORD was also angry with me on your account” (Deuteronomy 1:37) reveals that leaders are not isolated from communal sin. Moses’ exclusion from Canaan exemplifies the sobering reality that greater privilege entails greater accountability. Monarchic Warnings Solomon’s defection to idolatry “angered the LORD” (1 Kings 11:9), signaling that wisdom and favor do not immunize against wrath. Later, widespread apostasy in Israel precipitates the Assyrian exile: “So the LORD was very angry with Israel and removed them from His presence” (2 Kings 17:18). The verb here functions as a covenant lawsuit term—judgment executed only after long-suffering patience. Liturgical Reflection The Psalms transform historical judgments into worshipful theology. These prayers teach God’s people to interpret calamity as fatherly discipline and to seek restoration on the basis of His steadfast love. Hope in the Prophets Isaiah 12:1 captures the gospel trajectory embedded in אָנַף: “Although You were angry with me, Your anger has turned away, and You have comforted me.” Divine wrath is not the last word; it yields to comfort when atonement is applied. Theological and Ministry Significance 1. Righteousness of God: Anger is the necessary expression of divine holiness toward covenant breach. Practical Application • Preaching: Expose the seriousness of sin by tracing how divine anger safeguards covenant holiness. Conclusion Occurrences of אָנַף form a unified testimony: the LORD’s anger is real, righteous, and redemptive. It warns the presumptuous, humbles the faithful, and ultimately magnifies the grace that triumphs over wrath through the saving work of God’s appointed Mediator. Forms and Transliterations אָ֝נַ֗פְתָּ אָנַ֖פְתָּ אנפת הִתְאַנֶּף־ הִתְאַנַּ֣ף הִתְאַנַּ֧ף התאנף התאנף־ וְאָנַפְתָּ֣ וַיִּתְאַנַּ֥ף וַיִּתְאַנַּ֧ף וַיִּתְאַנַּ֨ף ואנפת ויתאנף יֶאֱנַ֤ף ׀ יאנף תֶּֽאֱנַף־ תֶּאֱנַ֣ף תֶֽאֱנַף־ תאנף תאנף־ ’ā·nap̄·tā ’ānap̄tā aNafta hiṯ’annap̄ hiṯ’annep̄- hiṯ·’an·nap̄ hiṯ·’an·nep̄- hitanNaf hitannef te’ĕnap̄ te’ĕnap̄- ṯe’ĕnap̄- te·’ĕ·nap̄ te·’ĕ·nap̄- ṯe·’ĕ·nap̄- teenaf vaiyitanNaf veanafTa way·yiṯ·’an·nap̄ wayyiṯ’annap̄ wə’ānap̄tā wə·’ā·nap̄·tā ye’ĕnap̄ ye·’ĕ·nap̄ yeeNafLinks Interlinear Greek • Interlinear Hebrew • Strong's Numbers • Englishman's Greek Concordance • Englishman's Hebrew Concordance • Parallel TextsEnglishman's Concordance Deuteronomy 1:37 HEB: גַּם־ בִּי֙ הִתְאַנַּ֣ף יְהוָ֔ה בִּגְלַלְכֶ֖ם NAS: The LORD was angry with me also KJV: Also the LORD was angry with me for your sakes, INT: also was angry the LORD your account Deuteronomy 4:21 Deuteronomy 9:8 Deuteronomy 9:20 1 Kings 8:46 1 Kings 11:9 2 Kings 17:18 2 Chronicles 6:36 Ezra 9:14 Psalm 2:12 Psalm 60:1 Psalm 79:5 Psalm 85:5 Isaiah 12:1 14 Occurrences |
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