Lexical Summary tamam: To be complete, to be finished, to be perfect, to be consumed Original Word: תָּמַם Strong's Exhaustive Concordance accomplish, cease, be clean passed, consume, have done, come to an endA primitive root; to complete, in a good or a bad sense, literal, or figurative, transitive or intransitive (as follows) -- accomplish, cease, be clean (pass-)ed, consume, have done, (come to an, have an, make an) end, fail, come to the full, be all gone, X be all here, be (make) perfect, be spent, sum, be (shew self) upright, be wasted, whole. NAS Exhaustive Concordance Word Origina prim. root Definition to be complete or finished NASB Translation all (1), all gone (1), all spent (2), been completed (1), blameless (1), blossoms (1), boil the well (1), came to an end (1), cease (1), come to an end (2), complete (2), completed (1), completely (3), consume (1), consumed (4), count (1), destroyed (6), end (1), ended (3), fail (1), finally (1), finish (1), finished (7), full (1), gone (1), lie (1), make an end (1), make your perfect (1), meet their end (4), met our end (1), perished (4), perished* (1), ready (1), run (1), show yourself blameless (2), spent (1), utterly (1). Brown-Driver-Briggs [תָּמַם], תַּם verb be complete, finished (Arabic  id., Phoenician תם, Syriac  derived species and derivatives; compare Late Hebrew = Biblical Hebrew (rare), Aramaic תְּמִימָא,  perfect); — Qal Perfect3masculine singular תַּם Genesis 47:18 3t. (+ Qr מֵאֵשׁ֯ תַּם Jeremiah 6:29); 3plural תַּמּוּ Deuteronomy 2:16 +; תָּ֑מּוּ 2 Kings 7:13; 1plural תַּמְנוּ (Ges§ 67dd) Numbers 17:28; Psalm 64:7; תָּ֑מְנוּ Jeremiah 44:18; (Lamentations 3:22 read תַּמּוּ ᵑ7 ᵑ6 Ew Löhr Bu); Imperfect3masculine singular יִתֹּם (Ges§ 67g) Genesis 47:15; Ezekiel 47:12; 3feminine singular תִתֻּם Ezekiel 24:11 (Ges§ 67q; strike out Co), תִּתֹּם Genesis 47:18; 1 Kings 7:22; 1singular אֵיתָ֑ם Psalm 19:14; 3masculine plural יִתַּ֫מּוּ Numbers 14:35 +, וַיִּתְּמוּ Deuteronomy 34:8; Infinitive construct תֹּם Leviticus 25:29 10t.; תָּםֿ Isaiah 18:5; suffix תֻּתִּי Jeremiah 27:8 7t. suffix; — 1 be finished, completed; the writing of words Deuteronomy 31:24,30 (see Dr.; J), Job 31:40; building of temple 1 Kings 6:22, compare 1 Kings 7:22; fulfilled, ׳י's command (by obedience) Joshua 4:10 (E); as auxil. + finite verb = completely, wholly, entirely, תַּמּוּ נִבְתָ֑וּ Joshua 3:16 (E) were wholly cut off; סָפוּ תַמּוּ Psalm 73:19 entirely consumed; followed by ל infinitive: תַּמּוּ לעבור were finished in regard to, etc., i.e. were entirely passed over Joshua 3:17; Joshua 4:1,11 (JE) 2 Samuel 15:24; לחמּול Joshua 5:8 (E) entirely circumcised, Numbers 17:28. 2 be finished, come to an end, cease: the year, Genesis 47:18 (J), Leviticus 25:29 (P), Jeremiah 1:3; the years of ׳י have no end Psalm 102:28; days of weeping Deuteronomy 34:8 (P), compare Lamentations 4:22; also Isaiah 18:5; Lamentations 3:22. 3 be complete, of number, 1 Samuel 16:11. 4 be consumed, exhausted, spent: silver Genesis 47:15,18 (J); strength Leviticus 26:20 (H); lead Jeremiah 6:29 (Qr); bread Jeremiah 37:21; fruit Ezekiel 47:12; rust Ezekiel 24:11. 5 be finished, consumed, destroyed: people Numbers 14:33 (J), Numbers 14:35; Numbers 17:28 (P; "" מות). Numbers 32:13 (J), Joshua 8:24; Joshua 10:20 (JE), Deuteronomy 2:14,15,16; Joshua 5:6 (D), 1 Kings 14:10; 2 Kings 7:13; Isaiah 16:4; Jeremiah 14:15; Jeremiah 24:10; Jeremiah 27:8; Jeremiah 36:23; Jeremiah 44:12 (twice in verse); Jeremiah 44:18,27; Psalm 9:7 (but read דַּמּוּ), Psalm 104:35. 6 be complete, sound, unimpaired, ethically, Psalm 19:14 ("" נִקָּה; late). 7 twice, very strangely, si vera 1., transitive: Psalm 64:7 תמנו we have completed (read probably הֲתִמֹּנוּ); Jeremiah 27:8 עַדתֻּֿמֹּי אֹתָם בְּיָדוֺ (read with Gr תִּתִּי). Hiph`il Perfect1singular הֲתִמֹּ֫תִי Ezekiel 22:15; 3masculine plural הֵחַמּ֫וּ 2 Samuel 20:18; Imperfect יַתֵּם 2 Kings 22:4; 2masculine singular תַּתֵּם Job 22:3 (Ges§ 67y); Infinitive absolute הָחֵם Ezekiel 24:10; construct, id., Daniel 8:23 + Daniel 9:24 Qr (see Dr.); suffix הֲִתמְךְ (Ges§ 67v) Isaiah 33:1; — 1 finish, complete, perfect, a matter 2 Samuel 20:18 (but Qal, come to an end, with ה interrogative, We Dr and others); flesh in cooking Ezekiel 24:10. 2 finish, cease doing a thing, followed by participle (Ges§ 120b), שׁוֺדֵד Isaiah 33:1. 3 complete, sum up, with accusative money 2 Kings 22:4 (other conjectures Klo Gr Gi); transgressions Daniel 8:23; sin Daniel 9:24 (Qr; Kt חתם). 4 destroy uncleanness, with מן from, Ezekiel 22:15. 5 causative (of Qal 6): accusative דרכיך Job 22:3 make sound thy ways. Hithpa`el Imperfect2masculine singular תִּתַּמָּם 2 Samuel 22:26, with עִם deal in integrity with = Psalm 18:26 (late, see Qal 6). Topical Lexicon OverviewThe verb תָּמַם occurs about sixty-one times and consistently conveys the idea of bringing something to its full and proper end—whether a resource, a period of time, a work assignment, or a person’s earthly life. Because it speaks of completion rather than mere cessation, תָּמַם frequently marks decisive turning points in Israel’s history and in the lives of individuals. Completion of Material Resources Earliest occurrences deal with the exhaustion of money and grain in Egypt. “When the money in Egypt and Canaan was gone, all Egypt came to Joseph and said, ‘Give us food…’” (Genesis 47:15). The same language is repeated in Genesis 47:18. Here תָּמַם highlights human limitation and prepares the reader for God’s provision through Joseph. The Passing of Generations Moses recalls the wilderness years: “The time we took to come from Kadesh Barnea until we crossed the Zered Brook was thirty-eight years—until the entire generation of fighting men had perished” (Deuteronomy 2:14–15). תָּמַם punctuates covenant judgment; a generation’s end is not random attrition but fulfillment of the LORD’s oath (Numbers 14:35; Numbers 32:13). Completion of Divine Commands Joshua records, “When the entire nation had finished crossing the Jordan, the LORD said to Joshua…” (Joshua 4:1). The verb marks obedience brought to its goal, setting the stage for conquest. Similarly, Moses “finished speaking all these words to all Israel” (Deuteronomy 31:1, 24), sealing the covenantal witness of Deuteronomy. Construction and Craftsmanship In 1 Kings 6:38 תָּמַם signals the temple’s completion: “In the eleventh year… the temple was finished in all its parts and according to all its specifications.” The same idea governs the summary statement of 2 Chronicles 8:16, underscoring that sacred architecture must reach full conformity to divine pattern before worship can flourish. Divine Judgment Consummated Prophets employ the verb for the exhaustion of wrath. Ezekiel declares, “I will put an end to your lewdness” (Ezekiel 23:27), and Amos warns of a day when songs will turn to wailing “and in every place I will bring an end” (Amos 8:10). Judgment is not arbitrary; it comes to its appointed limit, demonstrating both God’s justice and His measured purpose. Moral and Spiritual Wholeness Although the adjective תָּמִים more directly expresses blamelessness, the verb supplies its dynamic background. Psalm 19:13 prays, “Then I will be blameless and innocent of great transgression.” The psalmist seeks not sinless perfection in isolation but a life brought to its intended integrity—completion in covenant loyalty. Foreshadowing Ultimate Fulfillment The Old Testament’s patterned use of תָּמַם prepares readers for the climactic declaration of Jesus Christ: “It is finished” (John 19:30). While the Greek verb differs, the theological continuity is clear: the redemptive work reaches its ordained end. The verb’s Old Testament trajectory thus amplifies confidence in Scripture’s unified message of promise and completion. Ministry and Discipleship Implications 1. Perseverance: Just as the temple could not serve until fully finished, believers are called to press on until faith’s work is complete (Philippians 1:6). Pastoral Reflection Every occurrence of תָּמַם reassures that history is not adrift. Whether the finishing of bread in a famine, the ending of an era in the wilderness, or the completion of Solomon’s temple, God controls both process and outcome. The verb invites believers to trust that what the LORD begins He unfailingly brings to completion—in personal sanctification, in congregational life, and ultimately in the consummation of His kingdom. Forms and Transliterations אֵיתָ֑ם איתם הֲתַ֣מּוּ הֵתַֽמּוּ׃ הָתֵ֖ם התם התמו התמו׃ וְיַתֵּ֣ם וְתַ֥ם וְתַ֨מּוּ וְתַמּוּ֩ וַֽיִּתְּמ֔וּ וַהֲתִמֹּתִ֥י וַיִּתֹּ֣ם וַתִּתֹּ֖ם וַתִּתֹּם֮ והתמתי ויתם ויתמו ותם ותמו ותתם יִתַּ֔מּוּ יִתַּ֖מּוּ יִתַּ֤מּוּ יִתָּֽמּוּ׃ יִתֹּ֣ם יתם יתמו יתמו׃ כְּהָתֵ֖ם כְּתָם־ כַּהֲתִֽמְךָ֤ כהתם כהתמך כתם־ תִּתַּמָּֽם׃ תִּתֻּ֖ם תַ֝֗מּוּ תַּ֖מְנוּ תַּ֙מּוּ֙ תַּ֜מּוּ תַּ֝֗מּוּ תַּ֣ם תַּ֣מּוּ תַּ֥ם תַּ֥מּוּ תַּ֭מְנוּ תַּם־ תַתֵּ֥ם תָ֔מְנוּ תָּ֑מּוּ תָּֽמְנוּ׃ תֹּ֣ם תֹּ֥ם תֹּ֨ם תֹּם֙ תֻּמִּ֥י תֻּמָּ֑ם תֻּמָּֽם׃ תֻּמָּם֙ תֻּמּֽוֹ׃ תם תם־ תמו תמו׃ תמי תמם תמם׃ תמנו תמנו׃ תתם תתמם׃ ’ê·ṯām ’êṯām eiTam hă·ṯam·mū hā·ṯêm haTammu hăṯammū haTem hāṯêm hê·ṯam·mū heTammu hêṯammū ka·hă·ṯim·ḵā kahatimCha kahăṯimḵā kə·hā·ṯêm kə·ṯām- kehaTem kəhāṯêm kəṯām- ketom tā·mə·nū ṯā·mə·nū tam tam- tam·mū tām·mū ṯam·mū tam·nū Tamenu tāmənū ṯāmənū Tammu tammū tāmmū ṯammū Tamnu tamnū ṯat·têm tatTem ṯattêm tit·tam·mām tit·tum tittamMam tittammām tittum tom tōm tum·mām tum·mî tum·mōw tumMam tummām tumMi tummî tumMo tummōw vahatimmoTi vaiyitteMu vaiyitTom vattitTom veTam veTammu veyatTem wa·hă·ṯim·mō·ṯî wahăṯimmōṯî wat·tit·tōm wattittōm way·yit·tə·mū way·yit·tōm wayyittəmū wayyittōm wə·ṯam wə·ṯam·mū wə·yat·têm wəṯam wəṯammū wəyattêm yit·tam·mū yit·tām·mū yit·tōm yitTammu yittammū yittāmmū yitTom yittōmLinks Interlinear Greek • Interlinear Hebrew • Strong's Numbers • Englishman's Greek Concordance • Englishman's Hebrew Concordance • Parallel TextsEnglishman's Concordance Genesis 47:15 HEB: וַיִּתֹּ֣ם הַכֶּ֗סֶף מֵאֶ֣רֶץ NAS: When the money was all spent in the land KJV: And when money failed in the land INT: was all the money the land Genesis 47:18 Genesis 47:18 Leviticus 26:20 Numbers 14:33 Numbers 14:35 Numbers 17:13 Numbers 32:13 Deuteronomy 2:14 Deuteronomy 2:15 Deuteronomy 2:16 Deuteronomy 31:24 Deuteronomy 31:30 Deuteronomy 34:8 Joshua 3:16 Joshua 3:17 Joshua 4:1 Joshua 4:10 Joshua 4:11 Joshua 5:6 Joshua 5:8 Joshua 8:24 Joshua 10:20 1 Samuel 16:11 2 Samuel 15:24 61 Occurrences |
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