Genesis 48:21-22
Jacob's blessing to Joseph, foretelling the inheritance of his sons.

Deuteronomy 7:1-2
God's command to drive out the inhabitants of the land completely.

Psalm 16:5-6
A reminder of the pleasant boundaries God sets for us.

Ephesians 1:11-14
Our inheritance in Christ as believers.Inheritance of the Promised Land
Joshua 16:1-4 describes the allotment of land to the tribes of Ephraim and Manasseh, the sons of Joseph. This inheritance is a fulfillment of God's promise to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob.

Specific Boundaries
Verses 5-9 detail the specific boundaries of the land given to the tribe of Ephraim. These boundaries were divinely appointed and significant for maintaining order and identity among the tribes.

Incomplete Obedience
In verse 10, we see that the Ephraimites did not drive out the Canaanites living in Gezer. This incomplete obedience would later lead to challenges and influences contrary to God's commands.

God's Faithfulness
The chapter underscores God's faithfulness in providing for His people, as He had promised. The land was a tangible sign of His covenant with Israel.Recognize God's Boundaries
Just as God set boundaries for the tribes, we should recognize and respect the boundaries He sets in our lives for our well-being.

Complete Obedience
Strive for complete obedience to God's commands, understanding that partial obedience can lead to future struggles.

Trust in God's Promises
Trust that God is faithful to fulfill His promises, even when circumstances seem uncertain.

Value Your Inheritance
Appreciate the spiritual inheritance we have in Christ, which is far greater than any earthly possession.1. Joseph
Although not directly mentioned in the text of Joshua 16, Joseph is the patriarch of the tribes of Ephraim and Manasseh. The chapter discusses the inheritance given to his descendants. Joseph's name in Hebrew is יוֹסֵף (Yosef), meaning "He will add."

2. Ephraim
The chapter refers to the tribe of Ephraim, which is one of the two tribes descended from Joseph. Ephraim was the younger son of Joseph, and his name in Hebrew is אֶפְרָיִם (Ephraim), meaning "fruitful."

3. Manasseh
While the focus of Joshua 16 is on the land allotted to Ephraim, Manasseh is also mentioned as the other tribe descended from Joseph. Manasseh was Joseph's elder son, and his name in Hebrew is מְנַשֶּׁה (Menasheh), meaning "causing to forget."1. Ataroth-addar
This location is mentioned as a boundary point. It is situated near the border between Ephraim and Benjamin.

2. Upper Beth-horon
A town on the border of Ephraim, known for its strategic location on a hill, which played a significant role in various biblical battles.

3. Lower Beth-horon
Another town on the border of Ephraim, located downhill from Upper Beth-horon, forming part of the boundary.

4. Gezer
A significant Canaanite city that was later given to the Levites. It is mentioned as part of the boundary of Ephraim.

5. Michmethath
A place on the northern boundary of Ephraim, near Shechem.

6. Taanath-shiloh
A location on the eastern boundary of Ephraim, possibly near the site of Shiloh, where the tabernacle was located.

7. Janoah
A town on the eastern boundary of Ephraim, further defining the territory.

8. Ataroth
Another location mentioned in the boundary description, distinct from Ataroth-addar.

9. Naarah
A place on the eastern boundary of Ephraim, contributing to the delineation of the territory.

10. Jericho
Although not within the territory of Ephraim, it is mentioned as a reference point for the boundary.

11. Jordan
The river that serves as a significant geographical marker, forming part of the eastern boundary.1. Inheritance of the Tribe of Joseph
The chapter begins by describing the allotment of land for the descendants of Joseph, which includes the tribes of Ephraim and Manasseh. The passage outlines the boundaries of their inheritance. The Hebrew term "נַחֲלָה" (nachalah) is used for "inheritance," emphasizing the concept of a divinely appointed portion of land.

2. Boundary Description for Ephraim
The text provides a detailed description of the territory assigned to the tribe of Ephraim. It starts from Ataroth-addar and extends to Upper Beth-horon. The boundaries are significant as they define the specific area that Ephraim would occupy.

3. Cities within Ephraim's Territory
The chapter notes that certain cities within the territory of Manasseh were given to Ephraim. This reflects the close relationship between the two tribes, both descendants of Joseph.

4. Failure to Drive Out the Canaanites
The chapter concludes by mentioning that the Ephraimites did not drive out the Canaanites living in Gezer. Instead, the Canaanites continued to dwell in the land, subject to forced labor. This event highlights a recurring theme in the book of Joshua, where the Israelites fail to fully obey God's command to remove the inhabitants of the land.1. The Allotment for Ephraim and Manasseh
Joshua 16 begins with the description of the land allotment for the descendants of Joseph, specifically the tribes of Ephraim and Manasseh. The passage outlines the boundaries and specific regions allocated to these tribes. This reflects the fulfillment of God's promise to Joseph's descendants, emphasizing the importance of inheritance and divine provision.

2. The Boundaries of Ephraim
Verses 5-9 detail the specific boundaries of the territory assigned to the tribe of Ephraim. The passage lists various geographical markers and cities, highlighting the precision and care in the distribution of the land. This underscores the significance of land as a tangible sign of God's covenant with Israel.

3. The Incomplete Conquest
Verse 10 notes that the Ephraimites did not drive out the Canaanites living in Gezer. Instead, the Canaanites continued to dwell among them, subjected to forced labor. This incomplete obedience to God's command to fully possess the land serves as a reminder of the consequences of partial obedience and the ongoing struggle between faithfulness and compromise.1. Inheritance and Land Allotment
Joshua 16 details the specific inheritance of the descendants of Joseph, particularly the tribes of Ephraim and Manasseh. The chapter begins with the description of their territorial boundaries: "The allotment for the descendants of Joseph extended from the Jordan at Jericho, east of the waters of Jericho, through the wilderness and into the hill country of Bethel" (Joshua 16:1). This theme emphasizes the fulfillment of God's promises to the Israelites regarding the land, highlighting the importance of divine providence and covenant faithfulness.

2. Divine Providence and Fulfillment of Promises
The chapter underscores God's faithfulness in fulfilling His promises to the patriarchs by providing their descendants with a land inheritance. The Hebrew root word for "inheritance" (נַחֲלָה, nachalah) signifies a possession or heritage, reflecting the divine gift of land as a fulfillment of God's covenant with Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob.

3. Tribal Identity and Unity
The passage highlights the distinct identity of the tribes of Ephraim and Manasseh, descendants of Joseph, while also emphasizing their unity as part of the larger community of Israel. The specific mention of their boundaries and cities (Joshua 16:5-9) serves to reinforce their unique role and contribution within the nation of Israel.

4. Incomplete Obedience and Coexistence with Canaanites
The chapter concludes with a note on the incomplete conquest of the land: "But they did not drive out the Canaanites living in Gezer; so to this day the Canaanites live among the Ephraimites, but they are forced laborers" (Joshua 16:10). This theme highlights the Israelites' partial obedience and the resulting coexistence with the Canaanites, which would later lead to spiritual and cultural challenges. The Hebrew root for "drive out" (יָרַשׁ, yarash) implies a complete dispossession, which was not fully achieved, indicating a lapse in following God's command.1. How do the boundary descriptions in Joshua 16:1–4 align with archaeological findings that suggest inconsistent Israelite settlement patterns in this region?

2. Why does Joshua 16:5–9 list towns that some excavations claim were never fully occupied by Israelites at that time?

3. How can Jericho be mentioned again (Joshua 16:1) if Joshua 6 supposedly left the city in total ruins?

4. Why does Joshua 16:10 say the Canaanites in Gezer became forced labor, yet 1 Kings 9:15–16 seems to contradict who controlled Gezer’s fate?

5. If God promised the land to Israel, why were the Ephraimites unable to drive out the Canaanites (Joshua 16:10), raising questions about divine promises?

1. What does the detailed description of the land allotted to the descendants of Joseph symbolize in the context of God's promises?

2. How does the division of the land among Ephraim and Manasseh reflect the importance of fairness and justice in the Bible?

3. What does the passage reveal about the geography and landmarks of the ancient land of Canaan?

4. How does the concept of "forced laborers" align or conflict with our modern understanding of justice and human rights?

5. Why might the Ephraimites have allowed the Canaanites to dwell among them, and what consequences might this have had?

6. What might be the reasons the Ephraimites did not drive out the Canaanites from Gezer?

7. How does this passage reflect the process of compromise and assimilation between different cultures and peoples in biblical times?

8. How does the inheritance of land correspond to God's promises to the Israelites, and what does this mean for us today?

9. How can the Ephraimites' decision to let the Canaanites live among them serve as a cautionary tale for Christians today?

10. What does this passage teach us about the potential consequences of incomplete obedience to God's commands?

11. How can we apply the lessons from Ephraim and Manasseh's inheritance of their land to our own understanding of inheritance and property today?

12. What challenges might the Ephraimites have faced in sharing their land with the Canaanites, and how can this reflect in our modern context?

13. How does the principle of obedience play out in this text, and how can we apply this to our lives today?

14. What do you think are some possible reasons for the specific demarcation of the territories among the Israelite tribes?

15. What does this passage reveal about the relationship between the Israelites and the Canaanites, and what does this tell us about historical relations between different peoples?

16. What does the role of the Canaanites as "forced laborers" tell us about the socio-economic structures of ancient Israelite society?

17. How do the Ephraimites' actions mirror ways we might tolerate or coexist with things we know are against God's will?

18. In today's society, how should we handle situations where we must live amongst those who do not share our beliefs or values?

19. How does this passage challenge us to consider the impact of our decisions and actions on future generations?

20. In what ways does this text prompt us to reflect on our responsibility to fully follow through on God's commands?