Arise, O Balak, and listen;
Balak, the king of Moab, is instructed to "arise" and "listen," emphasizing the importance and urgency of the message. The command to "arise" suggests a need for attention and respect towards the divine message. In the cultural context, kings were often seen as powerful and authoritative, yet here, Balak is reminded of his position under the authority of God's word. This reflects the biblical principle that all earthly rulers are subject to God's ultimate authority.

give ear to me, O son of Zippor.
The phrase "give ear" is a call for attentive listening, indicating that what follows is of great importance. By addressing Balak as the "son of Zippor," the text personalizes the message, reminding Balak of his identity and lineage. This can be seen as a humbling reminder that despite his royal status, he is still a man under God's dominion. The use of lineage also connects to the broader biblical theme of generational legacy and the impact of one's actions on future generations.

Numbers 23:18 opens with a scene-shifting statement: “Then Balaam lifted up an oracle, saying…”

• Balaam has already acknowledged in 22:38 and 23:5 that he can speak only what the LORD puts in his mouth. Even a prophet-for-hire is now a mouthpiece for divine truth, much like God later uses Caiaphas in John 11:49-52.

• Scripture repeatedly shows God overriding human motives to fulfill His own purposes (Genesis 50:20; Proverbs 19:21). Balaam’s lifted “oracle” signals that what follows carries the same authoritative weight as any other prophetic word.

• New-Testament writers confirm Balaam’s historical reality and spiritual lesson (2 Peter 2:15; Jude 11); his words here are every bit as literal and trustworthy as the rest of Scripture.

The oracle begins with a command: “Arise.”

• In biblical narrative, being told to rise often precedes a solemn encounter with God’s word—think of Ezekiel 2:1, Acts 9:6, or Jonah 1:2.

• Balak, king of Moab (Numbers 22:2-4), expected curses on Israel; instead, God summons him to stand respectfully before a blessing. The reversal mirrors Psalm 2:4-6, where earthly rulers plot in vain against God’s decree.

• The call to rise underscores accountability. Balak may be a king, but he will still answer to the King of kings (Exodus 9:16; Daniel 4:37).

The next imperative is “listen.”

• Hearing is the doorway to obedience (Deuteronomy 6:4-5; Romans 10:17). Balak cannot claim ignorance once the word is spoken.

• When Jesus said, “He who has ears to hear, let him hear” (Matthew 11:15), He echoed this same expectation: revelation demands response.

• Balaam, ironically, becomes a preacher of divine attentiveness even while harboring personal compromise (Revelation 2:14 shows his later downfall). God’s truth is flawless, even through flawed vessels.

Repetition deepens the appeal.

• “Give ear” is covenant language used by Moses (“Give ear, O heavens,” Deuteronomy 32:1) and the psalmists (Psalm 78:1). It signals a formal proclamation that affects nations.

• The double emphasis—listen, give ear—amplifies urgency. Balak has summoned Balaam three times; now Balaam, under God’s direction, summons Balak. Roles reverse, underscoring who truly holds authority (Isaiah 46:9-10).

• In practical terms, the verse models how God’s people should approach His Word: stop, stand, and tune in with undivided attention (James 1:22-25).

The oracle closes its opening address by naming Balak’s lineage.

• Scripture often uses patronymics to stress personal responsibility (1 Kings 21:29; Luke 3:23-38). Balak is not just “king”; he is a man, son of Zippor, answerable for his own decisions.

• The reminder that Balak’s authority is inherited, not innate, puts him in contrast with Israel’s God, whose authority is self-existent (Exodus 3:14).

• By spotlighting Balak’s earthly lineage, the text hints at the limits of human power when confronting the Sovereign LORD (Psalm 33:10-11).

Numbers 23:18 is far more than an introduction. Each phrase stacks layer upon layer of meaning: God can commandeer any voice, commands every ruler to rise before Him, and twice summons attentive hearing. By tagging Balak’s human pedigree, He shows that no lineage or throne exempts anyone from divine authority. The verse sets the stage for the blessing that follows, affirming that God’s covenant promises to Israel stand unassailable, and every attempt to curse what God has blessed will ultimately serve His glory.

Parallel Commentaries ...