like snakes
The comparison to snakes evokes the cunning and stealth of these creatures. In the ancient Near Eastern context, snakes were often associated with danger and deceit, as seen in the Genesis account of the serpent in the Garden of Eden (Genesis 3:1). The Hebrew word for snake, נָחָשׁ (nachash), can also imply enchantment or divination, suggesting a sinister and manipulative use of words. This metaphor underscores the deceptive nature of the enemies' speech, which can appear harmless but is ultimately deadly. The psalmist's use of this imagery serves as a warning to be wary of those who use their words to ensnare and deceive.

the venom of vipers
Venom, in this context, symbolizes the destructive and poisonous effect of malicious words. The Hebrew term for venom, חֲמַת (chamat), conveys a sense of fury or wrath, indicating the intense harm that can be inflicted through speech. Vipers, known for their deadly bite, further emphasize the lethal potential of such words. In biblical times, vipers were feared for their quick and often fatal strikes, making them a fitting metaphor for the sudden and devastating impact of slander and lies. This phrase serves as a reminder of the spiritual and emotional damage that can result from unchecked tongues, calling believers to seek God's protection and wisdom in dealing with such threats.

is on their lips
The placement of venom on the lips suggests that the danger is ever-present and ready to be unleashed. In the Hebrew tradition, the lips are often seen as the gateway for expression, and their use here indicates the immediacy and accessibility of the threat. This phrase highlights the ease with which harmful words can be spoken, reinforcing the need for self-control and discernment in speech. The psalmist's observation serves as a cautionary note to guard one's own words and to be mindful of the influence of others' speech.

Selah
The term "Selah" is a pause or interlude, inviting the reader to reflect on the preceding words. While its exact meaning is debated, it is often understood as a call to meditate on the truth and gravity of the message. In the context of this verse, "Selah" encourages the reader to consider the weight of the destructive power of words and the importance of seeking God's intervention and guidance. It serves as a moment to pause and internalize the lesson, prompting a response of prayer and trust in God's protection against the venomous attacks of others.

Adders.--The Hebrew word is peculiar to this place, and is explained by Gesenius to be a compound of two words, to represent "that which rolls itself up and lies in ambush." "Besides the cobra and the cerastes, several other species of venomous snakes are common in Syria, and we may apply the name, either generically or specifically, to the vipers. Two species, Vipera ammodytes and Vipera euphratica, we found to be very common. The former of these was known to Linnaeus as inhabiting Palestine. They are plainlycoloured serpents, with broad flat heads and suddenly-contracting tails" (Tristram, Nat. Hist. of the Bible, p. 275). The LXX. and Vulg. read "asp." (Comp. Romans 3:13.) . . .