The sons of Issachar:
Issachar was one of the twelve sons of Jacob, making him one of the patriarchs of the tribes of Israel. The tribe of Issachar was known for its wisdom and understanding of the times, as noted in 1 Chronicles 12:32. This wisdom is often associated with their ability to discern and make strategic decisions, which was crucial for the leadership and governance of Israel. The tribe's territory was located in the fertile Jezreel Valley, which was significant for agriculture and trade.

Tola:
Tola was the first son of Issachar mentioned here. His name means "worm" or "scarlet," which could symbolize humility or redemption. Tola is also noted as a judge of Israel in Judges 10:1-2, where he led Israel for 23 years. His leadership brought stability and peace to the nation after the turmoil of Abimelech's rule.

Puah:
Puah, also spelled Puvah in some translations, is the second son listed. His name means "splendid" or "blossom." The name Puah is also associated with one of the Hebrew midwives in Exodus 1:15, who defied Pharaoh's orders to kill Hebrew male infants, demonstrating courage and faithfulness to God.

Jashub:
Jashub, the third son, means "he will return" or "he will repent." This name may reflect a theme of repentance and restoration, which is a recurring motif throughout the Bible. The concept of returning to God is central to the prophetic messages in the Old Testament, calling Israel back to faithfulness.

Shimron—four in all:
Shimron is the fourth son, and his name means "watch" or "guard." This could imply a role of protection or vigilance. The mention of "four in all" emphasizes the completeness and unity of Issachar's lineage. The number four often symbolizes universality or completeness in biblical numerology, suggesting the full representation of Issachar's descendants.

The sons of Tola: Uzzi, Rephaiah, Jeriel, Jahmai, Ibsam, and Shemuel, the heads of their families.
Tola was one of the sons of Issachar, a tribe known for its wisdom and understanding of the times (1 Chronicles 12:32). The listing of Tola's sons highlights the importance of family lineage and leadership within the tribes of Israel. Each son is noted as a head of their family, indicating a position of authority and responsibility. This reflects the patriarchal structure of ancient Israelite society, where family heads played crucial roles in maintaining tribal identity and heritage. The names themselves, such as Uzzi (meaning "my strength") and Shemuel (meaning "heard of God"), may reflect the character or aspirations of the families.

In the days of David, 22,600 descendants of Tola were numbered in their genealogies as mighty men of valor.
This phrase situates the genealogy in the historical context of King David's reign, a time of consolidation and expansion for Israel. The numbering of 22,600 descendants as "mighty men of valor" underscores the military strength and capability of the tribe of Issachar. This aligns with the broader biblical narrative where David's reign is marked by military campaigns and the establishment of a united kingdom. The term "mighty men of valor" is often used in the Old Testament to describe warriors of great courage and skill, such as David's own elite warriors (2 Samuel 23:8-39). This connection emphasizes the role of the tribe of Issachar in supporting David's kingship and contributing to the defense and stability of Israel.

The son of Uzzi: Izrahiah.
Uzzi is a name that appears several times in the genealogies of Israel, indicating a common name among the tribes. Izrahiah, his son, is mentioned here as part of the genealogy of Issachar, one of the twelve tribes of Israel. This lineage emphasizes the continuity and importance of family heritage in Israelite society. Genealogies were crucial for maintaining tribal identity and inheritance rights, as well as fulfilling God's promises to the patriarchs.

The sons of Izrahiah: Michael, Obadiah, Joel, and Isshiah.
The names listed here are significant in biblical history. Michael, meaning "Who is like God?" is a name that appears elsewhere in the Bible, notably as an archangel. Obadiah, meaning "Servant of Yahweh," is also the name of a minor prophet, suggesting a legacy of faithfulness. Joel, meaning "Yahweh is God," is another prophetic name, pointing to the centrality of God in Israel's identity. Isshiah, meaning "Yahweh will lend," reflects a reliance on divine provision. These names collectively underscore the spiritual heritage and leadership within the tribe of Issachar.

All five of them were chiefs.
The designation of these men as chiefs indicates their leadership roles within the tribe. In ancient Israel, chiefs were responsible for military, judicial, and administrative duties, ensuring the welfare and order of their people. This leadership structure was essential for maintaining the tribal confederation of Israel. The mention of all five as chiefs highlights the prominence and influence of Izrahiah's lineage within the tribe, suggesting a family known for its leadership and service to the community.

In addition to them
This phrase refers to the descendants of Issachar mentioned earlier in the chapter. The context is a genealogical record, emphasizing the importance of lineage and heritage in Israelite society. The tribe of Issachar was known for its wisdom and understanding of the times, as noted in 1 Chronicles 12:32. This highlights the significance of their contribution to the military strength of Israel.

according to their genealogy
Genealogies were crucial in ancient Israel for establishing identity, inheritance rights, and tribal affiliation. They served as a record of God's faithfulness in preserving His people. The genealogical records in Chronicles emphasize the continuity of God's covenant with Israel, tracing the lineage from the patriarchs to the post-exilic community.

they had 36,000 troops for battle
The mention of 36,000 troops underscores the military capability and readiness of the tribe of Issachar. This reflects the broader theme in Chronicles of highlighting the strength and organization of the tribes of Israel. The number signifies a substantial force, indicating the tribe's significant role in the defense and warfare of the nation.

for they had many wives and children
Polygamy was a common practice in ancient Israel, often associated with wealth and status. Having many wives and children was seen as a blessing and a means to ensure the growth and continuation of one's lineage. This practice contributed to the large number of troops, as more descendants meant more potential soldiers. The cultural context of polygamy is evident in the lives of several biblical figures, such as King David and Solomon, though it often led to familial and spiritual complications.

Their kinsmen belonging to all the families of Issachar
The tribe of Issachar was one of the twelve tribes of Israel, descended from Jacob's son Issachar. This phrase highlights the unity and collective identity of the tribe, emphasizing their familial connections. Issachar's territory was located in the fertile Jezreel Valley, which was significant for agriculture and trade. The tribe is often associated with wisdom and understanding, as seen in 1 Chronicles 12:32, where the men of Issachar are described as having understanding of the times.

who were mighty men of valor
This description indicates that the men of Issachar were not only numerous but also renowned for their bravery and strength. The term "mighty men of valor" is used throughout the Old Testament to describe warriors who were skilled in battle and courageous. This valor is a reflection of their role in defending their land and people, and it connects to the broader biblical theme of God empowering His people for victory, as seen in the stories of Gideon and David.

totaled 87,000
The specific number given here underscores the significant size and strength of the tribe of Issachar. In the context of ancient Israel, large numbers were often a sign of divine blessing and favor. This figure also reflects the importance of genealogical records in maintaining tribal identity and heritage. The large number may also symbolize completeness or fullness, a common biblical motif.

as listed in their genealogies
Genealogies were crucial in ancient Israel for establishing identity, inheritance rights, and tribal affiliation. They served as a record of God's faithfulness in preserving His people. The genealogical records in Chronicles emphasize continuity and the fulfillment of God's promises to the patriarchs. This phrase also highlights the meticulous nature of record-keeping in Israelite society, which was essential for maintaining the integrity of the tribal system.

The three sons of Benjamin:
Benjamin was the youngest son of Jacob and Rachel, and his descendants formed one of the twelve tribes of Israel. The tribe of Benjamin held a significant position in Israel's history, providing the first king, Saul. The mention of Benjamin's sons here highlights the genealogical records that were crucial for maintaining tribal identities and inheritance rights. The tribe of Benjamin was known for its warriors and played a key role in various battles, including those during the period of the Judges and the early monarchy.

Bela,
Bela is often listed as the firstborn son of Benjamin. His descendants are mentioned in several genealogical records, indicating their importance within the tribe. The name Bela means "destruction" or "devouring," which may reflect the character or fate of his lineage. Bela's descendants settled in various regions, contributing to the expansion and influence of the tribe of Benjamin.

Becher,
Becher is another son of Benjamin, though his mention in genealogies varies. The name Becher means "young camel" or "firstborn," suggesting a position of prominence or strength. His descendants are less frequently mentioned, but they were part of the tribal structure that contributed to the overall strength and unity of Benjamin. The variations in genealogical records may reflect different traditions or historical circumstances.

and Jediael.
Jediael is listed as a son of Benjamin, though not always consistently across different biblical records. The name Jediael means "God knows" or "known by God," indicating a divine connection or favor. His descendants are noted for their valor and military prowess, aligning with the reputation of the tribe of Benjamin as skilled warriors. The inclusion of Jediael in this genealogy underscores the importance of divine acknowledgment and blessing in the lineage of Israel.

The sons of Bela: Ezbon, Uzzi, Uzziel, Jerimoth, and Iri
Bela was the firstborn son of Benjamin, one of the twelve tribes of Israel. The listing of his sons—Ezbon, Uzzi, Uzziel, Jerimoth, and Iri—reflects the importance of family lineage in Israelite society. Each name represents a family head, indicating their role in maintaining the tribal structure. The names themselves may carry meanings that reflect the character or destiny of the individuals, a common practice in biblical times. For example, "Uzzi" means "my strength," which could imply a strong or influential family line.

heads of their families—five in all
The phrase "heads of their families" underscores the patriarchal nature of ancient Israelite society, where family leadership was typically passed down through male descendants. The number five may symbolize completeness or strength, as numbers often hold symbolic significance in biblical texts. These family heads would have been responsible for the welfare and leadership of their respective clans, playing crucial roles in tribal governance and military organization.

There were 22,034 mighty men of valor
The mention of "22,034 mighty men of valor" highlights the military capability and strength of the tribe of Benjamin. "Mighty men of valor" is a term used throughout the Old Testament to describe warriors of exceptional bravery and skill. This large number indicates the significant contribution of Bela's descendants to the military forces of Israel, reflecting the tribe's importance in national defense and warfare. The emphasis on valor also points to the cultural value placed on courage and heroism.

listed in their genealogies
Genealogies were vital in ancient Israel for establishing identity, inheritance rights, and tribal affiliation. Being "listed in their genealogies" ensured that these men were recognized as legitimate members of the tribe of Benjamin, with all the rights and responsibilities that entailed. This record-keeping was crucial for maintaining the integrity of the tribal system and for fulfilling God's promises to the patriarchs regarding their descendants. Genealogies also serve a theological purpose, demonstrating God's faithfulness in preserving His people throughout generations.

The sons of Becher:
Becher is one of the sons of Benjamin, as listed in the genealogies of the tribes of Israel. The genealogies in 1 Chronicles serve to establish the historical and tribal lineage of the Israelites, emphasizing the importance of family heritage and God's covenant with His people. Becher's descendants are part of the tribe of Benjamin, which holds significance in Israel's history, being the tribe of King Saul and later, the Apostle Paul.

Zemirah, Joash, Eliezer, Elioenai, Omri, Jeremoth, Abijah, Anathoth, and Alemeth:
These names represent the sons of Becher, each contributing to the growth and development of the tribe of Benjamin. The listing of names in genealogies often reflects the importance of maintaining a record of God's people and their inheritance. Some of these names appear elsewhere in Scripture, providing connections to other biblical narratives. For example, Anathoth is also a town in the territory of Benjamin, known as the hometown of the prophet Jeremiah (Jeremiah 1:1). This connection highlights the continuity of God's work through generations.

All these were Becher’s sons:
The emphasis on "all these" underscores the completeness of Becher's lineage, ensuring that each descendant is recognized as part of the covenant community. This phrase reinforces the importance of family and tribal identity in ancient Israel, where lineage determined one's role and inheritance within the community. The genealogies in Chronicles serve as a reminder of God's faithfulness to His promises, as each name represents a link in the chain of God's unfolding plan for His people.

Their genealogies were recorded
Genealogies in the Bible serve to establish identity, heritage, and legitimacy. In the context of 1 Chronicles, genealogies emphasize the continuity of God's people and His promises. The recording of genealogies was crucial for maintaining tribal and family identities, especially after the Babylonian exile. This practice ensured that land inheritance and tribal duties were preserved according to the Law of Moses.

according to the heads of their families
The phrase highlights the patriarchal structure of ancient Israelite society, where family lineage and leadership were traced through male ancestors. This structure was essential for organizing the tribes of Israel, particularly in military and religious contexts. The heads of families were responsible for representing their households in tribal matters and ensuring adherence to covenantal obligations.

20,200 mighty men of valor
This number reflects the military strength and readiness of the tribe mentioned. "Mighty men of valor" indicates not only physical prowess but also courage and loyalty. Such men were vital for the defense and expansion of Israel during the conquest of Canaan and subsequent periods. The emphasis on valor connects to the broader biblical theme of God empowering His people to overcome their enemies, as seen in the stories of Joshua and David. The specific number underscores the importance of each tribe's contribution to the collective security and mission of Israel.

The son of Jediael: Bilhan.
Jediael is listed among the descendants of Benjamin, one of the twelve tribes of Israel. This genealogy highlights the importance of lineage and heritage in Israelite culture, emphasizing the continuity of God's promises through specific family lines. Bilhan, as the son of Jediael, represents a link in this chain, underscoring the significance of each generation in maintaining the covenant relationship with God. The name Bilhan may mean "their decrepitude" or "modest," reflecting the cultural practice of naming children with meanings that could reflect circumstances or hopes.

The sons of Bilhan: Jeush, Benjamin, Ehud, Chenaanah, Zethan, Tarshish, and Ahishahar.
This list of Bilhan's sons provides insight into the expansion and growth of the tribe of Benjamin. Each name carries its own significance and potential historical or cultural implications. Jeush, meaning "assembler" or "he will gather," could imply a role in uniting or leading people. Benjamin, sharing the name with the patriarch of the tribe, reinforces the connection to the tribe's origins and identity. Ehud, meaning "united" or "strong," is a name shared with a notable judge in Israel's history, known for delivering Israel from Moabite oppression (Judges 3:15-30). This connection may suggest a legacy of leadership and deliverance within the family line. Chenaanah, meaning "trader" or "merchant," could indicate involvement in commerce or trade, reflecting the economic activities of the time. Zethan, whose meaning is less clear, may still hold cultural or familial significance. Tarshish, often associated with distant lands and trade, suggests a connection to broader geographical and economic networks. Ahishahar, meaning "my brother is dawn," could symbolize hope or new beginnings, reflecting the aspirations of the family or tribe. Each name contributes to the tapestry of Israel's history, illustrating the diverse roles and contributions of its people.

All these sons of Jediael
Jediael is listed as a descendant of Benjamin, one of the twelve tribes of Israel. The mention of his sons highlights the importance of lineage and family heritage in Israelite society. This reflects the tribal structure of ancient Israel, where family and tribal affiliations were crucial for identity and inheritance. The genealogies in Chronicles emphasize the continuity of God's people and their covenant relationship with Him.

were heads of their families
Being heads of their families indicates leadership roles within their clans. In ancient Israel, family heads were responsible for the welfare and spiritual guidance of their households. This role often included making decisions in legal and religious matters, reflecting the patriarchal structure of society. Leadership in the family was seen as a reflection of God's order and authority.

mighty men of valor
This phrase denotes their reputation as warriors and their capability in battle. The term "mighty men of valor" is used throughout the Old Testament to describe individuals who demonstrated exceptional bravery and skill in warfare. This highlights the importance of military strength in maintaining the security and stability of the nation. It also reflects the biblical theme of God empowering His people to overcome their enemies.

there were 17,200 fit for battle
The specific number of 17,200 indicates a substantial military force, emphasizing the strength and preparedness of Jediael's descendants. This number underscores the importance of being ready for conflict in a time when Israel faced threats from surrounding nations. The precision of the number also reflects the chronicler's attention to detail and the importance of record-keeping in ancient Israel. This readiness for battle can be seen as a metaphor for spiritual preparedness, a theme echoed in the New Testament where believers are called to be spiritually vigilant and equipped.

The Shuppites and Huppites were descendants of Ir
The Shuppites and Huppites are mentioned as descendants of Ir, a lesser-known figure in the genealogies of 1 Chronicles. The genealogies in Chronicles often serve to establish tribal and familial connections among the Israelites, emphasizing the continuity of God's people. The names Shuppites and Huppites are also found in other genealogical records, such as Numbers 26:39, where they are associated with the tribe of Benjamin. This connection highlights the importance of tribal identity and heritage in ancient Israel. The mention of these groups underscores the detailed record-keeping and the significance of lineage in maintaining the covenant community.

and the Hushites were descendants of Aher
The Hushites, identified as descendants of Aher, present a more complex genealogical note. The name Aher is not widely recognized in other biblical texts, leading to various interpretations. Some scholars suggest that Aher might be a variant or scribal error for another name, possibly Dan, as seen in some Septuagint manuscripts. This ambiguity reflects the challenges of ancient textual transmission and the importance of careful study to understand the historical context. The inclusion of the Hushites in this genealogy emphasizes the diversity within the tribes of Israel and the broader narrative of God's unfolding plan through various family lines.

The sons of Naphtali:
Naphtali was one of the twelve tribes of Israel, named after the sixth son of Jacob and his wife Bilhah. The tribe of Naphtali settled in the northern region of Canaan, an area known for its fertile land and proximity to the Sea of Galilee. This location played a significant role in the tribe's history, as it was often a site of conflict and conquest due to its strategic importance. The tribe's territory included key cities such as Kedesh and Hazor. In biblical prophecy, Naphtali is mentioned in Isaiah 9:1-2, which is later referenced in Matthew 4:13-16, highlighting the region's significance in the ministry of Jesus Christ.

Jahziel, Guni, Jezer, and Shallum—
These names represent the sons of Naphtali, who are also listed in Genesis 46:24 and Numbers 26:48-49. The repetition of these names across different genealogical records underscores the importance of lineage and heritage in Israelite culture. Each name carries its own meaning and significance: Jahziel means "God apportions," Guni means "protected," Jezer means "formation," and Shallum means "retribution" or "peace." These names reflect the values and beliefs of the time, often serving as reminders of God's providence and protection.

the descendants of Bilhah.
Bilhah was Rachel's maidservant, given to Jacob as a concubine. Her role in the family dynamics of Jacob's household is significant, as she bore him two sons, Dan and Naphtali, who became heads of their respective tribes. The mention of Bilhah here highlights the complex family relationships and the practice of using maidservants to bear children, a common custom in ancient Near Eastern cultures. This practice is also seen in the stories of Sarah and Hagar, and Leah and Zilpah. The inclusion of Bilhah's descendants in the genealogical record emphasizes the legitimacy and importance of all tribes in the history of Israel, regardless of their maternal lineage.

The descendants of Manasseh:
Manasseh was the firstborn son of Joseph, one of the twelve tribes of Israel. His descendants were part of the half-tribe that settled on the east side of the Jordan River. This phrase highlights the continuation of Joseph's lineage and the fulfillment of God's promise to Abraham regarding his descendants. The tribe of Manasseh played a significant role in the history of Israel, often associated with military prowess and territorial expansion.

Asriel through his Aramean concubine:
Asriel is identified as a descendant of Manasseh, born through an Aramean concubine. This indicates a blending of cultures and peoples, as Arameans were a Semitic people living in the region of modern-day Syria. The mention of a concubine reflects the social and familial structures of the time, where concubinage was a common practice for expanding family lines and alliances. This also shows the integration of non-Israelite elements into the Israelite community, which is a recurring theme in the Old Testament.

She also gave birth to Machir the father of Gilead:
Machir is a significant figure as he is recognized as the father of Gilead, a region east of the Jordan River known for its balm and rugged terrain. The Gileadites were known for their valor and were often involved in the defense and expansion of Israelite territory. This lineage emphasizes the importance of Machir's descendants in the tribal and military history of Israel. The connection to Gilead also has prophetic undertones, as the region is mentioned in various prophecies and is symbolic of healing and restoration in the Bible.

Machir took a wife from among the Huppites and Shuppites.
Machir was the firstborn son of Manasseh, the son of Joseph, and he became the father of Gilead. The Huppites and Shuppites were clans within the tribe of Benjamin, indicating inter-tribal marriages, which were common in Israel to strengthen alliances and maintain unity among the tribes. This marriage reflects the interconnectedness of the tribes of Israel and the importance of family lineage in maintaining tribal identity and inheritance rights.

The name of his sister was Maacah.
Maacah is a name that appears several times in the Old Testament, often associated with women of significance. The mention of Machir's sister by name suggests her importance in the genealogical record, possibly due to her marriage alliances or her role in the family. In ancient Israel, women were often identified in genealogies when they played a crucial role in the continuation of a family line or when they were connected to significant events or figures.

Another descendant was named Zelophehad, who had only daughters.
Zelophehad was a descendant of Manasseh, and his story is significant in the context of Israelite inheritance laws. His daughters—Mahlah, Noah, Hoglah, Milcah, and Tirzah—are noted for their appeal to Moses for the right to inherit their father's property, as he had no sons. This led to a change in the inheritance laws, allowing daughters to inherit if there were no sons, as recorded in Numbers 27:1-11. This legal precedent highlights the evolving understanding of justice and equity in Israelite society and underscores the importance of preserving family inheritance within the tribe. The story of Zelophehad's daughters is also a testament to the active role women could play in shaping the legal and social structures of their time.

Machir’s wife Maacah gave birth to a son
Machir was the firstborn son of Manasseh, one of the tribes of Israel. Maacah, his wife, is mentioned here, highlighting the importance of lineage and family heritage in Israelite culture. The birth of a son was significant, as it ensured the continuation of the family line and inheritance rights. This reflects the patriarchal society of ancient Israel, where lineage through the male line was crucial.

and she named him Peresh
The act of naming a child was significant in biblical times, often reflecting circumstances of birth, prophetic insights, or parental hopes. The name Peresh means "division" or "separation," which could imply a future role or characteristic of the child. Naming by the mother is notable, as it sometimes indicates a special circumstance or divine intervention, similar to other biblical narratives where mothers name their children.

His brother was named Sheresh
Sheresh, meaning "root" or "foundation," suggests stability or foundational strength. The mention of brothers highlights the importance of family ties and the potential for future tribal leadership or influence. The naming of both brothers together may indicate their joint significance in the genealogical record of the tribe of Manasseh.

and his sons were Ulam and Rekem
Ulam and Rekem, the sons of Sheresh, continue the genealogical line. Ulam means "porch" or "vestibule," possibly symbolizing a place of gathering or entry, while Rekem means "variegation" or "embroidery," suggesting diversity or intricacy. These names may reflect the roles or characteristics expected of them within their family or tribe. The continuation of the lineage through these sons emphasizes the importance of family heritage and the fulfillment of God's promises to the tribes of Israel.

The son of Ulam: Bedan.
Ulam is a lesser-known figure in the genealogies of the tribes of Israel. His son, Bedan, is mentioned here, and while not much is detailed about Bedan in this specific passage, he is possibly the same Bedan mentioned in 1 Samuel 12:11 as a judge of Israel, though this identification is debated. The name Bedan means "son of judgment" or "servant," which could reflect his role or character. This mention highlights the importance of family lineage and heritage in Israelite culture, where genealogies were crucial for establishing tribal identity and inheritance rights.

These were the sons of Gilead
Gilead is both a person and a region in biblical texts. As a person, Gilead is the son of Machir, who is the son of Manasseh, one of Joseph's sons. The region of Gilead, known for its balm, is located east of the Jordan River and is often associated with healing and fertility. The sons of Gilead would have been part of the half-tribe of Manasseh that settled in this fertile area, which was significant for its strategic location and resources.

son of Machir,
Machir is recognized as the firstborn of Manasseh and is often associated with strength and leadership. In Numbers 32:39-40, Machir's descendants are noted for their military prowess and were granted the land of Gilead by Moses. This highlights the fulfillment of God's promises to the tribes of Israel regarding their inheritance in the Promised Land. Machir's lineage is significant in maintaining the continuity of the tribe of Manasseh and its role in Israel's history.

the son of Manasseh.
Manasseh was the firstborn son of Joseph and Asenath, an Egyptian woman. His name means "causing to forget," reflecting Joseph's desire to forget his hardships in Egypt. Manasseh, along with his brother Ephraim, was adopted by Jacob as his own sons, thus receiving a portion of the inheritance among the tribes of Israel (Genesis 48:5). The tribe of Manasseh played a crucial role in the settlement of Canaan, with half the tribe settling east of the Jordan and the other half west. This dual settlement reflects the tribe's significant size and influence. The mention of Manasseh in this genealogy underscores the fulfillment of God's covenant promises to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, as their descendants continue to multiply and inhabit the land.

His sister Hammolecheth
Hammolecheth is mentioned as a sister, indicating her connection to the family lineage of Gilead, a descendant of Manasseh. The mention of a sister in genealogies is less common, highlighting her significance. Her name, meaning "queen" or "ruler," suggests a position of influence or importance within her family or tribe. This reflects the broader biblical theme of women playing crucial roles in God's plan, as seen with figures like Deborah and Esther.

gave birth to Ishhod, Abiezer, and Mahlah.
The mention of her children, Ishhod, Abiezer, and Mahlah, contributes to the genealogical record of the tribe of Manasseh. Ishhod's name means "man of glory," which may imply a person of notable character or achievement. Abiezer is significant as he is the ancestor of the Abiezrites, a clan within the tribe of Manasseh. This clan is notably connected to Gideon, a judge of Israel, who delivered Israel from Midianite oppression (Judges 6-8). Mahlah, whose name means "sickness" or "disease," might reflect a personal or familial circumstance, though the exact reason for this name is not detailed in the text. The inclusion of these names underscores the importance of family lineage in Israel's history and God's covenantal promises to the tribes of Israel.

And these were the sons of Shemida:
Shemida is a descendant of Manasseh, one of the sons of Joseph. The tribe of Manasseh was one of the two half-tribes that settled on both sides of the Jordan River. This lineage highlights the importance of family and tribal connections in Israel's history. The genealogies in Chronicles serve to establish the continuity of God's people and their inheritance in the Promised Land.

Ahian:
The name Ahian means "brotherly" or "fraternal." Names in biblical times often carried significant meaning, reflecting character or destiny. Ahian's inclusion in the genealogy underscores the importance of each family member in the broader narrative of Israel's history, even if specific deeds are not recorded.

Shechem:
Shechem is both a person and a significant city in biblical history. The city of Shechem was a central location in the land of Canaan, known for its early association with Abraham and later as a city of refuge. The name here likely refers to a person, but it evokes the city's historical and spiritual significance as a place of covenant renewal and worship.

Likhi:
Little is known about Likhi, as he is not mentioned elsewhere in the Bible. His inclusion in the genealogy emphasizes the comprehensive nature of the chronicler's record, ensuring that all branches of the family are acknowledged. This reflects the biblical theme of God's concern for all individuals within His covenant community.

Aniam:
Aniam's name means "people of grace" or "people of favor." This name may reflect the hope or prayer of the family for God's favor upon their descendants. The chronicler's attention to detail in listing these names serves to remind readers of the personal nature of God's relationship with His people, where each individual and family is known and valued.

The descendants of Ephraim:
Ephraim was one of the two sons of Joseph, born to him in Egypt. Ephraim and his brother Manasseh were adopted by Jacob as his own sons, thus receiving a portion of the inheritance among the tribes of Israel. Ephraim's descendants became one of the most prominent tribes in Israel, often representing the northern kingdom. The tribe's territory was centrally located in the land of Canaan, which included significant sites such as Shiloh, where the tabernacle was located for a time.

Shuthelah:
Shuthelah is listed as a direct descendant of Ephraim. His name appears in other genealogical records, such as Numbers 26:35, where the family of the Shuthelahites is mentioned. This indicates the establishment of a clan within the tribe of Ephraim, contributing to the tribe's growth and influence.

Bered his son:
Bered is noted as the son of Shuthelah. The genealogical records in Chronicles often serve to establish the continuity and legitimacy of tribal lines. While not much is known about Bered specifically, his inclusion underscores the importance of maintaining detailed family records in Israelite culture.

Tahath his son:
Tahath is another link in the genealogical chain. The repetition of names like Tahath in the genealogy may indicate the common practice of naming descendants after ancestors, reflecting a desire to honor family heritage and maintain continuity within the tribe.

Eleadah his son:
Eleadah is listed as the son of Tahath. The genealogies in Chronicles often highlight the faithfulness of God in preserving the lineage of His people, despite the challenges and disruptions they faced throughout history.

Tahath his son:
The repetition of the name Tahath suggests a cyclical pattern in the genealogy, which may symbolize the enduring nature of the tribe of Ephraim. This pattern can also be seen as a reflection of the broader biblical theme of God's faithfulness to His covenant promises, ensuring the survival and prosperity of His chosen people through successive generations.

Zabad his son, and Shuthelah his son.
This phrase lists descendants of Ephraim, one of Joseph's sons, highlighting the continuation of his lineage. The mention of Zabad and Shuthelah emphasizes the importance of genealogies in chronicling the tribes of Israel. Genealogies served to establish identity, inheritance rights, and fulfillment of God's promises to the patriarchs. Shuthelah is also mentioned in Numbers 26:35, indicating the persistence of his lineage within the tribe of Ephraim.

Ezer and Elead were killed by the natives of Gath,
Ezer and Elead, also descendants of Ephraim, met their demise at the hands of the Philistines from Gath. Gath was one of the five major Philistine cities, known for its formidable warriors, including Goliath (1 Samuel 17:4). This incident reflects the ongoing hostilities between the Israelites and the Philistines, a recurring theme throughout the Old Testament. The Philistines were a constant threat to Israel, often engaging in battles and raids.

because they went down to steal their livestock.
The act of stealing livestock indicates a time of economic hardship or desperation, possibly due to famine or conflict. Livestock was a valuable resource, essential for sustenance and trade. This event underscores the moral and ethical challenges faced by the Israelites, as well as the consequences of their actions. The narrative serves as a cautionary tale about the dangers of coveting and taking what belongs to others, echoing the commandment against stealing (Exodus 20:15).

Their father Ephraim mourned for many days
Ephraim, one of the sons of Joseph, is a significant figure in the history of Israel. The mourning mentioned here is due to the death of his sons, Ezer and Elead, who were killed by the men of Gath. This event highlights the ongoing conflicts between the Israelites and the Philistines, as Gath was a Philistine city. Mourning for many days indicates the depth of Ephraim's grief, reflecting the cultural practices of extended mourning periods in ancient Israel, which were common for significant losses. This mourning also underscores the importance of family and lineage in Israelite society, as Ephraim's descendants were meant to carry on his legacy.

and his relatives came to comfort him
The act of relatives coming to comfort Ephraim is consistent with the communal nature of ancient Israelite society, where family and kinship ties were strong. Comforting the bereaved was an important social and religious duty, as seen in other biblical accounts such as Job's friends coming to comfort him (Job 2:11). This practice is rooted in the understanding of shared grief and the support system provided by the community. It also reflects the biblical principle of bearing one another's burdens, as encouraged in Galatians 6:2. The presence of relatives during mourning periods was a way to provide emotional support and to help the grieving process, emphasizing the value placed on family unity and compassion.

And again he slept with his wife
This phrase indicates a continuation of the marital relationship between Ephraim and his wife. In the biblical context, the act of sleeping with one's wife is often associated with the fulfillment of God's command to be fruitful and multiply (Genesis 1:28). It also reflects the intimacy and covenantal bond within marriage, as seen throughout Scripture.

and she conceived and gave birth to a son.
The conception and birth of a son are significant in the biblical narrative, often seen as a blessing from God (Psalm 127:3). Sons were particularly valued in ancient Israelite culture for carrying on the family name and inheritance. This event follows a period of mourning for Ephraim, suggesting a renewal of hope and continuation of his lineage.

So he named him Beriah,
Naming in the Bible often carries deep significance, reflecting circumstances of birth or prophetic insights. The name "Beriah" is derived from a root meaning "in trouble" or "misfortune," indicating the context of his birth. Names in Scripture frequently reveal character or destiny, as seen with figures like Jacob (Genesis 25:26) and Jesus (Matthew 1:21).

because tragedy had come upon his house.
This phrase refers to the earlier tragedy where Ephraim's sons were killed by the men of Gath (1 Chronicles 7:21). The naming of Beriah serves as a memorial to this sorrowful event. It highlights the theme of suffering and redemption, a recurring motif in the Bible, where God often brings restoration after loss, as seen in the stories of Job and Joseph.

His daughter was Sheerah
Sheerah is a unique figure in the Bible, as she is one of the few women mentioned in the genealogies of 1 Chronicles. Her inclusion highlights her significance, possibly due to her achievements. In a patriarchal society, her mention suggests she held a notable position or accomplished something extraordinary. This can be seen as a reflection of God's use of both men and women to fulfill His purposes, similar to other prominent women in the Bible like Deborah (Judges 4-5) and Esther.

who built Lower and Upper Beth-horon
Beth-horon refers to two towns, Lower and Upper, strategically located on the border of Ephraim and Benjamin. These towns were significant for their military and trade routes, as they controlled the ascent from the coastal plain to the hill country. The construction of these towns by Sheerah indicates her role in establishing and fortifying important locations for the Israelites. This act of building can be seen as a type of Christ, who is the ultimate builder of His church (Matthew 16:18). The towns are also mentioned in Joshua 10:10-11, where God aids Israel in battle, demonstrating His sovereignty and protection over His people.

as well as Uzzen-sheerah
Uzzen-sheerah is likely a town or settlement named after Sheerah herself, indicating her influence and legacy. The naming of a place after an individual was a way to honor their contributions or leadership. This reflects the cultural practice of memorializing significant figures through place names, similar to how cities and landmarks are named today. The mention of Uzzen-sheerah alongside Beth-horon underscores Sheerah's impact on the region and her role in the development of Israelite society. This can be seen as a foreshadowing of the eternal legacy believers have in Christ, as they are called to build and leave a lasting impact for God's kingdom (1 Corinthians 3:10-15).

Additionally, Rephah was his son
This phrase introduces Rephah as a descendant in the genealogy of Ephraim, one of the tribes of Israel. The genealogies in 1 Chronicles serve to establish the lineage and heritage of the tribes, emphasizing the continuity of God's promises to Israel. Rephah's mention, though brief, underscores the importance of family lineage in maintaining tribal identity and inheritance rights. The name Rephah is not widely referenced elsewhere, suggesting that some genealogical records may have been more significant to the original audience than to later readers.

Resheph his son
Resheph is listed as the son of Rephah, continuing the genealogical line. The name Resheph is also associated with a Canaanite deity of plague and war, which may indicate cultural influences or naming conventions of the time. This highlights the complex interactions between the Israelites and surrounding cultures. The inclusion of Resheph in the genealogy underscores the chronicler's intent to preserve the history and heritage of the tribe of Ephraim.

Telah his son
Telah is the next in the line of descent. The genealogies in Chronicles often serve to connect the past with the present, providing a sense of identity and continuity for the post-exilic community. Telah's mention, like others in this list, contributes to the broader narrative of God's faithfulness to His people through successive generations. The chronicler's focus on these genealogies reflects the importance of lineage in understanding one's place within the covenant community.

Tahan his son
Tahan is the final name in this particular sequence, further extending the genealogy. The chronicler's detailed recording of these names serves to affirm the historical reality of the tribes and their members. Tahan's inclusion in the genealogy of Ephraim highlights the ongoing fulfillment of God's promises to the patriarchs, as the tribe of Ephraim played a significant role in the history of Israel. The genealogical record serves as a reminder of God's providence and the enduring legacy of His people.

Ladan his son
Ladan is a descendant of Manasseh, one of the tribes of Israel. The genealogy here highlights the continuity of the Israelite lineage, emphasizing the importance of family heritage in maintaining the covenant relationship with God. Ladan's mention connects to the broader narrative of the tribes of Israel, underscoring the fulfillment of God's promises to Abraham regarding his descendants.

Ammihud his son
Ammihud, meaning "my kinsman is majesty," reflects the cultural significance of names in ancient Israel, often expressing theological truths or familial hopes. The lineage through Ammihud continues the theme of divine providence and the preservation of the Israelite tribes. This name appears in other genealogies, indicating a common practice of naming within families, which helps maintain tribal identity and cohesion.

Elishama his son
Elishama, meaning "God has heard," is a name that appears multiple times in the Old Testament, suggesting its popularity and the faith of the people in God's responsiveness. Elishama's inclusion in this genealogy may also point to the role of his descendants in the leadership and spiritual life of Israel. The name connects to the broader biblical theme of God hearing and responding to His people, as seen in various narratives throughout Scripture.

Nun his son
Nun is a significant figure in the lineage of the tribe of Ephraim, one of the tribes of Israel. He is the father of Joshua, who plays a crucial role in the history of Israel. The mention of Nun highlights the continuity of leadership and faithfulness within the tribe. The name "Nun" means "fish" or "posterity," which may symbolize fruitfulness or continuation. This lineage is important as it connects to the broader narrative of Israel's journey from Egypt to the Promised Land. Nun's role, though not extensively detailed in the Bible, is pivotal as he is the progenitor of Joshua, a key leader in Israel's history.

and Joshua his son
Joshua, the son of Nun, is one of the most prominent figures in the Old Testament. He is best known for succeeding Moses as the leader of the Israelites and for leading them into the Promised Land. Joshua's name, meaning "Yahweh is salvation," is significant as it foreshadows the role of Jesus Christ, whose name in Hebrew is Yeshua, a form of Joshua. Joshua's leadership is marked by faithfulness and obedience to God, as seen in the conquest of Canaan and the distribution of the land among the tribes of Israel. His story is detailed in the Book of Joshua, where he is depicted as a type of Christ, leading God's people into the rest and inheritance promised to them. Joshua's life and leadership exemplify trust in God's promises and the importance of strong, godly leadership.

Their holdings and settlements included Bethel and its villages
Bethel, meaning "House of God," is a significant location in biblical history. It was a central place of worship and a site where Jacob had his vision of the ladder reaching to heaven (Genesis 28:10-19). The mention of "villages" indicates the surrounding smaller communities that were part of the larger Bethel area. Bethel was strategically located on the border between the tribes of Benjamin and Ephraim, making it an important religious and political center.

Naaran to the east
Naaran, also known as Naarah, is less frequently mentioned in the Bible, but its inclusion here highlights its geographical importance. Located to the east, it suggests the eastern boundary of the territory. This area was part of the land allocated to the tribe of Ephraim, indicating the extent of their influence and control.

Gezer and its villages to the west
Gezer was a significant Canaanite city-state before being conquered by the Israelites. It was strategically located on the coastal plain, serving as a key military and trade route. The mention of "villages" suggests the inclusion of smaller settlements under Gezer's influence. Gezer was later given to Solomon as a dowry when he married Pharaoh's daughter (1 Kings 9:16), indicating its continued importance.

and Shechem and its villages
Shechem holds a prominent place in biblical history as a city of refuge and a center of covenant renewal (Joshua 24:1-25). It was located in the hill country of Ephraim and served as a significant religious and political center. The mention of "villages" indicates the surrounding communities that were part of Shechem's domain. Shechem's central location made it a key site for tribal gatherings and decisions.

as far as Ayyah and its villages
Ayyah, also known as Ai, was a city near Bethel. It is famously known for its initial defeat of the Israelites due to Achan's sin and its subsequent destruction (Joshua 7-8). The mention of "villages" suggests the inclusion of smaller settlements in the area. Ai's location near Bethel highlights the strategic importance of this region in the central highlands of Canaan.

And along the borders of Manasseh
The tribe of Manasseh was one of the two half-tribes descended from Joseph, the son of Jacob (Israel). Manasseh's territory was divided between land on the east and west of the Jordan River. The western portion bordered several key cities, indicating its strategic importance. This area was known for its fertile land and was significant in the history of Israel due to its location and resources.

were Beth-shean, Taanach, Megiddo, and Dor
These cities were significant in ancient Israel. Beth-shean was a major city in the Jordan Valley, known for its strategic location and later as a site of a Philistine victory over King Saul. Taanach and Megiddo were located in the Jezreel Valley, a crucial trade and military route. Megiddo, in particular, is famous for its association with the prophetic "Armageddon" (Revelation 16:16). Dor was a coastal city, important for trade and commerce. These cities were centers of Canaanite culture before being integrated into Israelite territory.

together with their villages
The mention of villages indicates the broader region and smaller settlements that were part of the administrative and economic structure of these cities. These villages supported the larger cities and were integral to the agricultural and social life of the area. The inclusion of villages highlights the comprehensive nature of the territory under Manasseh's influence.

The descendants of Joseph son of Israel lived in these towns
Joseph, one of the twelve sons of Jacob, was given a double portion of inheritance through his sons, Ephraim and Manasseh. This phrase emphasizes the fulfillment of Jacob's blessing over Joseph, where his descendants would be fruitful and multiply in the land. The presence of Joseph's descendants in these towns signifies the continuation of God's promise to the patriarchs and the establishment of Israel in the Promised Land. This also reflects the unity and shared heritage of the tribes of Israel, despite their geographical divisions.

The children of Asher:
Asher was one of the twelve sons of Jacob, making him one of the patriarchs of the tribes of Israel. His mother was Zilpah, Leah's maidservant. The tribe of Asher was known for its abundance and prosperity, as reflected in Jacob's blessing in Genesis 49:20, which speaks of Asher's food being rich and providing royal delicacies. This tribe settled in the fertile region of Canaan, which corresponds to modern-day northern Israel, known for its olive oil production.

Imnah:
Imnah is one of the sons of Asher, and his name means "right hand" or "prosperity." While not much is detailed about Imnah in the biblical narrative, his inclusion in the genealogies underscores the importance of family lineage in Israelite culture. Genealogies served to establish tribal identity and inheritance rights, which were crucial for maintaining the covenant promises given to Abraham.

Ishvah:
Ishvah is another son of Asher. His name means "equal" or "level." The mention of Ishvah, like his brothers, highlights the continuity of Asher's lineage. The genealogical records in Chronicles were particularly significant for the post-exilic community, as they sought to re-establish their identity and connection to the land and promises of God.

Ishvi:
Ishvi, also a son of Asher, has a name meaning "he resembles" or "he is equal." The repetition of similar names among Asher's sons may reflect common naming practices of the time, where names often carried meanings related to family traits or aspirations. Ishvi's mention in the genealogies serves to reinforce the completeness of Asher's family line.

Beriah:
Beriah is another son of Asher, and his name means "in trouble" or "a gift." The name Beriah appears in other genealogies as well, such as in the tribe of Ephraim (1 Chronicles 7:23), indicating it was a relatively common name. The inclusion of Beriah in the list of Asher's sons emphasizes the importance of each family member in the tribal structure and the fulfillment of God's promises to the patriarchs.

and their sister Serah:
Serah is noted as the sister of Asher's sons, which is significant as women are not always mentioned in genealogies. Her inclusion may indicate her importance or a notable role within the family. In Jewish tradition, Serah is sometimes associated with wisdom and longevity, and she is said to have played a role in the preservation of Israel's history. Her mention here highlights the value of women in the biblical narrative and their contributions to the unfolding of God's plan.

The sons of Beriah:
Beriah is a descendant of Asher, one of the twelve tribes of Israel. The tribe of Asher is known for its prosperity and abundance, as seen in Jacob's blessing in Genesis 49:20. Beriah's lineage is part of the genealogical records that emphasize the fulfillment of God's promises to the patriarchs. The name Beriah means "in trouble" or "a gift," reflecting the complex nature of Israel's history.

Heber:
Heber is a common name in the Old Testament, also associated with the Kenites, a group allied with Israel. The name means "comrade" or "enclave," suggesting a sense of community or separation. Heber's inclusion in the genealogy highlights the importance of family lines in maintaining the identity and heritage of the tribes of Israel.

as well as Malchiel:
Malchiel's name means "God is my king," indicating a recognition of divine sovereignty. This reflects the theocratic nature of Israelite society, where God was seen as the ultimate ruler. Malchiel's mention underscores the spiritual heritage and the acknowledgment of God's authority within the tribe.

who was the father of Birzaith:
Birzaith is a location or possibly a clan within the tribe of Asher. The name is not widely mentioned elsewhere, suggesting it may have been a smaller or less prominent group. The reference to Birzaith indicates the detailed nature of the genealogical records, which served to preserve the history and territorial claims of the tribes. This meticulous record-keeping is a testament to the Israelites' commitment to their covenantal identity and land inheritance.

Heber was the father of Japhlet
Heber is a descendant of Asher, one of the twelve tribes of Israel. The name Heber means "comrade" or "enclave," suggesting a sense of community or separation. Japhlet, his son, is not widely mentioned elsewhere in the Bible, indicating that this genealogy serves to preserve the lineage and heritage of the tribe of Asher. The tribe of Asher was known for its abundance and prosperity, as seen in Jacob's blessing in Genesis 49:20.

Shomer
Shomer, another son of Heber, is also part of the lineage of Asher. The name Shomer means "watchman" or "guardian," which may imply a role of protection or oversight within the family or tribe. This name reflects a common biblical theme of vigilance and responsibility, as seen in Ezekiel 3:17, where God appoints Ezekiel as a watchman for Israel.

and Hotham
Hotham, the third son, is part of the genealogical record that emphasizes the continuity and stability of the tribe of Asher. The name Hotham means "seal" or "sign," which could symbolize a mark of identity or covenant. This concept of a seal is echoed in Ephesians 1:13, where believers are sealed with the Holy Spirit as a guarantee of their inheritance.

and of their sister Shua
Shua, the sister, is mentioned alongside her brothers, highlighting the importance of women in biblical genealogies, even though they are less frequently named. The name Shua means "wealth" or "opulence," which aligns with the blessings associated with the tribe of Asher. The inclusion of Shua underscores the value of family unity and the role of women in the preservation of tribal identity, as seen in Proverbs 31:10-31, which describes the virtues of a noble woman.

The sons of Japhlet:
Japhlet is a lesser-known figure in the genealogies of 1 Chronicles. His name appears in the context of the descendants of Asher, one of the tribes of Israel. The genealogies in Chronicles serve to establish the continuity of the Israelite people and their tribal identities. Japhlet's inclusion highlights the importance of every family line in the broader narrative of Israel's history. The genealogies also emphasize the fulfillment of God's promises to the patriarchs regarding the multiplication of their descendants.

Pasach, Bimhal, and Ashvath:
These names are unique to this passage, and little is known about these individuals outside of this genealogical record. The mention of these sons underscores the chronicler's intent to preserve the lineage and heritage of the tribe of Asher. Each name contributes to the detailed record-keeping that was vital for maintaining tribal and familial identities in ancient Israel. The names themselves, while not directly linked to other biblical narratives, reflect the cultural practice of naming as a means of preserving family legacy.

These were Japhlet’s sons:
This phrase reaffirms the familial connection and the importance of lineage in the biblical narrative. In the context of 1 Chronicles, genealogies serve not only as historical records but also as theological affirmations of God's faithfulness to His people. By listing Japhlet's sons, the chronicler ensures that even seemingly minor figures are remembered within the grand tapestry of Israel's history. This reflects the biblical theme that every individual and family has a place in God's plan, no matter how small their role may appear.

The sons of Shemer:
Shemer is a descendant of Asher, one of the twelve tribes of Israel. The tribe of Asher is known for its rich inheritance in the Promised Land, located in the fertile region of Galilee. This phrase introduces the lineage of Shemer, highlighting the importance of genealogies in maintaining tribal identity and inheritance rights. Genealogies were crucial for the Israelites to establish their heritage and fulfill God's promises to Abraham regarding his descendants.

Ahi,
Ahi is one of the sons of Shemer. The name Ahi means "my brother" in Hebrew, which may indicate a familial or relational significance within the tribe. Names in biblical times often carried meanings that reflected personal characteristics or family heritage. Ahi's inclusion in the genealogy underscores the importance of each individual in the continuation of the tribal lineage.

Rohgah,
Rohgah is another son of Shemer. The name Rohgah is less common, and its meaning is not explicitly clear, but it may be related to the Hebrew root meaning "to roar" or "to shout." This could imply a person of strength or prominence within the family. The mention of Rohgah contributes to the completeness of the genealogical record, ensuring that all branches of the family are acknowledged.

Hubbah,
Hubbah is listed as a son of Shemer. The name Hubbah is unique and not widely found elsewhere in the Bible, which may suggest a specific family or clan significance. The inclusion of Hubbah in the genealogy highlights the diversity and complexity of family structures within the tribes of Israel. Each name represents a link in the chain of Israel's history and God's unfolding plan for His people.

and Aram.
Aram is the final son of Shemer mentioned in this verse. The name Aram is significant as it is also the name of a region and people group in the ancient Near East, often associated with the Arameans. This connection may indicate a broader cultural or geographical influence on the family. In biblical history, the Arameans had interactions with Israel, sometimes as allies and other times as adversaries. The mention of Aram in this genealogy may reflect the interconnectedness of the ancient world and the diverse backgrounds of the tribes of Israel.

The sons of his brother Helem:
Helem is mentioned as a brother, indicating a familial connection within the tribe of Asher, one of the twelve tribes of Israel. This highlights the importance of family lineage and tribal affiliation in ancient Israelite society. The genealogies in 1 Chronicles serve to establish the continuity of God's people and their inheritance in the Promised Land. The mention of Helem and his sons underscores the detailed record-keeping and the value placed on heritage and identity.

Zophah,
Zophah is listed as one of the sons of Helem. The name Zophah may mean "overflowing" or "abundant," which could reflect the blessings or characteristics attributed to him or his descendants. Names in the Bible often carry significant meanings and can reflect the hopes or experiences of the family. Zophah's inclusion in the genealogy emphasizes the continuation of the family line and the fulfillment of God's promises to the tribes of Israel.

Imna,
Imna, another son of Helem, is part of the genealogical record that traces the lineage of the tribe of Asher. The name Imna could be related to the Hebrew word for "right hand" or "prosperity," suggesting a position of favor or success. This reflects the cultural importance of names and their meanings in the biblical narrative. The tribe of Asher was known for its prosperity and abundance, as prophesied by Jacob in Genesis 49:20, which may be symbolically connected to Imna's name.

Shelesh,
Shelesh is also listed among the sons of Helem. The name Shelesh might mean "third" or "triplet," indicating his position in the family or a characteristic of his birth. The genealogical records in Chronicles often include such details to preserve the history and structure of the Israelite tribes. This meticulous recording of names and relationships highlights the value placed on each individual within the community and their role in the unfolding story of God's people.

and Amal.
Amal, the final son mentioned, completes the list of Helem's sons. The name Amal can mean "labor" or "toil," which might reflect the experiences or attributes associated with him or his descendants. The inclusion of Amal in the genealogy serves to reinforce the comprehensive nature of the biblical record, ensuring that each branch of the family tree is acknowledged. This attention to detail in the genealogies underscores the belief in God's providential care and the fulfillment of His promises to all the tribes of Israel.

The sons of Zophah:
Zophah is listed as a descendant of Asher, one of the twelve tribes of Israel. The tribe of Asher was known for its abundance and prosperity, as seen in Jacob's blessing in Genesis 49:20. This lineage emphasizes the fulfillment of God's promises to the tribes of Israel. The genealogies in Chronicles serve to establish the continuity of God's covenant people and their inheritance in the Promised Land.

Suah:
The name Suah is not widely mentioned elsewhere in the Bible, which is common for many names in genealogies. Each name, however, represents a link in the chain of Israel's history, underscoring the importance of every individual in God's plan. The inclusion of lesser-known figures highlights the comprehensive nature of God's covenant with Israel.

Harnepher:
Harnepher, like Suah, is not a prominent biblical figure outside of this genealogy. The mention of such names serves to authenticate the historical record of the tribes and their descendants. It also reflects the meticulous nature of the chronicler in preserving the heritage and identity of the Israelite people.

Shual:
Shual may be connected to the Hebrew word for "fox," which could imply characteristics or traits associated with the name. In biblical times, names often held significant meaning or were indicative of personal or familial traits. The chronicler's inclusion of Shual in the genealogy underscores the diversity and richness of Israel's tribal history.

Beri:
Beri is another name that appears only in this genealogical context. The chronicler's detailed record-keeping serves to remind readers of the vastness of God's people and the fulfillment of His promises to Abraham regarding his descendants. Each name, though obscure, contributes to the tapestry of Israel's history and God's faithfulness.

Imrah:
Imrah, like the other names listed, is not widely known outside of this passage. The chronicler's attention to detail in listing these descendants of Asher highlights the importance of every family and individual in the unfolding of God's redemptive plan. This meticulous record serves as a testament to the enduring legacy of the tribes of Israel and their role in biblical history.

Bezer
Bezer is mentioned as one of the cities of refuge in the Transjordan region, specifically allocated to the tribe of Reuben (Deuteronomy 4:43; Joshua 20:8). These cities were designated as places where individuals who had accidentally committed manslaughter could seek asylum. The concept of a city of refuge is a type of Christ, who provides refuge and salvation for those who seek Him. Bezer's location in the wilderness plateau suggests a place of safety and separation, symbolizing spiritual refuge.

Hod
Hod is a less prominent figure in the biblical narrative, with limited information available. The name may be associated with splendor or majesty, reflecting the glory of God. In the context of genealogies, names like Hod serve to connect the tribes and families of Israel, emphasizing the continuity of God's covenant people. The inclusion of such names underscores the importance of every individual in God's plan.

Shamma
Shamma, meaning "astonishment" or "desolation," is a name that appears in various contexts in the Bible. It is important to distinguish this Shamma from others, such as Shammah, one of David's mighty men (2 Samuel 23:11). The repetition of similar names in genealogies highlights the commonality of certain names and the shared heritage among the tribes of Israel. It also reflects the cultural practice of naming children after ancestors or notable figures.

Shilshah
Shilshah is another name with limited biblical reference, and its meaning is uncertain. It may be related to the Hebrew word for "third" or "triplet," suggesting a possible connection to birth order or family structure. The mention of Shilshah in the genealogy emphasizes the detailed record-keeping of the Israelites and their commitment to preserving family lineage. This practice underscores the importance of heritage and identity in the biblical narrative.

Ithran
Ithran, meaning "abundance" or "advantage," is a name that appears in other genealogical lists, such as in the descendants of Seir the Horite (Genesis 36:26). The recurrence of the name in different contexts may indicate a shared cultural or familial significance. The inclusion of Ithran in the genealogy of 1 Chronicles 7 highlights the interconnectedness of various tribes and families within Israel, reflecting the unity and diversity of God's people.

Beera
Beera, meaning "well" or "fountain," is noted as a leader or prince of the Reubenites who was taken into exile by the Assyrian king Tiglath-Pileser (1 Chronicles 5:6). This historical context underscores the consequences of Israel's disobedience and the resulting exile. The name Beera, associated with a source of water, symbolizes life and sustenance, pointing to God's provision even in times of judgment. The exile narrative serves as a reminder of the need for repentance and reliance on God's mercy.

The sons of Jether:
Jether is a name that appears in various genealogies in the Old Testament, often associated with the tribe of Asher. The genealogies in 1 Chronicles serve to establish the heritage and tribal affiliations of the Israelites, emphasizing the importance of lineage and inheritance in Israelite society. Jether's inclusion highlights the continuity of God's promises to the tribes of Israel. The name Jether means "abundance" or "excellence," which may reflect the character or the hoped-for destiny of his descendants.

Jephunneh,
Jephunneh is a name most notably associated with Caleb, one of the two faithful spies sent by Moses to scout the Promised Land. Caleb, son of Jephunneh, is celebrated for his faith and courage (Numbers 13-14). While this Jephunneh is not the same individual, the name may evoke similar qualities of faithfulness and bravery. The repetition of names within tribes suggests a cultural practice of honoring ancestors and maintaining family legacies.

Pispa,
Pispa is a name that appears only in this genealogical context, with no additional biblical narrative or historical records providing further details. The inclusion of lesser-known names like Pispa underscores the comprehensive nature of the Chronicles' genealogies, which aim to document the full breadth of Israel's tribal history. This reflects the biblical theme of God's concern for all individuals, regardless of their prominence in the narrative.

and Ara.
Ara is another name that appears in the genealogical records without further elaboration in the biblical text. The presence of such names in the genealogies serves to affirm the identity and continuity of the Israelite tribes. It also highlights the meticulous record-keeping of the Chronicler, who sought to preserve the history and heritage of God's people. The name Ara, meaning "lion," may symbolize strength and leadership, qualities valued in the tribal context.

The sons of Ulla:
Ulla is a lesser-known figure in the genealogies of the tribes of Israel. His mention here highlights the importance of family lineage in the chronicling of Israel's history. Genealogies served to establish tribal identities and inheritance rights, which were crucial in maintaining the social and religious order of ancient Israel. The inclusion of Ulla's sons in the record underscores the chronicler's intent to provide a comprehensive account of the descendants of Asher, one of the twelve tribes of Israel.

Arah,
Arah is listed as one of the sons of Ulla. The name Arah appears elsewhere in the Bible, notably in the genealogies of the tribe of Benjamin (Ezra 2:5; Nehemiah 7:10), though it is likely a different individual. Names were often repeated across tribes and families, reflecting common cultural or familial significance. The name Arah means "wayfarer" or "traveler," which may suggest a characteristic or hope associated with the child at birth.

Hanniel,
Hanniel, another son of Ulla, bears a name meaning "God is gracious." This name reflects a common practice in Israelite culture of incorporating the name of God (El) into personal names, signifying a relationship with or attribute of God. Hanniel is also the name of a prince of the tribe of Manasseh (Numbers 34:23), indicating that it was a name of some prominence and possibly suggesting a hope for leadership or divine favor.

and Rizia.
Rizia, the third son of Ulla, is a name that does not appear elsewhere in the biblical text, making it unique to this genealogy. The meaning of Rizia is less clear, but it may be related to words meaning "delight" or "pleasure." The inclusion of Rizia, like his brothers, serves to complete the record of Ulla's lineage, ensuring that even lesser-known families are remembered in the history of Israel. This reflects the biblical theme of God's concern for all His people, regardless of their prominence or obscurity.

All these were the descendants of Asher—
The tribe of Asher was one of the twelve tribes of Israel, named after Asher, the eighth son of Jacob and second son of Zilpah, Leah's maidservant. Asher's descendants were known for their prosperity and abundance, as prophesied by Jacob in Genesis 49:20, where he speaks of Asher's food being rich and providing royal delicacies. The tribe settled in the fertile region of Canaan, which contributed to their wealth and resources.

heads of their families,
In ancient Israel, family heads or patriarchs held significant authority and responsibility. They were responsible for the welfare and spiritual guidance of their families. This structure reflects the importance of lineage and heritage in Israelite society, where family heads played a crucial role in maintaining tribal identity and continuity.

choice and mighty men of valor,
The phrase "mighty men of valor" is often used in the Old Testament to describe warriors of exceptional courage and strength. This designation highlights the military prowess and bravery of Asher's descendants. Such men were essential for the defense and expansion of Israelite territory, and their valor was a source of pride for their tribe.

and chiefs among the leaders.
The term "chiefs" indicates a position of leadership and authority within the tribe. These individuals were not only military leaders but also held administrative and judicial roles. Their leadership was crucial for maintaining order and justice within the tribe, and they were often involved in decision-making processes at both tribal and national levels.

The number of men fit for battle,
This phrase underscores the military readiness of the tribe of Asher. Being "fit for battle" implies that these men were trained and prepared for warfare, which was a constant reality in the ancient Near East due to frequent conflicts with neighboring nations and tribes.

recorded in their genealogies,
Genealogies were vital in ancient Israel for establishing identity, inheritance rights, and tribal affiliation. They served as official records that validated claims to land and leadership positions. The meticulous recording of genealogies reflects the importance placed on heritage and the continuity of God's promises to the descendants of Abraham.

was 26,000.
The specific number of 26,000 men fit for battle indicates a substantial military force within the tribe of Asher. This figure provides insight into the tribe's size and strength during the period of the chronicler. It also reflects the organizational capacity of the tribe to muster such a force, which would have been significant in the context of Israel's military campaigns and defense strategies.