Now these are the names of the tribes:
This phrase introduces the final division of the land among the tribes of Israel, as seen in Ezekiel's vision. It reflects the restoration and reorganization of Israel, emphasizing God's faithfulness to His covenant with the patriarchs. The listing of tribes is reminiscent of earlier biblical accounts, such as in Genesis 49 and Numbers 34, where the tribes are also enumerated.

At the northern frontier, Dan will have one portion:
Dan is the first tribe mentioned, located at the northern boundary of the land. Historically, Dan was one of the northernmost tribes, as seen in Judges 18:29. This positioning signifies a return to their ancestral inheritance, despite their previous struggles with idolatry and relocation.

Bordering the road of Hethlon to Lebo-hamath:
Hethlon and Lebo-hamath are geographical markers that define the northern boundary of the land. Lebo-hamath is often associated with the entrance to Hamath, a significant city-state in ancient Syria. This boundary aligns with the description of the Promised Land in Numbers 34:8, indicating a restoration to the full extent of the land promised to Israel.

And running on to Hazar-enan on the border of Damascus with Hamath to the north:
Hazar-enan marks the northeastern boundary, near Damascus, a major city in ancient Aram. The mention of Damascus and Hamath highlights the extent of Israel's territory in the eschatological vision, suggesting a future where Israel's borders are secure and expansive, as prophesied in Amos 9:14-15.

And extending from the east side to the west side:
This phrase indicates the breadth of the land allocation, stretching from east to west. It symbolizes the comprehensive and equitable distribution of the land among the tribes, reflecting God's justice and order. This east-to-west orientation is consistent with the layout of the tribal allotments in the book of Joshua, emphasizing continuity and fulfillment of God's promises.

Asher will have one portion
Asher, one of the twelve tribes of Israel, was originally allotted land in the northern part of Canaan. This allocation in Ezekiel's vision signifies a future restoration and reorganization of the tribes in the land. The tribe of Asher is often associated with prosperity and abundance, as seen in Jacob's blessing in Genesis 49:20, which speaks of Asher's food being rich. This portion reflects God's continued promise and provision for His people.

bordering the territory of Dan
Dan, another tribe of Israel, was initially given land in the northern coastal region. In Ezekiel's vision, Dan is positioned at the northernmost part of the land, indicating a shift from its original location. The proximity of Asher to Dan in this vision suggests a harmonious coexistence among the tribes in the future. Historically, Dan struggled with idolatry, as seen in Judges 18, but this new arrangement symbolizes a redeemed and unified Israel.

from east to west
The phrase "from east to west" indicates the breadth of the land allocation, suggesting a complete and balanced distribution. This east-to-west orientation is consistent with the layout of the tribal lands in Ezekiel's vision, emphasizing order and symmetry. It reflects the comprehensive nature of God's plan for His people, ensuring that each tribe receives its rightful inheritance. This also echoes the promise of land given to Abraham in Genesis 15:18, which spans from the river of Egypt to the Euphrates, symbolizing the fulfillment of God's covenant.

Naphtali will have one portion
The tribe of Naphtali, one of the twelve tribes of Israel, is allocated a specific portion of land. This reflects the fulfillment of God's promise to the descendants of Jacob. Historically, Naphtali was known for its warriors and played a significant role in Israel's battles, as seen in Judges 4-5. The allocation of land signifies God's continued faithfulness to His covenant with Israel.

bordering the territory of Asher
Asher, another tribe of Israel, is mentioned as the neighboring territory. This geographical detail highlights the unity and distinctiveness of each tribe within the nation of Israel. Asher's land was known for its fertility and abundance, as prophesied by Jacob in Genesis 49:20. The proximity of Naphtali to Asher may suggest a sharing of resources and mutual support between the tribes.

from east to west
The description of the land allocation from east to west indicates a horizontal division across the land, which is consistent with the orderly distribution of territories among the tribes. This east-to-west orientation is significant in biblical geography, often symbolizing completeness and the encompassing nature of God's provision. It also reflects the structured and organized nature of God's plan for His people, as seen in the detailed instructions for the division of land in the book of Joshua.

Manasseh will have one portion
The tribe of Manasseh, one of the sons of Joseph, is allotted a portion of land. Historically, Manasseh was divided into two half-tribes, one on each side of the Jordan River. This allocation reflects the restoration and reunification of the tribes in the prophetic vision of Ezekiel. The division of land among the tribes symbolizes God's faithfulness to His covenant with Israel, ensuring each tribe receives its inheritance.

bordering the territory of Naphtali
Naphtali, another of the twelve tribes of Israel, is situated adjacent to Manasseh. This geographical arrangement is significant as it reflects the order and structure in the distribution of the land. The proximity of these tribes may also suggest a harmonious relationship and cooperation among them, as envisioned in the restored Israel. The mention of specific tribal borders emphasizes the detailed and organized nature of God's plan for His people.

from east to west
The phrase "from east to west" indicates the orientation and extent of the tribal territory. This east-west alignment is consistent with the layout of the land divisions described in Ezekiel's vision, which is characterized by orderly and parallel strips of land. This orientation may symbolize the comprehensive and inclusive nature of God's promise, covering the entire breadth of the land. It also reflects the idea of unity and equality among the tribes, as each receives a portion extending across the full width of the land.

Ephraim will have one portion
Ephraim, one of the tribes of Israel, was named after Joseph's second son. The tribe of Ephraim held a significant position in Israel's history, often representing the northern kingdom. This allocation of land signifies the restoration and reestablishment of the tribes in the Promised Land, reflecting God's faithfulness to His covenant with the patriarchs. The mention of Ephraim here underscores the importance of each tribe receiving its inheritance, as originally intended.

bordering the territory of Manasseh
Ephraim and Manasseh were both sons of Joseph, and their territories were adjacent, reflecting their familial connection. Historically, these tribes were closely linked, often working together, yet also experiencing tensions. The allocation of land next to each other symbolizes unity and continuity within the family of Israel. This geographical arrangement also highlights the fulfillment of Jacob's blessing over Joseph's sons in Genesis 48, where both Ephraim and Manasseh were promised a significant inheritance.

from east to west
The description of the land stretching from east to west indicates a horizontal division across the land, suggesting a broad and inclusive inheritance. This phrase emphasizes the comprehensive nature of God's promise, ensuring that each tribe receives a fair and equitable portion. The east-to-west orientation also reflects the typical way of describing land allocations in ancient Israel, aligning with the natural geography and the rising and setting of the sun, symbolizing God's order and provision.

Reuben will have one portion
Reuben, the firstborn son of Jacob and Leah, traditionally held a position of prominence among the tribes of Israel. However, due to Reuben's transgression with Bilhah, his father's concubine, he lost his birthright (Genesis 35:22, 49:3-4). Despite this, Reuben is still allotted a portion in the division of the land, signifying God's grace and the restoration of his place among the tribes. This allocation reflects the fulfillment of God's promises to the patriarchs regarding the inheritance of the land.

bordering the territory of Ephraim
Ephraim, a son of Joseph, was one of the most prominent tribes in Israel, often representing the northern kingdom. The mention of Reuben's portion bordering Ephraim's territory highlights the unity and equality among the tribes in the future distribution of the land. This arrangement contrasts with historical divisions and conflicts, such as those during the time of the divided kingdom. The positioning of Reuben next to Ephraim may symbolize reconciliation and the restoration of relationships among the tribes.

from east to west
The phrase "from east to west" indicates the linear and organized distribution of the tribal territories in the vision of Ezekiel. This east-to-west orientation reflects the orderly nature of God's plan for His people, as seen in the precise measurements and divisions throughout Ezekiel's vision of the new land. It also emphasizes the comprehensive nature of God's promise, covering the entire breadth of the land. This orderly distribution can be seen as a type of the heavenly Jerusalem, where God's people will dwell in perfect harmony and order.

Judah will have one portion
Judah, one of the twelve tribes of Israel, holds a significant place in biblical history. This tribe is associated with leadership and kingship, as it is the tribe from which King David and ultimately Jesus Christ descended. The allocation of land to Judah in Ezekiel's vision reflects its enduring importance and the fulfillment of God's promises to the patriarchs. The tribe's portion signifies its role in the restoration and future hope of Israel.

bordering the territory of Reuben
Reuben, the firstborn of Jacob, traditionally held a position of prominence, but due to his transgressions, he lost his birthright. In Ezekiel's vision, Reuben's territory is adjacent to Judah's, symbolizing a restoration of order and unity among the tribes. This arrangement may also reflect the reconciliation and harmony that will characterize the future kingdom of God, where past grievances are resolved.

from east to west
The description of the land allocation from east to west indicates a horizontal division across the land, suggesting a sense of equality and fairness in the distribution. This geographical orientation emphasizes the comprehensive nature of God's plan for His people, ensuring that each tribe receives its rightful inheritance. The east-to-west division also mirrors the path of the sun, symbolizing the light and life that God's presence brings to His people.

Bordering the territory of Judah, from east to west,
This phrase indicates the geographical location of the land allocation, emphasizing its proximity to Judah. Judah's territory was historically significant as it included Jerusalem, the center of Jewish worship and the Davidic monarchy. The east-to-west orientation reflects the traditional layout of the land divisions in Israel, aligning with the natural topography and historical tribal boundaries.

will be the portion you are to set apart.
This portion is designated as holy, set apart for a specific purpose. In the context of Ezekiel's vision, this refers to the land reserved for the sanctuary and the priests. The concept of setting apart is deeply rooted in the biblical idea of holiness, where certain people, places, and things are consecrated for God's use, reflecting the holiness of God Himself.

It will be 25,000 cubits wide,
The measurement of 25,000 cubits (approximately 7.5 miles or 12 kilometers) indicates a substantial area, underscoring the importance of this portion. The use of precise measurements reflects the order and intentionality in God's plans, reminiscent of the detailed instructions given for the Tabernacle and Solomon's Temple. This precision highlights the sacredness and significance of the land.

and the length of a tribal portion from east to west.
The length corresponds to the standard size of a tribal allotment, ensuring that this holy portion is integrated into the broader land distribution among the tribes of Israel. This reflects the unity and equality among the tribes, as each receives a fair share of the land, symbolizing God's provision and justice.

In the center will be the sanctuary.
The central location of the sanctuary signifies its importance as the focal point of worship and God's presence among His people. This mirrors the centrality of the Tabernacle in the wilderness and the Temple in Jerusalem. The sanctuary's placement in the center symbolizes God's desire to dwell among His people, foreshadowing the ultimate fulfillment in Jesus Christ, who is described as the true Temple and the presence of God with humanity.

The special portion you set apart to the LORD
This phrase refers to a designated area within the land of Israel that is consecrated for divine purposes. In the context of Ezekiel's vision, this special portion is part of the larger division of the land among the tribes of Israel. The setting apart of land for the LORD emphasizes the importance of holiness and dedication to God. This concept of setting apart is seen throughout Scripture, such as in the consecration of the Tabernacle (Exodus 40:9) and the Temple (1 Kings 8:63). It reflects the idea that certain things are reserved exclusively for God's use and glory.

shall be 25,000 cubits long
The measurement of 25,000 cubits indicates a significant size, suggesting the importance of this portion. A cubit is traditionally understood as the length from the elbow to the tip of the middle finger, approximately 18 inches or 45 centimeters. This would make the length of the portion about 7.5 miles or 12 kilometers. The specific dimensions highlight the precision and orderliness of God's plans, reminiscent of the detailed instructions given for the construction of the Tabernacle (Exodus 25-27) and the Temple (1 Kings 6). It underscores the idea that God is a God of order and detail.

and 10,000 cubits wide
The width of 10,000 cubits, approximately 3 miles or 4.8 kilometers, further defines the area set apart for the LORD. This dimension, combined with the length, forms a rectangular area, which is a common shape for sacred spaces in ancient times. The specific measurements may symbolize completeness and perfection, reflecting God's perfect nature. The allocation of this land for sacred purposes can be seen as a foreshadowing of the New Jerusalem described in Revelation 21, where the city is also measured with precise dimensions, symbolizing God's eternal dwelling with His people.

This will be the holy portion for the priests.
This phrase indicates a designated area set apart for the priests, emphasizing the importance of holiness and separation for those serving in the temple. The concept of a "holy portion" reflects the biblical principle of consecration, where certain people and places are set apart for God's purposes. This is reminiscent of the Levitical cities and the special inheritance given to the tribe of Levi, who were set apart for priestly duties (Numbers 18:20-24). The idea of holiness is central to the priesthood, as they were mediators between God and the people, foreshadowing the ultimate High Priest, Jesus Christ (Hebrews 4:14-16).

It will be 25,000 cubits long on the north side,
The specific measurement of 25,000 cubits indicates a large, defined area, underscoring the significance of the space dedicated to the priests. A cubit is traditionally understood as the length from the elbow to the tip of the middle finger, approximately 18 inches or 45 centimeters. This measurement reflects the precision and orderliness of God's plans, as seen throughout the construction of the tabernacle and temple (Exodus 25-27, 1 Kings 6). The north side's length signifies the comprehensive provision for the priestly class, ensuring they have ample space for their duties and living.

10,000 cubits wide on the west side,
The width of 10,000 cubits on the west side further defines the dimensions of this holy portion. The west side's measurement complements the overall rectangular shape of the area, symbolizing balance and symmetry in God's design. The west often holds symbolic meaning in Scripture, representing the direction of the setting sun and the end of a day, which can be seen as a metaphor for completion and fulfillment. This can be connected to the fulfillment of God's promises and the ultimate completion of His redemptive plan through Christ.

10,000 cubits wide on the east side,
Similarly, the east side's width of 10,000 cubits maintains the symmetry of the designated area. The east holds significant biblical symbolism, often associated with new beginnings and divine encounters. For instance, the Garden of Eden was planted in the east (Genesis 2:8), and the glory of the LORD entered the temple from the east in Ezekiel's vision (Ezekiel 43:1-4). This directional symbolism can point to the hope and renewal found in God's presence and the new covenant established through Jesus.

and 25,000 cubits long on the south side.
The south side's length of 25,000 cubits completes the rectangular boundary of the holy portion. The south, in biblical geography, often represents warmth and blessing, as it is associated with the Negev, a region known for its fertility and abundance. This can symbolize the blessings and provision that come from serving in God's presence. The precise dimensions of the area reflect God's meticulous care and provision for His people, ensuring that the priests have a dedicated space for worship and service.

In the center will be the sanctuary of the LORD.
The central location of the sanctuary highlights its importance as the focal point of worship and God's presence among His people. The sanctuary, or holy place, is where the priests perform their sacred duties, and it represents the dwelling place of God. This centrality underscores the idea that God should be at the heart of the community and the lives of His people. The sanctuary's presence in the center foreshadows the coming of Jesus, who is the true temple and the center of God's redemptive plan (John 2:19-21, Revelation 21:22).

It will be for the consecrated priests
This phrase refers to a specific group of priests set apart for a holy purpose. In the context of Ezekiel, the consecration of priests signifies their dedication to serving God in the temple. The concept of consecration is deeply rooted in the Old Testament, where priests were anointed and set apart for sacred duties (Exodus 28:41). This highlights the importance of holiness and purity in approaching God, a theme that runs throughout the Bible.

the descendants of Zadok
Zadok was a priest during the time of King David and King Solomon, known for his loyalty and faithfulness (2 Samuel 8:17, 1 Kings 1:32-35). The descendants of Zadok are singled out for their steadfastness in maintaining the true worship of God, even when others faltered. This lineage is significant because it represents a continuity of faithful service, and in Ezekiel's vision, they are given a special role in the future temple. This highlights the biblical principle of God rewarding faithfulness and integrity.

who kept My charge
This phrase emphasizes obedience and responsibility in fulfilling God's commands. The "charge" refers to the duties and responsibilities given by God to the priests, which include maintaining the sanctity of the temple and leading the people in worship. Keeping God's charge is a recurring theme in Scripture, underscoring the importance of obedience to God's word (Deuteronomy 11:1). It serves as a reminder of the covenant relationship between God and His people.

and did not go astray as the Levites did
Here, a contrast is drawn between the descendants of Zadok and the other Levites. While the Levites were originally set apart for priestly duties (Numbers 3:5-10), many went astray by participating in idolatry and failing to uphold God's standards (Ezekiel 44:10). This distinction underscores the consequences of unfaithfulness and the importance of remaining true to God's commands. It also reflects the broader biblical narrative of Israel's struggle with idolatry and the call to repentance.

when the Israelites went astray
This phrase refers to the period of Israel's history marked by rebellion and idolatry, leading to their exile. The Israelites' tendency to go astray is a recurring theme in the Old Testament, illustrating the human propensity to turn away from God (Judges 2:11-19). This serves as a backdrop for the prophetic message of restoration and hope found in Ezekiel, where God promises to restore His people and establish a new covenant with them (Ezekiel 36:24-28).

It will be a special portion for them
This phrase refers to the allocation of land specifically designated for the priests, the sons of Zadok, who remained faithful to God during Israel's apostasy. This special portion signifies their unique role and dedication to the service of the Lord. The concept of a "special portion" echoes the idea of inheritance and blessing found throughout the Old Testament, such as the Levites not receiving a land inheritance because the Lord Himself was their portion (Numbers 18:20).

set apart from the land
The idea of being "set apart" is central to the biblical theme of holiness. In this context, it underscores the sanctity and distinctiveness of the priestly portion. This separation from the common land highlights the consecration required for those who serve in the temple, reflecting the broader biblical principle that God's people are to be holy and distinct from the world (Leviticus 20:26).

a most holy portion
The term "most holy" elevates this land above other portions, indicating its supreme sanctity. This designation is reserved for things directly associated with God's presence, such as the Holy of Holies in the temple. The holiness of this portion underscores the purity and reverence required in the service of God, drawing parallels to the New Testament call for believers to be a royal priesthood and a holy nation (1 Peter 2:9).

adjacent to the territory of the Levites
The proximity to the Levites' territory emphasizes the interconnectedness of the priestly and Levitical roles in temple service. The Levites assisted the priests and were responsible for the care of the tabernacle and later the temple. This arrangement reflects the organized structure of worship and service in Israel, ensuring that those dedicated to God's service were supported and had access to the resources necessary for their duties. This also foreshadows the New Testament church's structure, where different roles and gifts work together for the edification of the body of Christ (Ephesians 4:11-12).

Bordering the territory of the priests,
This phrase indicates a specific allocation of land adjacent to the priests' territory. In the context of Ezekiel's vision, the land is meticulously divided among the tribes of Israel, with special provisions for the priests and Levites. This reflects the importance of maintaining a distinct and holy space for those serving in the temple, emphasizing the separation between the sacred duties of the priests and the supportive role of the Levites. The proximity to the priests' land underscores the Levites' role in assisting with temple services and maintaining the sanctity of worship.

the Levites shall have an area 25,000 cubits long and 10,000 cubits wide.
The dimensions given here are significant, as they provide a substantial area for the Levites, who were responsible for various temple duties and services. A cubit is traditionally understood as approximately 18 inches, making this area about 7.5 miles long and 3 miles wide. This allocation reflects the Levites' integral role in the religious life of Israel, ensuring they have sufficient resources and space to perform their duties. The specific measurements also highlight the order and precision in God's plan for His people, as seen throughout the book of Ezekiel.

The whole length will be 25,000 cubits,
Reiterating the length emphasizes the importance of the Levites' territory. This repetition may serve to underscore the permanence and divine ordination of these boundaries. In the broader context of Ezekiel's vision, such precise measurements symbolize God's sovereignty and the restoration of Israel according to His perfect plan. The length also suggests a significant area dedicated to the Levites, ensuring their needs are met as they serve the community.

and the width 10,000 cubits.
The repetition of the width measurement reinforces the defined space for the Levites. This precision in measurement is consistent with the detailed nature of Ezekiel's vision, which outlines the future restoration and organization of Israel. The width, along with the length, ensures a balanced and ample provision for the Levites, reflecting God's care and provision for those who serve Him. This allocation can also be seen as a type of the order and provision found in the Kingdom of God, where each has their place and purpose.

They must not sell or exchange any of it
This command reflects the sacred nature of the land allocated to the priests and Levites. In ancient Israel, land was not merely a commodity but a divine inheritance. The prohibition against selling or exchanging underscores the permanence of God's gift and the importance of maintaining the sanctity of the priestly portion. This echoes Leviticus 25:23, where God declares that the land must not be sold permanently because it belongs to Him. The land's holiness is tied to its purpose in supporting the worship and service of God.

and they must not transfer this best part of the land
The "best part of the land" refers to the choicest portion set aside for the priests, emphasizing its value and significance. This allocation is a tangible expression of God's provision for those who serve Him. The prohibition against transferring it ensures that the land remains dedicated to its intended purpose, supporting the priestly ministry. This reflects the broader biblical principle of stewardship, where God's people are called to manage His gifts responsibly and faithfully.

for it is holy to the LORD
The holiness of the land signifies its consecration for divine purposes. In the Old Testament, holiness often denotes separation for God's use, as seen in the consecration of the tabernacle and its furnishings (Exodus 40:9-10). The land's holiness is a reminder of God's presence and the centrality of worship in the life of Israel. This concept of holiness is fulfilled in the New Testament through Jesus Christ, who embodies the ultimate consecration and dedication to God. The land's sanctity points to the greater reality of God's kingdom, where all creation is restored and made holy through Christ.

The remaining area
This phrase refers to the portion of land that is set apart after the allocation of the sacred district and the land for the priests and Levites. It highlights the careful planning and division of land in Ezekiel's vision, emphasizing the order and structure in God's kingdom.

5,000 cubits wide and 25,000 cubits long
These dimensions indicate a specific and significant area set aside for the city. The use of cubits, an ancient measurement, reflects the historical context of the text. The precision of these measurements underscores the importance of the city in God's plan, symbolizing divine order and purpose.

will be for common use by the city
This area is designated for the general population, indicating a place of community and daily life. It contrasts with the sacred areas reserved for religious purposes, showing a balance between the sacred and the secular in God's design.

for houses, and for pastureland
The mention of houses and pastureland suggests a thriving, self-sustaining community. It reflects the agrarian society of ancient Israel, where land was essential for living and livestock. This provision ensures that the needs of the people are met, symbolizing God's care and provision.

The city will be in the center of it
Placing the city at the center signifies its importance and centrality in the life of the people. It can be seen as a type of Christ, who is central to the life of believers. This central location also reflects the idea of God dwelling among His people, a theme that resonates throughout Scripture, pointing to the ultimate fulfillment in the New Jerusalem.

and will have these measurements:
This phrase introduces the specific dimensions of the city described in Ezekiel's vision. The precise measurements indicate the importance of order and structure in God's plan. In biblical times, measurements were often used to convey the perfection and completeness of God's design, as seen in the construction of the Tabernacle and Solomon's Temple.

4,500 cubits on the north side,
The use of "cubits" as a unit of measurement reflects the ancient Near Eastern context. A cubit was typically the length from the elbow to the tip of the middle finger, approximately 18 inches. The north side's measurement signifies the city's symmetry and balance, which is a recurring theme in biblical descriptions of holy places. The north often symbolizes judgment or the presence of God, as seen in other prophetic texts.

4,500 cubits on the south side,
The south side's equal measurement emphasizes the city's perfect square shape, symbolizing completeness and divine order. In biblical symbolism, the south can represent warmth and blessing, contrasting with the north's associations. This balance reflects the comprehensive nature of God's kingdom, encompassing all directions and aspects of life.

4,500 cubits on the east side,
The east side's measurement continues the theme of symmetry. Biblically, the east often represents beginnings or origins, as seen in the Garden of Eden's location and the direction from which the glory of God returns to the temple in Ezekiel's vision. This orientation highlights the restoration and renewal inherent in God's plan for His people.

and 4,500 cubits on the west side.
The west side completes the square, reinforcing the idea of a perfectly balanced and ordered city. In biblical narratives, the west can symbolize the end or completion, as the sun sets in the west. This measurement underscores the fulfillment of God's promises and the establishment of His eternal kingdom, as prophesied throughout Scripture.

The pastureland of the city
This phrase refers to the designated area surrounding the city that is set aside for grazing and agricultural purposes. In ancient Israel, pasturelands were crucial for sustaining livestock, which were integral to the economy and daily life. The allocation of pastureland indicates a well-planned urban environment, ensuring that the needs of the community, including food and resources, are met. This reflects God's provision and order in the new division of the land.

will extend 250 cubits to the north,
The measurement of 250 cubits (approximately 375 feet or 114 meters) to the north signifies a specific and deliberate boundary. In biblical times, the cubit was a standard unit of measurement, often based on the length of a forearm. The precision of these measurements underscores the importance of order and structure in God's plans. The northern boundary may symbolize protection and provision, as the north often represented a place of threat or invasion in Israel's history.

250 cubits to the south,
Similarly, the extension of 250 cubits to the south ensures symmetry and balance in the city's layout. The south, often associated with warmth and fertility, could symbolize growth and prosperity. This balanced distribution of land reflects the equitable nature of God's kingdom, where each tribe and community receives its rightful inheritance.

250 cubits to the east,
The eastern boundary of 250 cubits aligns with the rising sun, a symbol of new beginnings and hope. In biblical symbolism, the east often represents the direction from which God's glory appears, as seen in the Garden of Eden and the entrance of the tabernacle. This orientation may suggest a continual renewal and divine presence within the city.

and 250 cubits to the west.
The western extension completes the square perimeter, emphasizing completeness and stability. The west, where the sun sets, can symbolize the end of a day or era, pointing to rest and fulfillment. This comprehensive measurement around the city indicates a holistic provision for the community, ensuring that all aspects of life are covered under God's sovereign plan. The square shape also reflects the perfection and holiness associated with the New Jerusalem, as described in Revelation, drawing a parallel to the ultimate fulfillment of God's promises.

The remainder of the length bordering the holy portion and running adjacent to it
This phrase refers to the land allocation described in Ezekiel's vision of the new division of the land among the tribes of Israel. The "holy portion" is a designated area set apart for the priests, the temple, and the Levites, emphasizing the centrality of worship and the presence of God among His people. The land "bordering" and "running adjacent" to this holy portion signifies the importance of proximity to the sacred space, reflecting the idea that the closer one is to the divine, the more blessed and significant the land becomes. This allocation underscores the theme of holiness and separation found throughout the book of Ezekiel.

will be 10,000 cubits on the east side and 10,000 cubits on the west side
The specific measurement of 10,000 cubits on both the east and west sides indicates a balanced and orderly distribution of land. In biblical terms, the use of precise measurements often symbolizes God's order and sovereignty. The cubit, an ancient unit of length, reflects the historical context of the time, where measurements were based on the length of the forearm. This symmetry in measurement may also symbolize fairness and equality in the distribution of resources among the people, a recurring theme in the prophetic vision of a restored Israel.

Its produce will supply food for the workers of the city
This phrase highlights the practical aspect of the land's use, where the produce serves to sustain those who labor in the city. It reflects the biblical principle of provision and stewardship, where the land is not only a spiritual inheritance but also a means of sustenance. The mention of "workers of the city" suggests a community-oriented approach, where the needs of those who serve are met through the resources provided by God. This can be seen as a type of Christ, who is the ultimate provider and sustainer of His people, ensuring that their physical and spiritual needs are met. The emphasis on produce and provision also connects to other scriptural themes of God's faithfulness in providing for His people, as seen in the manna in the wilderness and the feeding of the multitudes in the Gospels.

The workers of the city
This phrase refers to those who are responsible for maintaining and cultivating the land surrounding the city. In the context of Ezekiel's vision, this city is part of the restored land of Israel, symbolizing a future time of peace and prosperity. The workers are likely Levites or other designated individuals who serve in various capacities to support the community and its religious functions. This reflects the communal and cooperative nature of society in ancient Israel, where labor was often shared among the people for the common good.

who cultivate it
Cultivation here implies agricultural work, which was central to the economy and sustenance of ancient Israel. The land was seen as a divine gift, and its cultivation was both a practical necessity and a spiritual duty. This phrase underscores the importance of stewardship and the connection between the people and the land. In a broader biblical context, cultivation can also symbolize spiritual growth and the nurturing of faith, as seen in parables like the Sower (Matthew 13:1-23).

will come from all the tribes of Israel
This indicates a unified effort among the tribes, highlighting the theme of reconciliation and unity among the people of Israel. Historically, the tribes of Israel were often divided, but this vision points to a future where they work together harmoniously. This unity is a fulfillment of God's promises to restore Israel and can be seen as a type of the unity found in the body of Christ, where believers from diverse backgrounds come together in faith. The inclusion of all tribes also emphasizes the comprehensive nature of God's covenant and the inclusive vision of His kingdom.

The entire portion will be a square
This phrase indicates a precise and intentional design, reflecting God's order and perfection. The square shape is significant in biblical symbolism, often representing completeness and stability. In the context of Ezekiel's vision, it suggests a divinely ordained plan for the land distribution among the tribes of Israel. The square shape also mirrors the design of the New Jerusalem described in Revelation 21:16, emphasizing the theme of divine symmetry and perfection.

25,000 cubits by 25,000 cubits
The measurement of 25,000 cubits by 25,000 cubits is substantial, indicating a large area set apart for a specific purpose. A cubit is traditionally understood as the length from the elbow to the tip of the middle finger, approximately 18 inches or 45 centimeters. This measurement underscores the grandeur and significance of the portion, highlighting its importance in the restored land of Israel. The repetition of the number 25,000 may symbolize completeness and divine order, as numbers often carry symbolic meaning in biblical texts.

You are to set apart the holy portion
The command to set apart a holy portion underscores the theme of holiness and separation for God's purposes. This portion is designated for sacred use, likely for the temple and the priests, emphasizing the centrality of worship and the presence of God among His people. The concept of holiness is a recurring theme throughout Scripture, calling for the people and the land to be consecrated to the Lord. This reflects the broader biblical narrative of God's desire for a holy people and a holy place.

along with the city property
The inclusion of city property alongside the holy portion suggests a harmonious relationship between the sacred and the civic. This integration reflects the vision of a society where worship and daily life are interconnected, with the presence of God influencing all aspects of community life. The city property likely refers to the area designated for the inhabitants of Jerusalem, indicating a restored and thriving community centered around the worship of God. This vision aligns with prophetic themes of restoration and renewal found throughout the Old Testament, pointing to a future hope for God's people.

The remaining area on both sides of the holy portion and of the property of the city will belong to the prince.
This phrase indicates a specific allocation of land to the prince, a leader or ruler in the restored Israel. The "holy portion" refers to the land set apart for the priests and the temple, emphasizing the centrality of worship in the community. The "property of the city" suggests a designated area for the city itself, likely Jerusalem. The prince's land on both sides signifies his role in supporting and protecting the sacred and civic centers. This allocation reflects the balance of religious and governmental authority, with the prince serving as a steward under God's ultimate kingship.

He will own the land adjacent to the tribal portions,
The prince's land is strategically placed next to the tribal portions, indicating his role as a unifying figure among the tribes of Israel. This positioning suggests a responsibility to maintain peace and order among the tribes, acting as a mediator and leader. The tribal portions represent the inheritance of each tribe, a fulfillment of God's promises to the patriarchs. The prince's proximity to these portions underscores his duty to uphold the covenantal promises and ensure equitable distribution and justice.

extending eastward from the 25,000 cubits of the holy district toward the eastern border,
The measurement of 25,000 cubits highlights the precision and order in God's plan for the land. The eastward extension signifies the prince's domain reaching toward the eastern border, possibly symbolizing openness to the nations and the spread of God's influence. The eastern direction often holds eschatological significance, pointing to the coming of the Lord and the dawn of a new era. This extension may also reflect the historical expansion of Israel's territory under divine blessing.

and westward from the 25,000 cubits to the western border.
Similarly, the westward extension of the prince's land indicates a comprehensive domain that spans the breadth of the land. This suggests completeness and the prince's encompassing authority. The western border may symbolize the end of the land, representing the fullness of God's provision and the prince's role in safeguarding the inheritance. The balanced extension both eastward and westward emphasizes the prince's central position in the land's governance and spiritual oversight.

And in the center of them will be the holy portion and the sanctuary of the temple.
The centrality of the holy portion and the temple sanctuary underscores the primacy of worship and God's presence among His people. The temple serves as the focal point of the land, with the prince's territory surrounding it, highlighting the integration of spiritual and temporal leadership. This arrangement reflects the ideal of a theocratic society where God's law governs all aspects of life. The sanctuary's central position also points to Christ as the ultimate fulfillment of the temple, the true center of worship and mediator between God and humanity.

So the Levitical property and the city property
This phrase refers to the allocation of land for the Levites and the city in the vision of the restored land of Israel. The Levites, who were set apart for religious duties, did not receive a tribal inheritance like the other tribes but were given specific cities and surrounding pasturelands (Numbers 35:1-8). The city property likely refers to the area designated for the city of Jerusalem, which holds significant religious and cultural importance as the center of worship and governance.

will lie in the center of the area belonging to the prince
The "prince" in Ezekiel's vision is a leader who has a special role in the restored Israel. This figure is distinct from the king and is often seen as a type of Christ, representing righteous leadership and governance. The central location of the Levitical and city properties signifies their importance and the centrality of worship and administration in the life of the nation. This central positioning also reflects the idea that spiritual and civic life should be at the heart of the community.

the area between the borders of Judah and Benjamin
Judah and Benjamin were two of the southern tribes of Israel, with Jerusalem historically located within their territories. This geographical reference underscores the historical and prophetic significance of the land. The placement between these two tribes highlights the unity and continuity of the nation, as well as the fulfillment of God's promises to restore and reunite His people. The mention of these specific tribes may also evoke the memory of the united monarchy under David and Solomon, pointing to a future hope of unity and peace.

As for the rest of the tribes:
This phrase indicates a continuation of the division of the land among the tribes of Israel, as described in the preceding verses. The context is the vision of the restored land of Israel, which Ezekiel receives as part of his prophetic ministry. This division is significant as it reflects God's covenant faithfulness to the twelve tribes, despite their historical unfaithfulness. The allocation of land is a fulfillment of the promises made to the patriarchs, particularly Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob.

Benjamin will have one portion:
The tribe of Benjamin is given a specific allotment of land. Historically, Benjamin was one of the smaller tribes, yet it held a significant position due to its location near Jerusalem. This allocation underscores the importance of Benjamin in Israel's history, as it was the tribe of King Saul and later, the Apostle Paul. The mention of Benjamin here also highlights the restoration theme, as the tribe had suffered greatly during the division of the kingdom and the subsequent exiles.

extending from the east side to the west side:
This phrase describes the geographical boundaries of Benjamin's portion, stretching from east to west. This east-west orientation is consistent with the other tribal allocations in Ezekiel's vision, symbolizing equality and order in the distribution of the land. The east-west division may also reflect the idea of completeness and wholeness, as it encompasses the entire breadth of the land. This allocation is part of the larger vision of a restored Israel, where each tribe receives its inheritance, pointing to a future hope of unity and peace.

Simeon will have one portion
The tribe of Simeon, originally one of the twelve tribes of Israel, was initially allocated land within the territory of Judah (Joshua 19:1-9). This allocation in Ezekiel's vision signifies a restoration and reorganization of the tribes in the future. The mention of Simeon having a distinct portion highlights the inclusivity and restoration of all tribes in the eschatological vision, despite their historical absorption into Judah.

bordering the territory of Benjamin
The placement of Simeon's portion next to Benjamin's territory reflects a harmonious arrangement among the tribes. Historically, Benjamin was located between the northern and southern kingdoms, often serving as a bridge between them. This positioning in Ezekiel's vision may symbolize unity and reconciliation among the tribes, as Benjamin was known for its strategic and unifying location (Judges 21:14-24).

from east to west
The description of the land allocation from east to west indicates a linear and organized distribution of the tribal territories. This east-to-west orientation is consistent with the layout of the land in Ezekiel's vision, emphasizing order and divine planning. It also reflects the comprehensive nature of God's promise to restore the land to His people, ensuring each tribe receives its inheritance in the renewed land.

Issachar will have one portion
Issachar, one of the twelve tribes of Israel, was the fifth son of Jacob and Leah. The tribe is often associated with wisdom and understanding of the times (1 Chronicles 12:32). In the context of Ezekiel's vision, the allocation of land to Issachar signifies the restoration and reestablishment of the tribes in the Promised Land, reflecting God's faithfulness to His covenant with Israel. This portion represents a return to the inheritance originally given to the tribes, as seen in the division of land in the book of Joshua.

bordering the territory of Simeon
Simeon, another tribe of Israel, was the second son of Jacob and Leah. Historically, the tribe of Simeon was absorbed into the territory of Judah (Joshua 19:1-9), and its identity became less distinct over time. In Ezekiel's vision, the reestablishment of Simeon's territory alongside Issachar's indicates a reunification and restoration of the tribes. This arrangement emphasizes the unity and equality among the tribes in the future kingdom, as each tribe receives its rightful inheritance.

from east to west
The phrase "from east to west" suggests a horizontal division of the land, which is consistent with the orderly and equitable distribution described in Ezekiel 48. This east-to-west orientation reflects the comprehensive nature of God's plan for His people, ensuring that each tribe has access to the land from one boundary to the other. It symbolizes the completeness and perfection of God's restoration, as well as the unity of the nation under His rule. This geographical layout also mirrors the division of land in the millennial kingdom, as prophesied in other parts of Scripture, such as Revelation 21, where the New Jerusalem is described with precise measurements and boundaries.

Zebulun will have one portion
Zebulun, one of the twelve tribes of Israel, was the sixth son of Jacob and Leah. The allocation of land to Zebulun reflects the fulfillment of God's promise to the patriarchs regarding the inheritance of the Promised Land. This portion signifies the restoration and reestablishment of the tribes in the land, as prophesied in Ezekiel's vision of the new division of the land. The tribe of Zebulun is historically associated with maritime trade and commerce, as suggested in Genesis 49:13, which speaks of Zebulun dwelling by the seashore.

bordering the territory of Issachar
Issachar, another son of Jacob and Leah, was known for its agricultural prosperity and wisdom, as indicated in Genesis 49:14-15. The proximity of Zebulun to Issachar in this allocation may symbolize cooperation and mutual support between the tribes, reflecting the unity and harmony expected in the restored Israel. This arrangement also mirrors the historical settlement patterns during the initial conquest of Canaan, as described in the Book of Joshua.

from east to west
The phrase "from east to west" indicates the orientation and extent of the tribal allotment, suggesting a horizontal division across the land. This east-west orientation is consistent with the layout of the land divisions in Ezekiel's vision, emphasizing order and symmetry in the distribution of the land. It also reflects the comprehensive nature of God's plan for His people, encompassing all directions and ensuring that each tribe receives its rightful inheritance. This phrase underscores the fulfillment of God's covenant promises and the establishment of a new order in the eschatological vision of Israel's future.

And Gad will have one portion
Gad, one of the twelve tribes of Israel, was named after the seventh son of Jacob and Zilpah, Leah's maidservant. Historically, the tribe of Gad settled on the east side of the Jordan River, known for its pastoral lands. In Ezekiel's vision, the allocation of land to Gad signifies the restoration and reorganization of the tribes in the Promised Land, reflecting God's faithfulness to His covenant with Israel. This allocation is part of a larger vision of a restored Israel, emphasizing unity and divine order.

bordering the territory of Zebulun
Zebulun, another tribe of Israel, was traditionally located in the northern part of the land, near the Sea of Galilee. The mention of Gad bordering Zebulun in this prophetic vision suggests a reimagined geography for the tribes, different from their historical locations. This reallocation symbolizes a new beginning and the fulfillment of God's promises. The proximity of these tribes in the vision may also highlight the theme of unity among the tribes, as they are positioned side by side in the restored land.

from east to west
The phrase "from east to west" indicates the orientation of the tribal allotments, suggesting a linear and organized distribution of land. This east-to-west alignment is consistent with the vision of a harmonious and orderly division of the land among the tribes. It reflects the comprehensive nature of God's plan for Israel, encompassing all directions and ensuring that each tribe receives its inheritance. This orientation also mirrors the broader biblical theme of God's sovereignty over all creation, from the rising to the setting of the sun.

The southern border of Gad
This phrase refers to the territorial boundaries assigned to the tribe of Gad in the prophetic vision of the land distribution among the tribes of Israel. Gad was one of the twelve tribes of Israel, descended from Jacob's son Gad. Historically, the tribe of Gad settled on the east side of the Jordan River, but in this vision, they are assigned a portion west of the Jordan. This reflects a future reorganization of tribal lands, emphasizing God's sovereignty in determining the inheritance of His people.

will run from Tamar
Tamar is a location mentioned in the Bible, likely situated near the southern end of the Dead Sea. Its exact location is uncertain, but it is often associated with a place of palm trees, as "Tamar" means "palm tree" in Hebrew. This marks the starting point of the southern boundary for Gad, indicating a significant geographical marker in the southern part of the land.

to the waters of Meribath-kadesh
Meribath-kadesh, also known as Kadesh-barnea, is a significant site in Israel's wilderness wanderings. It is where Moses struck the rock to bring forth water, an act that led to his prohibition from entering the Promised Land (Numbers 20:13). This location serves as a historical reminder of Israel's struggles and God's provision, marking a boundary that connects past events with future promises.

then along the Brook of Egypt
The Brook of Egypt, often identified with the Wadi El-Arish, served as a traditional boundary between Canaan and Egypt. It is a seasonal riverbed that flows into the Mediterranean Sea. This boundary signifies the extent of the land promised to Israel, highlighting God's faithfulness in fulfilling His covenant promises to Abraham regarding the land (Genesis 15:18).

and out to the Great Sea
The Great Sea refers to the Mediterranean Sea, which forms the western boundary of the land. This expansive boundary underscores the vastness of the land God promised to His people. The Mediterranean Sea was a crucial body of water for trade and cultural exchange, symbolizing the potential for Israel to be a light to the nations, as prophesied in Isaiah 49:6.

This is the land you are to allot as an inheritance to the tribes of Israel
This phrase refers to the division of the Promised Land among the twelve tribes of Israel. The concept of land as an inheritance is deeply rooted in the Abrahamic covenant, where God promised Abraham that his descendants would inherit the land of Canaan (Genesis 15:18-21). The allotment of land signifies God's faithfulness to His promises and His desire for each tribe to have a specific portion. This division is reminiscent of the earlier distribution of land under Joshua (Joshua 13-19), emphasizing continuity in God's plan for Israel. The land is not just a physical territory but a symbol of God's covenant relationship with His people.

and these will be their portions,”
The term "portions" indicates the specific areas designated for each tribe. This distribution is detailed in Ezekiel 48, where each tribe receives a portion of land. The use of "portions" underscores the fairness and orderliness of God's provision, ensuring that each tribe has a rightful place in the land. This reflects the biblical principle of justice and equity, as seen in the Jubilee laws (Leviticus 25), where land was to be returned to its original family owners every fifty years. The concept of portions also points to the spiritual inheritance believers have in Christ, as each believer receives a unique role and place in the body of Christ (1 Corinthians 12:12-27).

declares the Lord GOD.
This phrase emphasizes the authority and sovereignty of God in the distribution of the land. The use of "declares" signifies a divine decree, underscoring that the allotment is not a human decision but a fulfillment of God's will. The title "Lord GOD" (YHWH Elohim) highlights God's covenantal name, reminding the Israelites of His eternal nature and His role as the supreme ruler. This declaration assures the Israelites of the certainty and unchangeability of God's promises. It also points to the ultimate fulfillment of God's kingdom, where Christ, as the King of kings, will reign over a restored creation (Revelation 21:1-4).

These will be the exits of the city:
This phrase introduces the detailed description of the gates of the new city, which is part of Ezekiel's vision of the restored Israel. The city represents the future hope and restoration for the people of Israel. The exits symbolize accessibility and the openness of the city to the tribes of Israel, reflecting God's inclusive plan for His people.

Beginning on the north side:
The north side is significant as it often represents the direction from which invaders came in biblical history, such as the Assyrians and Babylonians. In this context, the north side being mentioned first may symbolize the reversal of past judgments and the beginning of a new era of peace and security.

Which will be 4,500 cubits long:
The measurement of 4,500 cubits (approximately 1.5 miles or 2.4 kilometers) indicates the size and grandeur of the city. This specific measurement reflects the order and precision of God's plan. The use of cubits, an ancient unit of measure, connects the vision to the historical context of the Israelites, who would have understood this as a substantial and significant size for a city. The precise dimensions also echo the detailed plans given for the tabernacle and the temple, emphasizing God's attention to detail and the importance of divine order.

the gates of the city will be named after the tribes of Israel
This phrase reflects the deep connection between the city and the twelve tribes of Israel, emphasizing the unity and heritage of God's chosen people. The naming of the gates after the tribes signifies the fulfillment of God's promises to the patriarchs and the enduring covenant with Israel. This mirrors the New Jerusalem in Revelation 21:12, where the gates are also named after the tribes, symbolizing continuity and the eternal nature of God's covenant.

On the north side there will be three gates
The north side of the city, like the other sides, is to have three gates, indicating equal access and representation for the tribes. The number three often symbolizes completeness and divine perfection in biblical numerology. The arrangement of the gates may also reflect the encampment order of the tribes around the Tabernacle in the wilderness (Numbers 2), suggesting a return to divine order and presence.

the gate of Reuben
Reuben, the firstborn of Jacob, is given a gate, signifying his place among the tribes despite losing his birthright due to his transgression (Genesis 49:3-4). This inclusion highlights God's grace and the restoration of all tribes in the eschatological vision. Reuben's gate on the north side may also symbolize the gathering of the scattered tribes from all directions.

the gate of Judah
Judah, from whom the line of David and ultimately Jesus Christ descends, holds a prominent position. The gate of Judah signifies leadership and kingship, as Judah was prophesied to be the ruling tribe (Genesis 49:10). This points to the messianic fulfillment in Christ, the Lion of the tribe of Judah, who reigns eternally.

and the gate of Levi
Levi, the priestly tribe, is honored with a gate, underscoring the importance of worship and the priesthood. Although Levi did not receive a territorial inheritance, their role in spiritual leadership is recognized. This gate symbolizes the eternal priesthood of Christ, who is our High Priest, and the access to God provided through Him. The inclusion of Levi emphasizes the spiritual restoration and the centrality of worship in the new order.

On the east side, which will be 4,500 cubits long
The east side of the city is significant in biblical symbolism, often representing the direction from which divine intervention or presence comes. The measurement of 4,500 cubits indicates a precise and orderly plan, reflecting God's meticulous design for His people. In ancient times, a cubit was approximately 18 inches, making this side about 6,750 feet long. This measurement underscores the grandeur and completeness of the New Jerusalem, as described in Ezekiel's vision, which aligns with the detailed plans given for the tabernacle and temple, emphasizing God's desire for order and holiness.

there will be three gates:
The presence of three gates on each side of the city symbolizes accessibility and the completeness of God's provision for His people. The number three often represents divine completeness or perfection in the Bible. These gates are reminiscent of the twelve gates of the New Jerusalem in Revelation 21:12-13, which also bear the names of the twelve tribes of Israel, signifying the unity and inclusion of all God's people in His eternal kingdom.

the gate of Joseph,
Joseph, one of the sons of Jacob, is a significant figure in Israel's history. His story, marked by suffering and eventual exaltation, is a type of Christ, who also suffered and was exalted. The inclusion of Joseph's name on a gate highlights the themes of redemption and providence. Joseph's two sons, Ephraim and Manasseh, were adopted by Jacob and became two of the tribes of Israel, further emphasizing Joseph's importance in the tribal structure.

the gate of Benjamin,
Benjamin, the youngest son of Jacob, represents the tribe known for its fierce warriors and loyalty. The tribe of Benjamin remained with Judah during the division of the kingdom, symbolizing faithfulness and resilience. The gate of Benjamin may also point to the apostle Paul, a Benjamite, whose missionary work was pivotal in spreading the Gospel, thus connecting the Old Testament heritage with the New Testament mission.

and the gate of Dan.
Dan, one of the tribes of Israel, is often associated with judgment, as the name Dan means "judge." The tribe of Dan was given a portion of land in the northern part of Israel, and its inclusion here may symbolize the comprehensive nature of God's kingdom, encompassing all tribes despite their historical failings. The absence of Dan in the list of tribes in Revelation 7 has led to various interpretations, but its presence here reaffirms the restoration and inclusion of all God's people in the eschatological vision.

On the south side, which will be 4,500 cubits long
This phrase describes the dimensions of the southern boundary of the New Jerusalem as envisioned by Ezekiel. The measurement of 4,500 cubits (approximately 1.5 miles or 2.4 kilometers) reflects the precise and orderly nature of God's design for the city. This mirrors the detailed instructions given for the construction of the Tabernacle and Solomon's Temple, emphasizing God's desire for order and holiness. The south side's inclusion in the vision signifies completeness, as all directions are accounted for, symbolizing the all-encompassing nature of God's kingdom.

there will be three gates:
The presence of three gates on each side of the city is significant, as it represents the accessibility and openness of God's kingdom to all tribes of Israel. The number three often symbolizes completeness and divine perfection in biblical numerology. This arrangement is reminiscent of the encampment of the Israelites around the Tabernacle in the wilderness, where each tribe had a designated position, indicating order and unity among God's people.

the gate of Simeon,
Simeon, the second son of Jacob and Leah, is one of the tribes of Israel. Historically, the tribe of Simeon was absorbed into the territory of Judah, losing its distinct identity. The inclusion of a gate named after Simeon in the New Jerusalem signifies restoration and the fulfillment of God's promises to all tribes, regardless of their historical circumstances. It highlights God's faithfulness and the reunification of His people.

the gate of Issachar,
Issachar, the fifth son of Jacob and Leah, is known for its agricultural prosperity and wisdom. The tribe of Issachar was characterized by its understanding of the times and seasons, as noted in 1 Chronicles 12:32. The gate of Issachar in the New Jerusalem symbolizes the integration of wisdom and discernment into the eternal city, reflecting the values that God esteems in His kingdom.

and the gate of Zebulun.
Zebulun, the sixth son of Jacob and Leah, was a tribe known for its maritime activities and trade. The inclusion of Zebulun's gate suggests the diversity and richness of the New Jerusalem, where different gifts and callings are celebrated. Zebulun's association with the sea also points to the expansive reach of God's kingdom, extending beyond geographical and cultural boundaries. This gate, like the others, underscores the unity and inclusivity of God's eternal plan for His people.

And on the west side, which will be 4,500 cubits long
The west side of the city is described as being 4,500 cubits long. A cubit is an ancient measurement roughly equivalent to 18 inches or 45 centimeters, making this side approximately 6,750 feet or about 2,057 meters. This measurement reflects the precise and orderly nature of God's design for the New Jerusalem, emphasizing the perfection and completeness of God's kingdom. The west side's inclusion in the vision signifies the comprehensive nature of God's promise, extending to all directions and tribes of Israel.

there will be three gates
The presence of three gates on each side of the city symbolizes accessibility and the welcoming nature of God's kingdom. In ancient cities, gates were crucial for defense, trade, and social interaction. Spiritually, these gates represent the entry points into the divine presence, open to all who are part of God's covenant community. The number three often signifies completeness and divine perfection in biblical numerology, further underscoring the fullness of God's plan.

the gate of Gad
Gad was one of the twelve tribes of Israel, named after Jacob's seventh son by Zilpah, Leah's maidservant. The inclusion of Gad's gate signifies the tribe's place in the eternal inheritance of God's people. Historically, the tribe of Gad settled east of the Jordan River, known for their warrior spirit. This gate may symbolize strength and protection, reflecting the tribe's characteristics and their role in the community of Israel.

the gate of Asher
Asher, another of the twelve tribes, was named after Jacob's eighth son by Zilpah. The tribe of Asher was known for its abundance and prosperity, as Jacob's blessing in Genesis 49:20 suggests: "Asher’s food will be rich; he will provide delicacies fit for a king." The gate of Asher may symbolize blessing and provision, highlighting the richness of God's kingdom and the spiritual nourishment available to His people.

and the gate of Naphtali
Naphtali was named after Jacob's sixth son by Bilhah, Rachel's maidservant. The tribe of Naphtali was known for its swiftness and agility, as reflected in Jacob's blessing in Genesis 49:21: "Naphtali is a doe set free that bears beautiful fawns." The gate of Naphtali may represent freedom and beauty, pointing to the liberation and grace found in God's presence. This gate, like the others, signifies the inclusion of all tribes in the divine promise and the unity of God's people in the eschatological vision.

The perimeter of the city will be 18,000 cubits
The measurement of 18,000 cubits for the city's perimeter indicates a significant size, suggesting a city of considerable importance and grandeur. In ancient times, a cubit was approximately 18 inches, making the perimeter about 6 miles. This measurement reflects the completeness and perfection often associated with the number 18 in biblical numerology. The city described is part of Ezekiel's vision of a restored Israel, symbolizing God's ultimate plan for His people. The detailed measurements emphasize the order and precision of God's design, reminiscent of the specific instructions given for the Tabernacle and Solomon's Temple (Exodus 25-27, 1 Kings 6).

and from that day on the name of the city will be:
The renaming of the city signifies a new identity and purpose. In biblical tradition, names hold deep significance, often reflecting character or destiny. The act of naming or renaming by God indicates a transformation or fulfillment of His promises. This echoes other instances in Scripture where God changes names to reflect His covenant, such as Abram to Abraham (Genesis 17:5) and Jacob to Israel (Genesis 32:28). The renaming marks a new era of divine presence and blessing.

THE LORD IS THERE.
The name "THE LORD IS THERE" (Yahweh Shammah) encapsulates the essence of God's promise to dwell among His people. This divine presence is a central theme throughout the Bible, from the Garden of Eden (Genesis 3:8) to the Tabernacle (Exodus 25:8) and the Temple (1 Kings 8:10-11). It foreshadows the ultimate fulfillment in the New Jerusalem, where God will dwell with humanity eternally (Revelation 21:3). This name signifies God's faithfulness and the restoration of the relationship between God and His people, a theme fulfilled in Jesus Christ, who is called "Immanuel," meaning "God with us" (Matthew 1:23). The presence of the Lord brings peace, security, and blessing, underscoring the hope of eternal communion with God.