Leviticus 11:4

But of those that only chew the cud or only have a divided hoof, you are not to eat the following: The camel, though it chews the cud, does not have a divided hoof; it is unclean for you.

Study Bible

But of those that only chew the cud or have only a split hoof
This phrase introduces a specific dietary restriction given to the Israelites. The Hebrew word for "chew the cud" is "גֵּרָה" (gerah), which refers to the process of regurgitating and re-chewing food. This was a sign of cleanliness and purity in the animal kingdom, symbolizing meditation and reflection on God's Word. The "split hoof" or "פַּרְסָה" (parsa) represents discernment and separation from worldly ways. Together, these characteristics symbolize a life that is both reflective and discerning, qualities that God desired in His people.

you are not to eat
This command is a direct prohibition, emphasizing obedience to God's laws. The Hebrew verb "תֹּאכְלוּ" (to'klu) is in the imperfect tense, indicating a continuous or repeated action. This suggests that the Israelites were to consistently avoid these animals, reinforcing the importance of holiness and separation from impurity. The dietary laws served as a daily reminder of their covenant relationship with God and their distinct identity as His chosen people.

the camel
The camel, or "גָּמָל" (gamal) in Hebrew, was a common animal in the ancient Near East, known for its endurance and ability to travel long distances in the desert. Despite its usefulness, the camel was considered unclean because it did not have a split hoof. This distinction highlights the principle that utility or cultural acceptance does not equate to spiritual purity. The camel's inclusion in the list of unclean animals serves as a reminder that God's standards are based on His divine wisdom, not human reasoning.

though it chews the cud
This phrase acknowledges that the camel possesses one of the characteristics of clean animals. However, partial conformity to God's standards is insufficient. The Hebrew word "כִּי" (ki) here serves as a conjunction, indicating a contrast between appearance and reality. This teaches that true holiness requires complete adherence to God's commands, not selective obedience. It underscores the importance of integrity and wholehearted devotion in the believer's life.

does not have a split hoof
The absence of a split hoof in the camel signifies a lack of separation and discernment. In the Hebrew context, the split hoof was a visible sign of an animal's suitability for consumption. This detail emphasizes that external appearances can be deceiving, and true discernment requires looking beyond the surface. For the Israelites, this was a call to exercise spiritual discernment in all areas of life, distinguishing between what is holy and unholy.

it is unclean for you
The declaration of uncleanness, "טָמֵא" (tamei), is a strong statement of ritual impurity. For the Israelites, consuming unclean animals would defile them and disrupt their relationship with God. This underscores the seriousness of maintaining purity and the consequences of disobedience. The phrase "for you" personalizes the command, reminding the Israelites that these laws were given specifically for their benefit and spiritual well-being. It serves as a call to holiness, urging believers to live in a manner that reflects their identity as God's people.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Moses
The prophet and leader of the Israelites who received the laws from God, including dietary laws.

2. Israelites
The chosen people of God to whom the dietary laws were given as part of the covenant.

3. Mount Sinai
The place where Moses received the laws from God, including the dietary restrictions found in Leviticus.

4. Camel
An animal specifically mentioned in this verse as unclean due to its lack of a split hoof, despite chewing the cud.

5. Levitical Law
The body of laws given to the Israelites, including dietary restrictions, to set them apart as God's holy people.

Teaching Points

Holiness and Distinction
The dietary laws were given to set the Israelites apart as a holy nation. As Christians, we are called to live distinct lives that reflect God's holiness.

Obedience to God's Commands
The Israelites were required to obey God's laws, even when they did not fully understand them. Similarly, we are called to trust and obey God's Word.

Symbolism of Purity
The distinction between clean and unclean animals symbolizes the need for spiritual purity. We should examine our lives for anything that may defile us spiritually.

Cultural and Historical Context
Understanding the historical and cultural context of the dietary laws helps us appreciate their significance and the radical nature of the New Testament teachings on food.

Christian Liberty
While the dietary laws are not binding on Christians, they remind us of the importance of respecting others' convictions and exercising our freedom responsibly.

Bible Study Questions

1. How do the dietary laws in Leviticus 11:4 reflect God's desire for His people to be distinct from other nations?

2. In what ways can we apply the principle of holiness and distinction in our lives today?

3. How does the New Testament teaching on clean and unclean foods (e.g., Acts 10, Mark 7) change our understanding of Leviticus 11:4?

4. What are some modern-day "unclean" influences that we should avoid to maintain spiritual purity?

5. How can we balance Christian liberty with sensitivity to others' beliefs and practices regarding food and other cultural issues?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Deuteronomy 14:7
Reiterates the dietary laws, emphasizing the distinction between clean and unclean animals.

Acts 10:9-16
Peter's vision of the sheet with unclean animals, symbolizing the removal of dietary restrictions and the inclusion of Gentiles.

Mark 7:18-19
Jesus declares all foods clean, shifting the focus from external observance to internal purity.

Romans 14:14
Paul discusses the concept of clean and unclean in the context of Christian liberty and conscience.