At that time
This phrase situates the events within a specific period in Jesus' ministry. It follows the account of Jesus' teachings and miracles, including the feeding of the five thousand and walking on water. The timing is significant as it marks a period of growing public awareness and concern among political leaders about Jesus' influence.

Herod the tetrarch
Herod Antipas, son of Herod the Great, ruled as tetrarch of Galilee and Perea. The title "tetrarch" indicates he governed a quarter of his father's kingdom. Known for his role in the execution of John the Baptist, Herod Antipas is a figure of political intrigue and moral weakness. His rule was marked by a desire to maintain power and favor with Rome, often leading to moral compromises.

heard the reports about Jesus
The reports likely included Jesus' miraculous works and growing following, which would have been concerning to Herod. In a time when political stability was fragile, any movement with a large following could be seen as a threat. Herod's awareness of Jesus reflects the widespread impact of Jesus' ministry and foreshadows the tension between Jesus and political authorities. This also connects to Herod's earlier interactions with John the Baptist, as he may have feared a similar challenge to his authority.

and said to his servants,
Herod Antipas, the tetrarch of Galilee and Perea, is speaking here. In the context of the time, a ruler's servants would include close advisors and officials who were privy to his thoughts and decisions. This reflects Herod's inner circle and his reliance on them for counsel. The mention of "servants" indicates a private conversation, suggesting Herod's personal turmoil and fear.

“This is John the Baptist;
John the Baptist was a significant prophetic figure who preached repentance and baptized Jesus. Herod had previously imprisoned and executed John, as detailed earlier in the chapter. Herod's statement reveals his guilty conscience and fear, as he believes John has returned. This reflects the widespread belief in resurrection or the return of prophets, a concept present in Jewish thought.

he has risen from the dead!
The idea of resurrection was not foreign to Jewish beliefs, as seen in the Pharisees' teachings and Old Testament prophecies. Herod's fear that John has risen indicates his superstitious nature and the impact of John's ministry. This also foreshadows the resurrection of Jesus, highlighting the power of God over life and death.

That is why miraculous powers are at work in him.”
Herod attributes the miraculous works of Jesus to John, showing his misunderstanding of Jesus' true identity. This reflects the confusion and rumors about Jesus' ministry circulating at the time. The mention of "miraculous powers" connects to the signs and wonders performed by Jesus, which were evidence of His divine authority and fulfillment of messianic prophecies. Herod's statement underscores the fear and intrigue surrounding Jesus' growing influence.

Now Herod had arrested John
Herod Antipas, the tetrarch of Galilee and Perea, was the son of Herod the Great. He ruled during the time of Jesus and John the Baptist. Herod's arrest of John the Baptist was a politically motivated action, as John was a popular prophet who openly criticized Herod's immoral actions. This arrest reflects the tension between political power and prophetic truth, a recurring theme in the Bible.

and bound him
Binding John signifies the attempt to suppress his influence and message. In biblical times, binding was a common practice for prisoners, symbolizing the restriction of freedom. This act of binding a prophet highlights the conflict between worldly authority and divine mission, as seen in other biblical narratives where God's messengers face persecution.

and put him in prison
John was imprisoned in the fortress of Machaerus, located east of the Dead Sea. This location was a strategic and secure place for detaining political prisoners. The imprisonment of John the Baptist foreshadows the suffering and persecution that Jesus and His followers would endure, emphasizing the cost of discipleship and the opposition faced by those who speak God's truth.

on account of Herodias
Herodias was the wife of Herod's half-brother Philip, and her marriage to Herod Antipas was both unlawful and scandalous according to Jewish law (Leviticus 18:16, 20:21). Herodias's influence over Herod led to John's imprisonment, illustrating the destructive power of sin and the moral corruption within Herod's court. Herodias's role in John's arrest underscores the theme of personal vendettas and the misuse of power.

his brother Philip’s wife
Philip, also known as Herod Philip I, was Herod Antipas's half-brother. Herodias's marriage to Herod Antipas while still being Philip's wife was considered adulterous and incestuous by Jewish standards. This situation highlights the moral decline of Herod's family and serves as a backdrop for John's bold proclamation of righteousness. The unlawful marriage is a direct challenge to God's commandments, setting the stage for John's prophetic confrontation with Herod.

because John had been telling him
John the Baptist, a prophet and forerunner of Jesus, was known for his boldness in proclaiming God's truth. His role was to prepare the way for the Messiah, calling people to repentance. In this context, John was addressing Herod Antipas, the tetrarch of Galilee and Perea. Herod was known for his immoral lifestyle and political ambition. John's repeated confrontation with Herod highlights his commitment to righteousness and his fearless proclamation of God's law, even to those in power. This reflects the prophetic tradition of holding leaders accountable to God's standards, as seen with prophets like Nathan confronting King David.

“It is not lawful for you to have her.”
John was referring to Herod's marriage to Herodias, his brother Philip's wife. According to Levitical law (Leviticus 18:16; 20:21), such a union was considered unlawful and incestuous. Herodias had divorced Philip to marry Herod, which was a violation of Jewish law and customs. This situation exemplifies the moral decay and disregard for God's commandments prevalent among the ruling class of the time. John's rebuke is consistent with the biblical theme of upholding God's law against cultural and personal compromise. This confrontation ultimately led to John's imprisonment and execution, illustrating the cost of prophetic truth-telling. John's stance also prefigures the call for believers to stand firm in truth, regardless of the consequences, echoing the teachings of Jesus on the cost of discipleship.

Although Herod wanted to kill John
Herod Antipas, the tetrarch of Galilee and Perea, was a ruler known for his moral weaknesses and political maneuvering. His desire to kill John the Baptist stemmed from John's public condemnation of Herod's unlawful marriage to Herodias, his brother's wife. This reflects the tension between political power and prophetic truth, a recurring theme in the Bible where God's messengers often face opposition from rulers (e.g., Elijah and Ahab in 1 Kings 18).

he was afraid of the people
Herod's fear of the people highlights the influence and respect John the Baptist commanded among the Jewish populace. This fear indicates Herod's political vulnerability and his awareness of the potential for unrest if he acted against a popular figure. It also underscores the tension between Herod's personal desires and his need to maintain public order, a common dilemma for rulers in biblical narratives.

because they regarded John as a prophet
John the Baptist was widely recognized as a prophet, a messenger of God who called for repentance and prepared the way for Jesus Christ. This recognition by the people is significant, as it places John in the line of Old Testament prophets who spoke God's truth to power. The people's regard for John as a prophet also fulfills the expectation of a prophetic voice preceding the Messiah, as seen in Malachi 3:1 and Isaiah 40:3. This acknowledgment by the people contrasts with the rejection of Jesus by many of the religious leaders, highlighting the theme of true spiritual insight versus hardened hearts.

On Herod’s birthday
Herod Antipas, the tetrarch of Galilee and Perea, celebrated his birthday with a feast. Birthday celebrations were not common among Jews, as they were more associated with pagan customs. This reflects Herod's alignment with Roman and Hellenistic practices, highlighting his political and cultural affiliations. The event sets the stage for the subsequent actions that lead to John the Baptist's execution, showing the moral and spiritual decline of Herod's court.

however, the daughter of Herodias
Herodias was married to Herod Antipas, but she was previously married to his half-brother, Herod Philip. Her daughter, traditionally known as Salome, was a product of this previous marriage. The mention of Herodias' daughter emphasizes the complex and often scandalous family dynamics within the Herodian dynasty, which were marked by political maneuvering and moral corruption. This context is crucial for understanding the motivations and actions of the characters involved.

danced before them
The dance performed by Herodias' daughter was likely a provocative and sensual display, which was unusual for a woman of noble birth. In the cultural context of the time, such a performance would have been considered inappropriate for a royal family member, indicating the moral decay and lack of propriety in Herod's court. This act serves as a catalyst for the events that follow, illustrating the dangers of unchecked lust and the influence of immoral leadership.

and pleased Herod
Herod's pleasure at the dance reveals his susceptibility to sensual temptation and his lack of moral discernment. This moment of weakness leads him to make a rash promise, ultimately resulting in the beheading of John the Baptist. The narrative highlights the consequences of living according to fleshly desires rather than adhering to God's righteous standards. It also serves as a warning about the perils of allowing personal gratification to override justice and truth.

so much that he promised with an oath
Herod Antipas, the tetrarch of Galilee, was known for his impulsive and often reckless decisions. The context here is Herod's birthday celebration, a lavish event likely attended by many influential figures. The promise made with an oath indicates a serious commitment, reflecting the cultural importance of oaths in Jewish and Roman societies. Oaths were binding and breaking them was considered dishonorable. This moment highlights Herod's susceptibility to manipulation and his desire to impress his guests, showing a lack of wisdom and discernment.

to give to her whatever she asked
This phrase underscores the dangerous combination of power and impulsivity. Herod's offer was open-ended, demonstrating a lack of foresight. The cultural context of the time placed significant value on honor and reputation, and Herod's promise was likely intended to showcase his generosity and authority. However, it also reveals his vulnerability to the whims of others, particularly those who could exploit his weaknesses. This situation parallels the story of King Ahasuerus and Esther, where a similar promise was made, highlighting the potential for rash vows to lead to unintended and grave consequences.

Prompted by her mother
This phrase indicates the influence of Herodias, the mother of the girl who danced before Herod. Herodias held a grudge against John the Baptist because he had publicly condemned her marriage to Herod Antipas, which was unlawful according to Jewish law (Leviticus 18:16, 20:21). Herodias's manipulation of her daughter reflects the cultural and familial dynamics of the time, where women often wielded power indirectly through male relatives.

she said
The daughter's compliance in this request highlights the authority and control Herodias had over her. It also underscores the role of women in the ancient Near East, where daughters were expected to obey their mothers and act in accordance with family interests. This moment is pivotal, as it shows the daughter's willingness to carry out her mother's vengeful desires.

“Give me here on a platter
The request for John's head "on a platter" is both literal and symbolic. It reflects the opulence and decadence of Herod's court, where banquets and feasts were common. The platter, a serving dish, signifies the gruesome nature of the request, turning an execution into a spectacle. This imagery also foreshadows the later events of Jesus' own death, where political and personal vendettas lead to unjust outcomes.

the head of John the Baptist.”
John the Baptist was a significant prophetic figure, seen as the forerunner to Jesus Christ (Isaiah 40:3, Malachi 3:1). His beheading marks a turning point in the Gospel narrative, symbolizing the rejection of prophetic truth by political powers. This act of violence against a righteous man prefigures the suffering and martyrdom of Jesus, who also faced opposition from the authorities. John's death serves as a somber reminder of the cost of speaking truth to power.

The king was grieved
Herod Antipas, the tetrarch of Galilee and Perea, is the king referred to here. His grief indicates a conflict between his conscience and his circumstances. Herod respected John the Baptist, recognizing him as a righteous and holy man (Mark 6:20). This internal struggle highlights the moral weakness of Herod, who, despite his authority, is swayed by external pressures. The grief also reflects the broader biblical theme of the struggle between sin and righteousness, as seen in Romans 7:15-25.

but because of his oaths
Herod had made a rash promise to Herodias's daughter, Salome, after her dance pleased him and his guests. In the ancient Near Eastern culture, oaths were considered binding and sacred, as seen in Numbers 30:2 and Ecclesiastes 5:4-5. Breaking an oath could lead to a loss of honor and credibility. Herod's adherence to his oath, despite his personal grief, underscores the cultural and social importance of keeping one's word, even when it leads to unjust actions.

and his guests
The presence of guests at Herod's birthday banquet added social pressure to fulfill his promise. In the context of a public setting, maintaining honor and reputation was paramount. The guests likely included influential figures, making Herod's decision a matter of public image. This scenario reflects the biblical theme of peer pressure and the fear of man, as cautioned against in Proverbs 29:25.

he ordered that her wish be granted
Herod's decision to grant Salome's request for John the Baptist's head demonstrates the tragic consequences of prioritizing human approval over divine righteousness. This act of yielding to sinful demands contrasts with the steadfastness of Jesus, who resisted temptation and remained obedient to God's will (Matthew 4:1-11). Herod's compliance with the request also fulfills the prophecy of John the Baptist's martyrdom, as he was the forerunner of Christ, preparing the way for the Messiah (Isaiah 40:3, Malachi 3:1).

and sent
This phrase indicates an authoritative command. Herod Antipas, the ruler of Galilee and Perea, had the power to send orders. This reflects the political structure of the time, where local rulers had significant autonomy under Roman oversight. The act of sending also implies a deliberate decision, highlighting Herod's role in the events that follow.

to have John beheaded
Beheading was a common form of execution for those considered a threat to the state or public order. John the Baptist, a prophet and forerunner of Jesus, had publicly criticized Herod for marrying Herodias, his brother's wife, which was against Jewish law (Leviticus 18:16). This act of execution fulfilled Herodias's desire for revenge against John. The method of execution underscores the severity of John's perceived threat to Herod's rule and the influence of Herodias. John's martyrdom is a precursor to the suffering and death of Jesus, who also faced opposition from political and religious leaders.

in the prison
John was imprisoned in the fortress of Machaerus, located east of the Dead Sea. This fortress was one of Herod's strongholds, strategically placed and heavily fortified. The imprisonment of John highlights the tension between the prophetic voice and political power. It also serves as a reminder of the cost of discipleship and the potential consequences of speaking truth to power. John's imprisonment and subsequent execution foreshadow the trials and persecution faced by early Christians and the ultimate sacrifice of Jesus Christ.

John’s head was brought in on a platter
This phrase describes the gruesome fulfillment of Herodias's request, highlighting the brutality of Herod Antipas's court. The act of presenting a severed head on a platter reflects the opulence and decadence of Herodian banquets, which were influenced by Roman customs. This event underscores the moral corruption and the extent of Herodias's vindictiveness. The beheading of John the Baptist fulfills his role as a forerunner to Christ, paralleling the suffering and martyrdom that Jesus would later endure.

and presented to the girl
The girl, identified earlier in the chapter as Herodias's daughter, Salome, becomes an unwitting participant in this act of violence. Her involvement illustrates the manipulation and use of women in political and familial power struggles of the time. This presentation signifies the completion of Herodias's scheme, using her daughter to achieve her vengeful desires. The act also serves as a stark contrast to the innocence often associated with youth, highlighting the moral decay present in Herod's court.

who carried it to her mother
Salome's delivery of John's head to Herodias signifies the culmination of Herodias's long-standing grudge against John for his condemnation of her marriage to Herod Antipas. This act of carrying the head to her mother symbolizes the transfer of guilt and the perpetuation of sin within the family. It also reflects the fulfillment of Herodias's manipulative plan, showcasing her influence over both her daughter and Herod. This event foreshadows the rejection and persecution that Jesus and His followers would face, as those in power often resist the truth of God's message.

Then John’s disciples came
John the Baptist had a group of dedicated followers who respected him as a prophet and teacher. This phrase indicates their loyalty and devotion, as they took the initiative to care for his remains. In the cultural context of the time, disciples often took responsibility for their teacher's affairs, especially in death, reflecting a deep bond and respect.

and took his body
The act of taking John's body shows the disciples' courage and commitment, as approaching the body of someone executed by Herod could have been dangerous. This reflects the Jewish custom of burying the dead promptly, as seen in Deuteronomy 21:23, which emphasizes the importance of burial on the same day.

and buried it.
Burial was a significant act of honor and respect in Jewish culture. The disciples' actions fulfilled the Jewish law and customs regarding the treatment of the dead. This also parallels the later burial of Jesus, where His followers ensured He was buried according to Jewish customs, as seen in John 19:38-42.

And they went and informed Jesus.
The disciples' decision to inform Jesus highlights their recognition of His authority and their need for guidance in a time of grief. This act of informing Jesus also signifies the transition of focus from John the Baptist to Jesus, as John's role was to prepare the way for Christ, as prophesied in Isaiah 40:3 and fulfilled in Matthew 3:3.

When Jesus heard about John
This phrase refers to the news of John the Baptist's execution by Herod Antipas. John was a significant prophetic figure, preparing the way for Jesus (Matthew 3:1-3). His death marked a pivotal moment in Jesus' ministry, highlighting the growing opposition to the message of repentance and the kingdom of God. John's martyrdom foreshadows the suffering and sacrifice Jesus Himself would endure.

He withdrew by boat privately to a solitary place
Jesus' withdrawal signifies a moment of reflection and mourning for John, His relative and forerunner. The solitary place, likely near the Sea of Galilee, provided a setting for prayer and communion with the Father. This action also demonstrates Jesus' humanity, needing time away from the crowds. The Sea of Galilee, a central location in Jesus' ministry, was surrounded by hills and secluded areas ideal for solitude.

But the crowds found out about it
Despite Jesus' intention for privacy, His growing popularity made it difficult to remain unnoticed. The crowds' determination to seek Him reflects their desperation for healing and teaching. This pursuit underscores the widespread impact of Jesus' ministry and the people's recognition of His authority and compassion.

and followed Him on foot from the towns
The crowds' willingness to travel on foot from various towns indicates their eagerness and faith in Jesus' power to heal and teach. This movement from the towns to the solitary place highlights the contrast between the bustling life of the towns and the quietness Jesus sought. It also sets the stage for the subsequent miracle of feeding the five thousand, demonstrating Jesus' compassion and provision for those who seek Him.

When He stepped ashore
This phrase indicates Jesus' movement from the boat to the land, highlighting His active ministry. The setting is likely near the Sea of Galilee, a central location for Jesus' teachings and miracles. This area was a hub of activity and trade, making it a strategic place for reaching diverse groups of people. The act of stepping ashore signifies Jesus' readiness to engage with the people and address their needs.

and saw a large crowd
The presence of a large crowd reflects Jesus' growing popularity and the people's eagerness to hear His teachings and witness His miracles. This crowd likely consisted of individuals from various backgrounds, including Jews and possibly Gentiles, indicating the widespread impact of Jesus' ministry. The gathering of such a crowd also fulfills the prophetic anticipation of a shepherd gathering His flock, as seen in passages like Ezekiel 34:11-16.

He had compassion on them
Jesus' compassion is a recurring theme in the Gospels, demonstrating His deep empathy and love for humanity. This compassion is not merely an emotional response but a driving force for His actions. It reflects the heart of God, who is described as compassionate and gracious throughout the Old Testament (e.g., Exodus 34:6). Jesus' compassion here prefigures His ultimate act of love and sacrifice on the cross.

and healed their sick
The act of healing signifies Jesus' authority over physical ailments and His role as the Great Physician. Healing the sick was a tangible demonstration of the Kingdom of God breaking into the world, fulfilling prophecies such as Isaiah 35:5-6, which speak of the Messiah bringing restoration and wholeness. This healing ministry also serves as a type of the spiritual healing and salvation Jesus offers to all who believe in Him.

When evening came
The timing of events in biblical narratives often holds significance. Evening in Jewish culture marks the transition from day to night, a time for rest and reflection. In the context of Jesus' ministry, evening often signifies a moment of deeper teaching or miraculous intervention, as seen in other instances where Jesus performs miracles or teaches profound truths during this time.

the disciples came to Him and said
The disciples frequently approached Jesus with concerns or questions, reflecting their role as learners and followers. This interaction highlights their dependence on Jesus for guidance and solutions, a theme consistent throughout the Gospels. It also underscores the developing relationship between Jesus and His disciples, where they are learning to trust in His provision and wisdom.

This is a desolate place
The setting is significant, as it emphasizes the isolation and lack of resources available. Desolate places in Scripture often serve as settings for divine encounters and miracles, such as the Israelites receiving manna in the wilderness. This phrase sets the stage for a miraculous provision, drawing a parallel to God's provision in the Old Testament.

and the hour is already late
The mention of time underscores the urgency of the situation. In a cultural context where travel and commerce were limited to daylight hours, the lateness of the hour would have heightened the disciples' concern for the crowd's well-being. This detail adds to the narrative tension, setting up the need for a miraculous solution.

Dismiss the crowds so they can go to the villages
The disciples' suggestion reflects a practical approach to the problem, relying on human means to address the crowd's needs. This request also highlights their limited understanding of Jesus' ability to provide supernaturally. The mention of villages indicates the rural setting and the reliance on nearby communities for sustenance.

and buy themselves some food
This phrase points to the disciples' concern for the physical needs of the crowd, a recurring theme in Jesus' ministry. It also reflects the economic practices of the time, where buying food was a common necessity. The suggestion to buy food contrasts with the miraculous provision that Jesus is about to demonstrate, highlighting the difference between human and divine solutions.

They do not need to go away,
This phrase reflects Jesus' compassion and care for the crowd. In the context of the narrative, the disciples suggest sending the crowd away to find food, but Jesus sees an opportunity to demonstrate God's provision. This moment is set in a remote area near the Sea of Galilee, emphasizing the miraculous nature of what is about to occur. The statement also highlights Jesus' authority and ability to meet needs, contrasting human limitations with divine sufficiency. It echoes the Old Testament provision of manna in the wilderness (Exodus 16), where God provided for the Israelites' needs directly.

Jesus replied.
Jesus' response is direct and authoritative, indicating His role as a teacher and leader. His reply is not just a suggestion but a command, showing His intention to involve the disciples in the miracle. This interaction is a teaching moment for the disciples, challenging their understanding of faith and reliance on God. It also foreshadows the role of the disciples in the early church, where they would be responsible for spiritual nourishment and guidance.

You give them something to eat.
This command challenges the disciples to act in faith, despite their apparent lack of resources. It underscores the theme of divine provision and the disciples' role in distributing God's blessings. The phrase connects to the broader biblical theme of God using His followers to accomplish His purposes, as seen in the feeding of the 5,000, which prefigures the Last Supper and the Eucharist. It also points to Jesus as the Bread of Life (John 6:35), who provides spiritual sustenance. The command encourages believers to trust in God's provision and to be active participants in His work.

We have here only five loaves of bread and two fish,
This phrase highlights the disciples' initial response to Jesus' instruction to feed the multitude. The mention of "five loaves of bread and two fish" underscores the limited resources available, setting the stage for the miraculous feeding of the 5,000. This event is one of the few miracles recorded in all four Gospels, emphasizing its significance. The loaves were likely small barley loaves, common food for the poor, as noted in John 6:9. The fish were probably small, salted fish, typical of the region around the Sea of Galilee, where fishing was a primary occupation. This setting reflects the everyday life and sustenance of the people in first-century Palestine.

they answered.
The disciples' response indicates their practical concern and limited understanding of Jesus' power at this moment. Their answer reflects a human perspective focused on scarcity and insufficiency. This moment serves as a teaching opportunity for Jesus to demonstrate His divine provision and foreshadows the spiritual nourishment He offers. The disciples' interaction with Jesus here can be compared to other instances where they struggle to grasp His teachings and miracles, such as in Mark 8:14-21, where Jesus reminds them of the feeding miracles to illustrate His ability to provide.

Bring them here to Me,
In this passage, Jesus is responding to the disciples' concern about feeding the large crowd. The phrase "Bring them here to Me" signifies Jesus' invitation to involve Him in the situation. This reflects a recurring biblical theme where God invites His people to bring their needs and resources to Him, trusting in His provision. The act of bringing the loaves and fish to Jesus symbolizes surrender and faith, acknowledging that human resources are insufficient without divine intervention. This mirrors the Old Testament instances where God provided for His people, such as manna in the wilderness (Exodus 16).

Jesus said.
The authority of Jesus is emphasized here. His words are not merely suggestions but carry the weight of divine command. Throughout the Gospels, Jesus' words bring about miraculous changes, such as calming storms (Mark 4:39) and healing the sick (Matthew 8:3). This phrase also highlights Jesus' role as the Good Shepherd, who cares for His flock and provides for their needs. In the broader context of Matthew 14, this miracle prefigures the Last Supper and the Eucharist, where Jesus provides spiritual nourishment. Jesus' command to bring the loaves and fish to Him foreshadows His ultimate provision through His sacrifice on the cross, fulfilling the prophecies of a Messiah who would shepherd and feed His people (Ezekiel 34:23).

And He directed the crowds to sit down on the grass.
In this passage, Jesus organizes the multitude, demonstrating His authority and orderliness. The act of sitting down on the grass suggests a natural amphitheater setting, common in the Galilean region, which would have facilitated communication with a large crowd. This setting also reflects the pastoral imagery found in Psalm 23, where the Lord makes His people lie down in green pastures, symbolizing provision and rest. The act of sitting down indicates preparation for receiving, both physically and spiritually.

Taking the five loaves and the two fish
The five loaves and two fish highlight the meager resources available, emphasizing the miraculous nature of what is about to occur. This small amount of food, likely barley loaves and dried fish, was typical of a poor person's meal in first-century Palestine. The numbers five and two may also have symbolic significance, with five representing the Pentateuch and two possibly symbolizing witness or testimony, as seen in the requirement for two witnesses in Jewish law.

and looking up to heaven, He spoke a blessing.
Jesus' action of looking up to heaven signifies His dependence on the Father and acknowledges the source of all provision. This gesture is a model of prayer and thanksgiving, aligning with Jewish customs of blessing God before meals. The blessing spoken by Jesus is not recorded verbatim, but it likely followed the traditional Jewish blessing over bread, acknowledging God as the provider. This act of blessing transforms the ordinary into the extraordinary, prefiguring the Eucharistic prayers in Christian tradition.

Then He broke the loaves and gave them to the disciples,
Breaking the bread is a significant act, symbolizing the breaking of Jesus' body, which will later be commemorated in the Last Supper. This act of breaking and distributing is a type of Christ's sacrificial offering. By giving the loaves to the disciples, Jesus involves them in the miracle, teaching them about service and the distribution of God's provision. This foreshadows the role of the disciples as leaders in the early Church, tasked with spreading the Gospel and spiritual nourishment.

and the disciples gave them to the people.
The disciples' role in distributing the food illustrates the principle of stewardship and the importance of serving others. This act of distribution is a practical demonstration of faith in action, as the disciples trust in Jesus' provision. It also reflects the communal aspect of the early Christian community, where resources were shared among believers. This miracle is a precursor to the spiritual feeding that the disciples will provide through their teaching and ministry, as seen in the Acts of the Apostles.

They all ate and were satisfied
This phrase highlights the miraculous provision of Jesus, demonstrating His divine power and compassion. The feeding of the five thousand is one of the few miracles recorded in all four Gospels, underscoring its significance. In a cultural context where food scarcity was common, the satisfaction of the crowd signifies not just physical fulfillment but also spiritual nourishment. This event foreshadows the Last Supper and the Eucharist, where Jesus offers Himself as the bread of life, satisfying the deepest spiritual hunger of humanity. The miracle also reflects Old Testament themes, such as God's provision of manna in the wilderness (Exodus 16), emphasizing Jesus as the fulfillment of God's promises.

and the disciples picked up twelve basketfuls of broken pieces that were left over
The collection of twelve basketfuls of leftovers is rich in symbolism. The number twelve often represents the twelve tribes of Israel, suggesting the abundance of God's provision for His people. It also signifies the role of the disciples in gathering and distributing the blessings of Christ, pointing to their future mission in spreading the Gospel. The act of gathering the leftovers indicates good stewardship and the importance of valuing God's gifts. This abundance contrasts with the initial scarcity, illustrating the principle that in God's kingdom, there is always more than enough. The broken pieces symbolize the broken body of Christ, which, though broken, provides sustenance and life to all who partake.

About five thousand men were fed
This phrase highlights the miraculous nature of the event, emphasizing the sheer number of people Jesus fed with limited resources. The feeding of the five thousand is one of the few miracles recorded in all four Gospels (Matthew 14:13-21, Mark 6:30-44, Luke 9:10-17, John 6:1-14), underscoring its significance. The number "five thousand" refers specifically to men, which was a common way of counting in ancient times, often excluding women and children. This miracle demonstrates Jesus' compassion and divine provision, echoing the Old Testament provision of manna in the wilderness (Exodus 16). It also prefigures the Last Supper and the Eucharist, where Jesus provides spiritual nourishment.

besides women and children
This addition indicates that the total number of people fed was significantly higher than five thousand, possibly reaching ten to fifteen thousand or more. The inclusion of women and children highlights the comprehensive nature of Jesus' ministry, which reached all demographics. In the cultural context of the time, women and children were often not counted in official records, yet Jesus' ministry consistently elevated their status and included them in His miracles and teachings. This phrase also emphasizes the abundance of Jesus' provision, as He not only met the needs of the counted men but also the entire crowd present.

Immediately Jesus made the disciples get into the boat
This phrase highlights the urgency and authority of Jesus' actions. The word "immediately" suggests a swift transition from the previous events, where Jesus had just performed the miracle of feeding the 5,000. Jesus' directive to the disciples to get into the boat underscores His role as a leader and teacher, guiding them even when they may not understand the full purpose. This action can be seen as a test of obedience and faith, as the disciples are sent ahead without Jesus, who remains behind.

and go on ahead of Him to the other side
The "other side" refers to the eastern shore of the Sea of Galilee, a region known for its mixed population of Jews and Gentiles. This journey across the sea can symbolize the mission of the disciples to spread the Gospel beyond Jewish territories, foreshadowing the Great Commission. The Sea of Galilee itself is a significant location in Jesus' ministry, often serving as a backdrop for His teachings and miracles.

while He dismissed the crowds
Jesus' decision to dismiss the crowds personally shows His compassion and care for the people, ensuring they are sent away peacefully after being fed. This act also reflects His desire for solitude and prayer, as He often withdrew to pray after significant events. The dismissal of the crowds can be seen as a moment of transition, moving from public ministry to a more intimate teaching moment with His disciples.

After He had dismissed them
This phrase refers to Jesus dismissing the crowds after the miraculous feeding of the five thousand. This act of dismissal shows Jesus' authority and compassion, ensuring the people were fed both physically and spiritually before sending them away. It also highlights His understanding of the need for solitude and prayer, setting an example for His disciples and followers.

He went up on the mountain by Himself to pray
Mountains in biblical times were often seen as places of divine encounter and revelation. Jesus frequently sought solitude in such places to commune with the Father, demonstrating His dependence on God and the importance of prayer. This act underscores His dual nature as both fully God and fully man, needing time in prayer to align His human will with the divine purpose. It also prefigures the transfiguration, another significant event on a mountain.

When evening came
The mention of evening sets the scene for the subsequent events, emphasizing the passage of time and the transition from day to night. In biblical symbolism, evening can represent a time of reflection and preparation for what is to come. It also foreshadows the coming storm on the Sea of Galilee, setting the stage for Jesus' miraculous walk on water.

He was there alone
This emphasizes Jesus' intentional solitude, highlighting the importance of withdrawing from the busyness of ministry to seek God's presence. It reflects the biblical principle of finding strength and guidance in quietness and trust. Jesus' solitude also serves as a model for believers to seek personal time with God, away from distractions, to recharge spiritually and gain clarity for their mission.

but the boat was already far from land
The disciples were in a boat on the Sea of Galilee, a freshwater lake known for sudden storms due to its geographical setting. The phrase indicates they were a significant distance from the shore, emphasizing their vulnerability and isolation. This setting underscores the disciples' dependence on Jesus, who was not physically present with them at this moment. The Sea of Galilee is about 13 miles long and 8 miles wide, and being far from land would mean they were likely in the middle of the lake, away from immediate help.

buffeted by the waves
The term "buffeted" suggests a violent and continuous assault by the waves, indicating a severe storm. This imagery is consistent with the unpredictable weather patterns of the Sea of Galilee, where winds can funnel through the surrounding hills, creating sudden and fierce storms. The disciples, many of whom were experienced fishermen, would have been familiar with such conditions, yet the severity of this storm was enough to cause fear and distress.

because the wind was against it
The wind being "against" the boat highlights the struggle and opposition the disciples faced. In biblical symbolism, wind often represents challenges or trials. This scenario can be seen as a test of faith, where the disciples must rely on their trust in Jesus despite the adverse conditions. The wind's opposition also serves as a metaphor for spiritual opposition, where believers may face resistance in their journey of faith. This scene foreshadows the coming of Jesus, who will demonstrate His authority over nature, reinforcing His divine identity and the disciples' need to trust in His power.

During the fourth watch of the night
The "fourth watch" refers to the Roman division of the night into four parts, each lasting three hours. This watch would be approximately from 3:00 AM to 6:00 AM. The timing is significant as it was the darkest part of the night, symbolizing a period of trial and fear for the disciples. Biblically, God often acts in the darkest times, bringing light and deliverance, as seen in Exodus 14:24 when God troubled the Egyptian army during the last watch of the night.

Jesus went out to them
This phrase highlights Jesus' initiative and divine authority. Despite the physical separation, Jesus approaches His disciples, demonstrating His omnipresence and care. It reflects the theme of God reaching out to humanity, as seen in the incarnation (John 1:14). Jesus' approach signifies His readiness to assist and comfort His followers in times of distress.

walking on the sea
Walking on water is a miraculous act that underscores Jesus' divine nature and authority over creation. In the Old Testament, only God is described as having control over the seas (Job 9:8, Psalm 77:19). This act fulfills the typology of Jesus as the Lord of creation, echoing the power displayed in Genesis 1:2 where the Spirit of God hovers over the waters. It also prefigures Jesus' ultimate victory over chaos and evil, symbolized by the sea in biblical literature.

When the disciples saw Him walking on the sea
This event occurs on the Sea of Galilee, a freshwater lake in Israel known for sudden storms due to its geographical location. The disciples, experienced fishermen, would have been familiar with the sea's temperament. Jesus walking on water demonstrates His authority over nature, echoing Old Testament themes where God alone treads on the waves (Job 9:8). This miracle reveals Jesus' divine nature, affirming His identity as the Son of God.

they were terrified
The disciples' fear highlights their human limitations and lack of understanding of Jesus' divine power. Despite witnessing previous miracles, they struggle to comprehend the full extent of His authority. This reaction is consistent with human responses to divine encounters throughout Scripture, where fear often precedes understanding and revelation (e.g., Isaiah 6:5).

“It’s a ghost!” they said
In the cultural context of the time, belief in spirits or ghosts was common. The disciples' immediate assumption reflects their fear and confusion, as they attempt to rationalize the supernatural event with their existing beliefs. This reaction underscores their initial inability to recognize Jesus' presence and power, a theme that recurs in the Gospels as the disciples gradually come to understand His true nature.

and cried out in fear
The disciples' cry of fear is a natural human response to the unknown and the seemingly impossible. This moment of vulnerability sets the stage for Jesus to reveal His comforting presence and authority, as He often does in moments of human weakness and need. Their fear contrasts with the peace and assurance that Jesus brings, illustrating the transformative power of faith and trust in Him.

But Jesus spoke up at once:
This phrase highlights the immediacy of Jesus' response to the disciples' fear. In the context of Matthew 14, Jesus had just performed the miracle of feeding the 5,000 and sent the disciples ahead by boat while He went to pray. The Sea of Galilee, where this event occurs, is known for sudden storms, which would have been terrifying for the disciples. Jesus' prompt response demonstrates His awareness and concern for their distress, emphasizing His role as a protector and guide.

Take courage!
This command is a call to bravery and confidence, often used by Jesus to reassure His followers. In the biblical context, courage is not merely an absence of fear but a trust in God's presence and power. This phrase echoes God's encouragement to Joshua in Joshua 1:9, where God commands him to be strong and courageous. It reflects the biblical theme that true courage comes from faith in God's promises and presence.

It is I.
The phrase "It is I" is significant because it can be understood as an echo of God's self-identification in Exodus 3:14, "I AM WHO I AM." In the Greek, "ego eimi" is used, which is the same phrase Jesus uses in other parts of the Gospels to assert His divinity (e.g., John 8:58). This declaration reassures the disciples of Jesus' divine authority and presence, affirming His identity as the Son of God.

Do not be afraid.
This command is a frequent reassurance found throughout Scripture, often given by God or His messengers to His people. Fear is a natural human response, but the biblical narrative consistently encourages trust in God over fear. In Isaiah 41:10, God tells His people not to fear because He is with them. Jesus' command here is a reminder of His sovereignty over nature and circumstances, encouraging the disciples to trust in His power and presence even in the midst of chaos.

“Lord, if it is You,”
Peter addresses Jesus as "Lord," indicating his recognition of Jesus' authority and divinity. This title is significant in the New Testament, often used to acknowledge Jesus' divine nature. The phrase "if it is You" reflects Peter's uncertainty and need for confirmation, a common human response to miraculous events. This moment occurs shortly after Jesus has fed the 5,000, demonstrating His power over nature and provision, which sets the stage for Peter's request.

Peter replied,
Peter, often seen as the spokesperson for the disciples, is known for his impulsive nature. His response is immediate, showing his eagerness and boldness. This interaction takes place during a storm on the Sea of Galilee, a body of water known for sudden and violent storms due to its geographical location. Peter's reply is a mix of faith and doubt, a theme that runs throughout his life and ministry.

“command me to come to You on the water.”
Peter's request to walk on water is a bold act of faith, asking Jesus to enable him to do the impossible. This reflects the biblical theme of faith in action, where belief in Jesus' power leads to miraculous outcomes. The act of walking on water is symbolic of overcoming chaos and fear, as water often represents chaos in biblical literature. This request also foreshadows Peter's future role in the early church, where he will be called to step out in faith repeatedly. The water here is the Sea of Galilee, a significant location in Jesus' ministry, symbolizing both physical and spiritual challenges.

“Come,” said Jesus.
This invitation from Jesus is a direct command and a test of faith. It echoes the call of Jesus to His disciples in other parts of the Gospels, such as when He called them to follow Him (Matthew 4:19). The word "Come" signifies an invitation to step out in faith, leaving behind the safety of the boat, which represents human security and comfort. This moment is a demonstration of Jesus' authority over nature and His ability to empower His followers to do the impossible when they trust in Him. The command also reflects the personal relationship Jesus has with His disciples, as He knows Peter by name and calls him specifically.

Then Peter got down out of the boat,
Peter's action of getting out of the boat is significant as it shows his willingness to trust Jesus and take a step of faith. The boat can be seen as a symbol of the church or the community of believers, and Peter's stepping out represents a move from collective security to individual faith. This act is a demonstration of Peter's impulsive nature, which is seen throughout the Gospels, such as when he declares Jesus as the Messiah (Matthew 16:16) or when he cuts off the servant's ear in the Garden of Gethsemane (John 18:10). It also foreshadows Peter's role as a leader in the early church, where he would often be the first to act or speak.

walked on the water,
Walking on water is a miraculous event that signifies divine power and authority over creation. In the Old Testament, only God is described as having control over the seas (Job 9:8, Psalm 77:19), and this act by Peter, enabled by Jesus, shows the divine nature of Christ and His ability to share His power with His followers. This miracle is unique to the Gospels and serves as a type of Jesus' own resurrection, where He defies natural laws. It also prefigures the believer's ability to overcome worldly challenges through faith in Christ.

and came toward Jesus.
Peter's movement toward Jesus symbolizes the journey of faith, where believers are called to draw closer to Christ. This phrase highlights the importance of keeping one's focus on Jesus, as Peter's subsequent fear and sinking occur when he looks away from Christ and at the storm (Matthew 14:30). The act of coming toward Jesus is a metaphor for spiritual growth and discipleship, emphasizing the need for continual movement toward a deeper relationship with Him. This journey is echoed in other scriptures that call believers to draw near to God (James 4:8) and to run the race set before them, fixing their eyes on Jesus (Hebrews 12:1-2).

But when he saw the strength of the wind
Peter's experience on the water occurs during a storm on the Sea of Galilee, a body of water known for sudden and violent storms due to its geographical location. The "strength of the wind" highlights the natural challenges faced by the disciples, emphasizing the reality of the situation. Biblically, wind often symbolizes chaos and trials (e.g., Job 1:19, Jonah 1:4). Peter's focus shifts from Jesus to the surrounding circumstances, illustrating a common human tendency to be overwhelmed by immediate challenges rather than maintaining faith.

he was afraid
Fear is a natural human response to danger, and Peter's fear reflects a momentary lapse in faith. Throughout Scripture, fear is often juxtaposed with faith (Isaiah 41:10, Matthew 8:26). This moment serves as a reminder of the importance of trust in God, even when circumstances seem dire. Peter's fear contrasts with Jesus' earlier command to "take courage" (Matthew 14:27), highlighting the struggle between faith and doubt.

and, beginning to sink
Peter's sinking is both literal and metaphorical, representing the consequences of taking one's eyes off Jesus. The act of sinking symbolizes the loss of spiritual focus and the resulting vulnerability. This imagery is echoed in other biblical passages where individuals face peril when they stray from God's guidance (e.g., Jonah 2:3-6). It serves as a cautionary tale about the dangers of doubt and the need for steadfast faith.

cried out, “Lord, save me!”
Peter's cry is a direct appeal to Jesus, acknowledging his inability to save himself. This plea is a model of prayer and dependence on God, reflecting the essence of salvation—recognizing one's need for divine intervention. The phrase "Lord, save me" is a succinct expression of faith and trust in Jesus' power to deliver. It parallels other instances in Scripture where individuals call upon the Lord in times of distress (Psalm 18:6, Romans 10:13). This moment underscores the theme of Jesus as Savior, a central tenet of Christian belief.

Immediately Jesus reached out His hand and took hold of Peter.
This phrase highlights the immediacy of Jesus' response to Peter's need. In the context of Matthew 14, Peter had stepped out of the boat to walk on water towards Jesus, demonstrating a moment of faith. However, when he saw the wind, he became afraid and began to sink. Jesus' immediate action underscores His readiness to save and His authority over nature. This act of reaching out is symbolic of divine intervention and support, reflecting the Old Testament imagery of God's saving hand (Isaiah 41:10). The Sea of Galilee, where this event took place, is known for sudden storms, making Jesus' control over the elements even more significant.

“You of little faith,” He said,
Jesus' address to Peter as "you of little faith" serves as both a rebuke and a teaching moment. It reflects a recurring theme in the Gospels where Jesus challenges His disciples to grow in their faith (Matthew 8:26, Matthew 17:20). The phrase suggests that faith is not just about initial belief but requires perseverance and trust in the face of fear and doubt. This moment is a call for deeper reliance on Jesus, who is the embodiment of faithfulness and divine power.

“why did you doubt?”
The question "why did you doubt?" points to the internal struggle Peter faced between faith and fear. Doubt, in this context, is seen as a hindrance to experiencing the fullness of God's power and presence. This echoes James 1:6, where believers are encouraged to ask in faith without doubting. The question invites reflection on the nature of doubt and its impact on spiritual growth. It also serves as a reminder of the importance of keeping one's focus on Jesus, who is the author and perfecter of faith (Hebrews 12:2). This moment foreshadows the greater trials of faith the disciples will face and the need for unwavering trust in Christ.

And when they had climbed back into the boat
This phrase follows the miraculous event of Jesus walking on water and Peter's attempt to do the same. The act of climbing back into the boat signifies a return to safety and stability after a moment of divine intervention. The boat can be seen as a symbol of the Church, providing refuge and community for believers. The act of climbing back into the boat also highlights the importance of faith and trust in Jesus, as Peter's initial fear and doubt led to his sinking. This moment emphasizes the need for reliance on Christ, who is always ready to extend a hand to those who call upon Him.

the wind died down
The calming of the wind is a demonstration of Jesus' authority over nature, reinforcing His divine power. This event is reminiscent of the calming of the storm in Matthew 8:23-27, where Jesus rebukes the winds and the sea, and there is a great calm. In both instances, the disciples witness Jesus' control over the elements, which serves to strengthen their faith and understanding of His divine nature. The calming of the wind can also be seen as a metaphor for the peace that Jesus brings into the lives of believers, calming the storms of life and providing assurance of His presence and power.

Then those who were in the boat
This phrase refers to the disciples of Jesus, who were with Him on the Sea of Galilee. The context is the aftermath of Jesus walking on water and calming the storm, demonstrating His authority over nature. The Sea of Galilee, a freshwater lake in Israel, was a central location for Jesus' ministry and many of His miracles. The disciples, being fishermen, were familiar with the sea, yet they were still amazed by Jesus' power.

worshiped Him,
The act of worship here indicates a recognition of Jesus' divine nature. In Jewish culture, worship was reserved for God alone, suggesting that the disciples were beginning to understand Jesus' true identity. This moment marks a significant development in their faith journey, as they move from seeing Jesus as a teacher and miracle worker to acknowledging His divinity.

saying, “Truly You are the Son of God!”
This declaration is a profound confession of faith. The title "Son of God" is significant in both Jewish and Christian theology, indicating a unique relationship with God the Father. This acknowledgment by the disciples connects to earlier scriptural prophecies about the Messiah, such as Psalm 2:7, which speaks of the anointed one as God's Son. It also foreshadows Peter's later confession in Matthew 16:16 and aligns with the purpose of John's Gospel, which is to show that Jesus is the Christ, the Son of God (John 20:31). This moment is pivotal as it reflects the growing understanding and belief among the disciples regarding Jesus' true nature and mission.

When they had crossed over
This phrase refers to Jesus and His disciples crossing the Sea of Galilee. The crossing follows the miraculous feeding of the five thousand and Jesus walking on water. The Sea of Galilee, also known as Lake Tiberias or Lake Kinneret, is a significant location in Jesus' ministry, serving as a backdrop for many of His miracles and teachings. The crossing signifies a transition in Jesus' ministry, moving from one area of teaching and miracles to another, emphasizing His itinerant ministry.

they landed at Gennesaret
Gennesaret is a fertile plain located on the northwest shore of the Sea of Galilee. Known for its rich soil and abundant agriculture, it was a prosperous area during Jesus' time. The landing at Gennesaret marks a continuation of Jesus' healing ministry, as the following verses describe the people of the region bringing their sick to Him. This location is significant as it demonstrates Jesus' widespread influence and the eagerness of the people to seek Him out for healing. The mention of Gennesaret also highlights the geographical reality of Jesus' ministry, grounding the Gospel accounts in real, identifiable locations.

And when the men of that place recognized Jesus
The phrase indicates a moment of recognition and acknowledgment of Jesus' identity and reputation. This recognition suggests that Jesus' ministry and miracles had become widely known, even in regions He had not frequently visited. The men of the place likely heard of His teachings and miraculous healings, which were spreading throughout the land. This recognition also reflects the fulfillment of prophecies about the Messiah being known and sought after by the people of Israel (Isaiah 53:3).

they sent word to all the surrounding region
This action demonstrates the urgency and importance the people placed on Jesus' presence. The spreading of the word throughout the region shows the communal nature of society at the time, where news was shared orally and quickly among villages. It also highlights the people's faith and hope in Jesus' ability to heal and perform miracles, prompting them to gather as many as possible to benefit from His presence. This mirrors the early church's mission to spread the gospel to all nations (Matthew 28:19).

People brought all the sick to Him
This phrase underscores the compassion and desperation of the people seeking healing. It reflects the cultural and historical context where medical knowledge was limited, and people often relied on spiritual or miraculous intervention for healing. The act of bringing the sick to Jesus signifies faith in His power and authority over illness, aligning with the biblical theme of Jesus as the Great Physician (Mark 2:17). It also foreshadows the ultimate healing and restoration Jesus offers through His death and resurrection, providing spiritual healing and eternal life to all who believe in Him.

and begged Him
This phrase indicates the desperation and faith of the people seeking Jesus. In the cultural context of the time, begging was a sign of humility and recognition of one's need. The people recognized Jesus as a healer and miracle worker, which is consistent with His growing reputation throughout the region. This act of begging also reflects the acknowledgment of Jesus' authority and power, similar to the faith of the centurion in Matthew 8:5-13.

just to let them touch
Touching was a significant act in Jewish culture, often associated with the transfer of power or blessing. In the Old Testament, touching the Ark of the Covenant or the altar was considered sacred. Here, the act of touching Jesus' garment signifies faith in His divine power. This mirrors the faith of the woman with the issue of blood in Matthew 9:20-22, who believed that touching Jesus' cloak would heal her.

the fringe of His cloak.
The fringe, or tassel, of a cloak was part of the traditional Jewish garment, known as the "tzitzit," commanded in Numbers 15:38-39 as a reminder of God's commandments. By seeking to touch the fringe, the people were not only reaching out for physical healing but also symbolically connecting with the divine law and promises of God. This act underscores Jesus' role as the fulfillment of the Law and the Prophets.

And all who touched Him were healed.
This statement emphasizes the completeness and universality of Jesus' healing power. It reflects the messianic prophecy in Isaiah 53:5, which speaks of healing through the Messiah's suffering. The phrase also highlights the theme of faith leading to healing, a recurring motif in the Gospels. The healing of all who touched Him demonstrates Jesus' compassion and the accessibility of His power to those who believe, regardless of their status or background.