Hadad is a biblical figure mentioned in the genealogies and historical accounts of the kings of Edom. He is noted as the successor to Baal-Hanan, another king of Edom, and is part of the lineage that ruled the region before the establishment of Israelite monarchy. The account of Hadad is primarily found in the Old Testament, specifically in the book of Genesis and 1 Chronicles.

Biblical References:

1. Genesis 36:31-39 : The passage in Genesis provides a list of the kings who reigned in Edom before any king reigned over the Israelites. Hadad is mentioned as one of these kings: "These are the kings who reigned in the land of Edom before any king reigned over the Israelites: ... When Baal-Hanan son of Achbor died, Hadad reigned in his place. His city was named Pau, and his wife was Mehetabel daughter of Matred, the daughter of Me-zahab."

2. 1 Chronicles 1:43-50 : This passage mirrors the account in Genesis, listing the kings of Edom and confirming Hadad's place in the succession: "These were the kings who reigned in the land of Edom before any king reigned over the Israelites: ... When Baal-Hanan died, Hadad reigned in his place. His city was named Pai, and his wife was Mehetabel daughter of Matred, the daughter of Me-zahab."

Historical and Cultural Context:

Edom, located to the southeast of Israel, was a significant kingdom during the biblical era. The Edomites were descendants of Esau, the brother of Jacob, and thus shared a common ancestry with the Israelites. The political structure of Edom, as indicated by the list of kings, suggests a well-established monarchy that predated the Israelite kingship.

Hadad's reign, like those of his predecessors and successors, reflects the independent and often contentious relationship between Edom and Israel. The Edomite kings are noted for their distinct governance and cultural identity, which sometimes led to conflicts with the Israelites, as seen in various biblical narratives.

Name and Significance:

The name "Hadad" is of particular interest, as it is associated with a storm and fertility god worshiped in the ancient Near East, particularly in Syria and Mesopotamia. This connection suggests that the name Hadad may have carried religious or cultural significance, possibly indicating the influence of surrounding cultures on Edom.

Marriage and Family:

Hadad's wife, Mehetabel, is mentioned in the genealogical records, providing insight into the familial and dynastic connections of Edomite royalty. Her lineage, traced through Matred and Me-zahab, highlights the importance of family ties and alliances in maintaining the stability and continuity of the Edomite monarchy.

Conclusion:

While the biblical account of Hadad is brief, it situates him within the broader narrative of Edomite kingship and its interactions with Israel. His reign is a testament to the complex and multifaceted history of the region, reflecting both the distinct identity of Edom and its connections to the surrounding nations.1 Chronicles 1:50
And when Baalhanan was dead, Hadad reigned in his stead: and the name of his city was Pai; and his wife's name was Mehetabel, the daughter of Matred, the daughter of Mezahab.
Nave's Topical Index

Chapter xxxvi
... 7. Baal-Hanan"son of Achbor. ... king, he continued to use the royal city of his predecessor
until his successor in turn ... "Hadar" (v.39) is called "Hadad" in 1 ...
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