Topical Bible: Kedesh: Also Called Kedesh-Naphtali: Captured by Tiglath-Pileser

◄ Kedesh: Also Called Kedesh-Naphtali: Captured by Tiglath-Pileser ►

Topical Encyclopedia

Geographical and Historical Context:

Kedesh, often referred to as Kedesh-Naphtali, is a significant city located in the territory allotted to the tribe of Naphtali in the northern region of ancient Israel. The name "Kedesh" means "holy" or "sacred," indicating its possible role as a religious or sanctuary city. It is situated in the Upper Galilee, near the modern-day border of Israel and Lebanon.

Biblical Significance:

Kedesh holds a prominent place in biblical history and is mentioned multiple times throughout the Scriptures. It is one of the six cities of refuge designated by Moses, as recorded in the Book of Joshua. These cities were established to provide asylum for individuals who had committed unintentional manslaughter, allowing them to escape the avenger of blood until a fair trial could be conducted.

Joshua 20:7 : "So they set apart Kedesh in Galilee in the hill country of Naphtali, Shechem in the hill country of Ephraim, and Kiriath-arba (that is, Hebron) in the hill country of Judah."

Judges 4:6 : "She summoned Barak son of Abinoam from Kedesh in Naphtali and said to him, 'Has not the LORD, the God of Israel, commanded you: Go, deploy the troops at Mount Tabor, and take with you ten thousand men from Naphtali and Zebulun?'"

Kedesh is also notable as the home of Barak, the military leader who, alongside the prophetess Deborah, led Israel to victory against the Canaanite army commanded by Sisera. This event is a pivotal moment in the Book of Judges, highlighting the faith and courage of Israel's leaders during a time of oppression.

Captured by Tiglath-Pileser:

The city of Kedesh later fell into the hands of the Assyrian Empire during the reign of King Pekah of Israel. The Assyrian king Tiglath-Pileser III launched a campaign against the northern kingdom, capturing several cities, including Kedesh. This event marked a significant turning point in the history of Israel, as it led to the eventual downfall and exile of the northern tribes.

2 Kings 15:29 : "In the days of Pekah king of Israel, Tiglath-Pileser king of Assyria came and captured Ijon, Abel-beth-maacah, Janoah, Kedesh, Hazor, Gilead, and Galilee—all the land of Naphtali—and he took the people to Assyria."

The capture of Kedesh by Tiglath-Pileser III is a testament to the geopolitical shifts occurring in the ancient Near East during this period. It underscores the vulnerability of the northern kingdom due to its disobedience to God and reliance on foreign alliances rather than divine protection.

Archaeological Insights:

Archaeological excavations at the site identified as Tel Kedesh have revealed significant findings that align with its biblical narrative. The remains of fortifications, public buildings, and artifacts suggest a city of considerable importance during the Iron Age. These discoveries provide a tangible connection to the biblical accounts and enhance our understanding of the historical context of Kedesh.

Conclusion:

Kedesh, as a city of refuge and a site of military and historical significance, plays a crucial role in the biblical narrative. Its capture by Tiglath-Pileser III serves as a reminder of the consequences of Israel's disobedience and the shifting powers in the ancient world. The legacy of Kedesh continues to be a subject of interest for both biblical scholars and archaeologists, offering insights into the complex history of the region.

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2 Kings 15:29
In the days of Pekah king of Israel came Tiglathpileser king of Assyria, and took Ijon, and Abelbethmaachah, and Janoah, and Kedesh, and Hazor, and Gilead, and Galilee, all the land of Naphtali, and carried them captive to Assyria.
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