Topical Bible: Shewbread (Showbread): Consecration of

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Topical Encyclopedia

The term "shewbread" or "showbread" refers to the twelve loaves of bread that were continually placed on a special table in the Holy Place of the Tabernacle, and later in the Temple, as an offering to God. This practice is rooted in the instructions given by God to Moses and is detailed in the Old Testament, particularly in the book of Exodus and Leviticus.

Biblical Instructions and Symbolism

The consecration of the shewbread is first mentioned in Exodus 25:30, where God commands, "And place the Bread of the Presence on the table before Me at all times." This bread, also known as the "Bread of the Presence," symbolizes God's perpetual covenant with Israel and His provision for the twelve tribes, represented by the twelve loaves.

The preparation and presentation of the shewbread are further elaborated in Leviticus 24:5-9. The passage specifies that the bread must be made from fine flour, baked into twelve loaves, and arranged in two rows of six on a pure gold table. Frankincense was placed on each row as a memorial portion, to be burned as an offering to the Lord. The bread was to be replaced every Sabbath, and the old loaves were consumed by the priests in a holy place, signifying their participation in the sustenance provided by God.

Ritual and Priestly Role

The consecration of the shewbread was a sacred duty performed by the priests, emphasizing the holiness and sanctity of the offering. The bread's continual presence before the Lord served as a reminder of God's eternal covenant and His constant provision for His people. The priests, as mediators between God and Israel, were entrusted with this task, highlighting their role in maintaining the spiritual and ritual purity of the nation.

Theological Significance

Theologically, the shewbread underscores the theme of divine provision and presence. It is a tangible representation of God's sustenance, not only in a physical sense but also spiritually, as it points to the deeper reality of God's abiding presence with His people. The shewbread also prefigures the New Testament understanding of Jesus Christ as the "bread of life" (John 6:35), who provides eternal sustenance and fulfillment to all who believe in Him.

New Testament Reference

In the New Testament, the shewbread is referenced in the context of Jesus' teaching and actions. In Matthew 12:3-4, Jesus refers to the incident where David ate the consecrated bread when he and his companions were hungry, highlighting the principle that mercy and human need can transcend ritual law. This reference underscores the continuity and fulfillment of Old Testament practices in the person and work of Christ.

Conclusion

The consecration of the shewbread is a profound element of Old Testament worship, rich with symbolism and theological depth. It serves as a perpetual reminder of God's covenant, provision, and presence with His people, and finds its ultimate fulfillment in the person of Jesus Christ, who embodies the true "bread of life" for all believers.