The term "shewbread," also known as "showbread" or "bread of the Presence," refers to the twelve loaves of unleavened bread that were placed on a special table in the Holy Place of the Tabernacle and later in the Temple. This bread was a perpetual offering before the Lord, symbolizing God's provision and the covenant relationship between Him and the twelve tribes of Israel.

Biblical Instructions and Symbolism

The instructions for the shewbread are detailed in the Old Testament, particularly in the book of Leviticus. According to Leviticus 24:5-9 , the Israelites were commanded to bake twelve loaves using fine flour, which were then arranged in two rows of six on the pure gold table before the Lord. Each Sabbath, the loaves were replaced with fresh ones, and the old loaves were consumed by Aaron and his sons in a holy place, as they were considered most holy.

The placement of pure frankincense on the shewbread is a significant aspect of this offering. Leviticus 24:7 states, "And you are to place pure frankincense near each row, so that it may serve as a memorial portion for the bread, an offering made by fire to the LORD." The frankincense, a costly and fragrant resin, was used as a memorial portion, symbolizing the prayers and worship of the people ascending to God. It served as a reminder of the covenant and the continual presence of God among His people.

Theological Significance

The shewbread, along with the frankincense, holds deep theological significance. It represents the sustenance and provision of God, who provides for the physical and spiritual needs of His people. The bread's presence in the Holy Place signifies the intimate fellowship between God and Israel, as well as the nation's dependence on Him.

In the New Testament, the concept of the shewbread finds fulfillment in Jesus Christ, who declared Himself to be the "bread of life" (John 6:35). Just as the shewbread was a continual offering before the Lord, Jesus offers Himself as the eternal sustenance for believers, providing spiritual nourishment and eternal life.

Priestly Duties and Rituals

The priests, specifically the descendants of Aaron, were responsible for the preparation and arrangement of the shewbread. This duty was part of their sacred service in the Tabernacle and later in the Temple. The consumption of the old loaves by the priests underscored the holiness of the offering and the sanctity of their priestly role.

The use of pure frankincense in conjunction with the shewbread highlights the importance of purity and holiness in worship. The fragrant aroma of the frankincense, when burned, symbolized the pleasing nature of sincere worship and devotion to God.

Cultural and Historical Context

In the ancient Near Eastern context, bread was a staple food, essential for survival. The shewbread, therefore, was not only a religious symbol but also a cultural one, representing life and sustenance. The use of frankincense, a valuable commodity, further emphasized the importance and sacredness of the offering.

The practice of placing shewbread before the Lord continued throughout the history of Israel, from the time of the Tabernacle in the wilderness to the First and Second Temples in Jerusalem. This continuity underscores the enduring nature of God's covenant with His people and His unwavering provision for them.Leviticus 24:7
And you shall put pure frankincense on each row, that it may be on the bread for a memorial, even an offering made by fire to the LORD.
Torrey's Topical Textbook

What was the bread of the Presence (Exodus 25:30)? | GotQuestions.org

Shewbread: Dictionary and Thesaurus | Clyx.com

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