In the post-exilic period of Israel's history, the roles of priests and Levites were crucial in re-establishing religious practices and maintaining the spiritual life of the community. Joiakim, the son of Jeshua, served as the high priest during this time, a period marked by the return of the Jewish exiles from Babylon and the rebuilding of the Temple in Jerusalem.

Priests:

The priests were descendants of Aaron, the brother of Moses, and were responsible for performing sacrifices, maintaining the sanctity of the Temple, and instructing the people in the Law. In the days of Joiakim, the priesthood was re-established to ensure the proper worship of Yahweh according to the Mosaic Law. Nehemiah 12:10-11 provides a genealogical record of the high priests, stating, "Jeshua was the father of Joiakim, Joiakim was the father of Eliashib, Eliashib was the father of Joiada."

The priests played a vital role in the spiritual renewal of the nation, as they were tasked with teaching the Law and leading the people in worship. They were also responsible for the daily offerings and the observance of the feasts, which were central to the religious life of Israel.

Levites:

The Levites, from the tribe of Levi, were set apart for service in the Temple. They assisted the priests in their duties and were responsible for various aspects of Temple worship, including music, gatekeeping, and the maintenance of the sacred vessels. Nehemiah 12:8-9 mentions some of the Levites who served during this period: "Moreover, the Levites: Jeshua, Binnui, Kadmiel, Sherebiah, Judah, and Mattaniah, who, together with his associates, was in charge of the songs of thanksgiving."

The Levites were also tasked with teaching the Law to the people, as seen in Nehemiah 8:7-8, where they helped Ezra the scribe to explain the Law to the assembly. This teaching role was essential in ensuring that the people understood and adhered to the covenantal requirements.

Organization and Duties:

The organization of the priests and Levites during Joiakim's time was meticulous, reflecting the importance of order in worship. Nehemiah 12:12-21 lists the heads of the priestly families, indicating a structured hierarchy that facilitated the smooth operation of Temple services. The Levites were similarly organized, with specific families assigned to particular tasks.

The duties of the priests and Levites were not only religious but also communal. They were involved in the administration of justice and the collection of tithes and offerings, which supported the Temple and its services. Nehemiah 12:44-47 describes the appointment of men to oversee the storerooms for contributions, firstfruits, and tithes, ensuring that the needs of the priests and Levites were met.

Challenges and Reforms:

The period of Joiakim was not without its challenges. The community faced external opposition and internal issues, such as intermarriage with foreign nations, which threatened the purity of worship. Nehemiah and Ezra led reforms to address these issues, emphasizing the importance of separation from foreign influences and adherence to the Law.

The priests and Levites were central to these reforms, as they were the guardians of the covenant and the leaders of the community's spiritual life. Their faithfulness in teaching and worship was crucial in guiding the people back to a right relationship with God.

In summary, the priests and Levites in the days of Joiakim were instrumental in re-establishing the religious practices of Israel after the exile. Their roles were vital in maintaining the spiritual integrity of the nation and ensuring that the worship of Yahweh was conducted according to the divine ordinances given through Moses.