The consecration of priests in the Old Testament is a significant event that underscores the sanctity and divine appointment of those chosen to serve in the priestly office. The anointing with oil is a central element of this consecration, symbolizing the Holy Spirit's empowerment and the setting apart of the individual for sacred duties.

Biblical Foundation

The primary scriptural account of the consecration of priests is found in the Book of Exodus and the Book of Leviticus. In Exodus 28 and 29, God provides Moses with detailed instructions for the consecration of Aaron and his sons as priests. Leviticus 8 records the actual ceremony as carried out by Moses.

Anointing with Oil

The anointing with oil is a critical component of the consecration ceremony. In Exodus 29:7, God commands, "Take the anointing oil and anoint him by pouring it on his head." This act of anointing signifies the priest's sanctification and the divine authority bestowed upon him. The oil used in the anointing is a special blend, as described in Exodus 30:22-25, made from fine spices and olive oil, known as the holy anointing oil.

Ceremonial Process

The consecration ceremony is a multi-step process that includes several key elements:

1. Washing: The priests are first washed with water at the entrance to the Tent of Meeting (Exodus 29:4; Leviticus 8:6). This act symbolizes purification and the need for holiness in approaching God.

2. Clothing: The priests are then dressed in their sacred garments, which include the tunic, robe, ephod, breastpiece, and turban (Exodus 29:5-6; Leviticus 8:7-9). Each garment holds symbolic significance, representing various aspects of the priestly role and the glory and beauty of their service.

3. Anointing: Following the clothing, the anointing with oil takes place. As mentioned, this act sets the priests apart for their holy duties and signifies the presence and power of the Holy Spirit in their ministry.

4. Sacrifices: The ceremony includes the offering of sacrifices, such as a bull for a sin offering and two rams, one for a burnt offering and the other for a fellowship offering (Exodus 29:10-28; Leviticus 8:14-29). These sacrifices atone for sin and symbolize the priests' dedication to God.

5. Blood Application: The blood of the sacrifice is applied to the right ear, thumb, and big toe of the priests (Exodus 29:20; Leviticus 8:23-24). This act signifies the consecration of their hearing, work, and walk to the service of God.

6. Wave Offering: Portions of the sacrifice, along with unleavened bread, are waved before the Lord as a wave offering (Exodus 29:24; Leviticus 8:27). This act symbolizes the offering of the priests' service to God.

Significance

The anointing and consecration of priests highlight the holiness required of those who minister before God. The use of oil as a symbol of the Holy Spirit's presence underscores the divine empowerment necessary for the priestly office. This ceremony not only sets the priests apart for their sacred duties but also serves as a foreshadowing of the ultimate High Priest, Jesus Christ, who is anointed by the Holy Spirit to intercede on behalf of humanity.

The consecration of priests, as detailed in the Old Testament, remains a profound testament to the importance of holiness, dedication, and divine calling in the service of God.Exodus 30:30
And you shall anoint Aaron and his sons, and consecrate them, that they may minister to me in the priest's office.
Torrey's Topical Textbook

Exodus 40:13
And you shall put on Aaron the holy garments, and anoint him, and sanctify him; that he may minister to me in the priest's office.
Torrey's Topical Textbook

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The Puritan Innovations
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/.../studies in the book of common prayer/chapter ii the puritan innovations.htm

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/.../studies in the book of common prayer/chapter iv the caroline settlement.htm

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/.../barrows/companion to the bible/chapter xxxvii scriptural types.htm

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