Topical Bible: Idolatry: Idols Mentioned in Scripture: Tammuz

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Topical Encyclopedia

Tammuz is a deity mentioned in the context of idolatrous practices in the Bible, specifically in the book of Ezekiel. The worship of Tammuz is associated with ancient Near Eastern fertility cults, and his veneration is indicative of the syncretism and apostasy that plagued Israel at various times in its history.

Biblical Reference:

The primary biblical reference to Tammuz is found in Ezekiel 8:14: "Then He brought me to the entrance of the north gate of the house of the LORD, and I saw women sitting there, weeping for Tammuz." . This passage is part of a vision given to the prophet Ezekiel, where he is shown various abominations being committed in Jerusalem, particularly within the temple precincts. The weeping for Tammuz is depicted as one of these abominations, highlighting the extent to which idolatrous practices had infiltrated the worship of Yahweh.

Historical and Cultural Context:

Tammuz, also known as Dumuzi in Sumerian mythology, was a Mesopotamian god associated with fertility, agriculture, and the cycle of life and death. His myth involves a seasonal cycle of death and rebirth, symbolizing the agricultural cycle. The mourning for Tammuz was part of a ritual lamentation, reflecting the belief in his death and subsequent descent into the underworld, which was thought to bring about the barrenness of winter. His eventual return was celebrated as a time of renewal and fertility.

The adoption of Tammuz worship by the Israelites, as seen in Ezekiel's vision, represents a significant departure from the exclusive worship of Yahweh. This syncretism was a recurring issue for Israel, as they were often tempted to incorporate the religious practices of surrounding nations, contrary to the commandments given to them.

Theological Implications:

The presence of Tammuz worship in Israel underscores the persistent struggle against idolatry that is a central theme throughout the Old Testament. The first and second commandments explicitly prohibit the worship of other gods and the making of idols (Exodus 20:3-4). The weeping for Tammuz, therefore, is not merely a cultural or religious practice but a direct violation of the covenant relationship between God and His people.

The prophetic literature, including the book of Ezekiel, often addresses the issue of idolatry as a form of spiritual adultery. The worship of Tammuz and other deities is portrayed as a betrayal of the exclusive devotion owed to Yahweh. This idolatry leads to divine judgment, as God calls His people to repentance and a return to faithfulness.

Contemporary Relevance:

While the specific worship of Tammuz may not be prevalent today, the underlying issue of idolatry remains relevant. Idolatry, in its broader sense, involves placing anything or anyone above God in one's life. The biblical warnings against idolatry serve as a reminder to maintain a pure and undivided devotion to God, resisting the allure of modern-day idols that can take the form of materialism, power, or other pursuits that detract from one's relationship with the Creator.

Torrey's Topical Textbook

Ezekiel 8:14
Then he brought me to the door of the gate of the LORD's house which was toward the north; and, behold, there sat women weeping for Tammuz.
Torrey's Topical Textbook

Library

The Sixth vision "On Earth"
... 6; xvi.2; xx.7, 8). Doubtless the idols and idolatry ... head, and shown the source and
origin of all idolatry. ... The woman and the Beast are first mentioned in brief ...
/.../bullinger/commentary on revelation/the sixth vision on earth.htm