Reviling and reproaching are actions that involve speaking abusively or contemptuously to or about others. In the biblical context, these behaviors are consistently condemned and forbidden, as they are contrary to the character and teachings of God. The Bible provides clear guidance on the importance of maintaining speech that is edifying and respectful, reflecting the love and holiness of God.

Old Testament Insights

The Old Testament lays a foundation for understanding the prohibition against reviling and reproaching. In Leviticus 19:16, the Israelites are commanded, "You must not go about spreading slander among your people. You must not endanger the life of your neighbor. I am the LORD." This command underscores the importance of guarding one's speech to prevent harm and maintain community harmony.

The wisdom literature, particularly the Book of Proverbs, frequently addresses the power of words and the dangers of reviling. Proverbs 10:18 states, "He who conceals hatred has lying lips, and whoever spreads slander is a fool." This verse highlights the foolishness and destructiveness of slanderous speech, which is often rooted in hidden malice.

New Testament Teachings

The New Testament continues to emphasize the prohibition against reviling and reproaching, urging believers to adopt speech that reflects their new life in Christ. In the Sermon on the Mount, Jesus teaches, "But I tell you that anyone who is angry with his brother will be subject to judgment. Again, anyone who says to his brother, ‘Raca,’ will be subject to the Sanhedrin. But anyone who says, ‘You fool!’ will be subject to the fire of hell" (Matthew 5:22). Here, Jesus equates contemptuous speech with serious moral failure, highlighting the gravity of such behavior.

The Apostle Paul, in his letters, frequently admonishes believers to avoid reviling. In Ephesians 4:29, he writes, "Let no unwholesome talk come out of your mouths, but only what is helpful for building up the one in need and bringing grace to those who listen." Paul emphasizes the transformative power of speech that is constructive and grace-filled, contrasting it with the destructive nature of reviling.

In 1 Corinthians 6:10, Paul includes revilers among those who "will not inherit the kingdom of God," indicating the severity of this sin. Similarly, in Titus 3:2, believers are instructed "to slander no one, to be peaceable and gentle, showing true humility to all men." This instruction reflects the call to live in a manner worthy of the gospel, characterized by humility and peace.

The Example of Christ

Jesus Christ serves as the ultimate example of refraining from reviling and reproaching. In 1 Peter 2:23, it is written, "When they heaped abuse on Him, He did not retaliate; when He suffered, He made no threats, but entrusted Himself to Him who judges justly." Christ's response to reviling was one of patience and trust in God's justice, setting a standard for believers to emulate.

Practical Application

Believers are called to be mindful of their speech, recognizing the power of words to build up or tear down. James 1:26 warns, "If anyone considers himself religious and yet does not bridle his tongue, he deceives his heart and his religion is worthless." This admonition serves as a reminder of the integral role that speech plays in the life of faith.

In summary, the biblical mandate against reviling and reproaching is clear and consistent throughout Scripture. Believers are encouraged to cultivate speech that reflects the love, grace, and holiness of God, avoiding words that harm and dishonor others.1 Peter 3:9
Not rendering evil for evil, or railing for railing: but contrariwise blessing; knowing that you are thereunto called, that you should inherit a blessing.
Torrey's Topical Textbook

Psalm LXIX.
... Why have "the reproaches of men reproaching Thee fallen upon Me"? ... "Against Me were
reviling they that ... him they begin to sing, by whom they are forbidden to sing ...
/.../augustine/exposition on the book of psalms/psalm lxix.htm

Upon Our Lord's SermonOn the Mount
... blame, if his Lord had totally forbidden it:) "Men ... sake; when they persecute you
by reviling you, and ... who are continually cursing and reproaching you when you ...
/.../wesley/sermons on several occasions/sermon 23 upon our lords.htm

John xx. 10, 11
... He named her name only, [2541] reproaching and blaming ... if he be tired out by their
reviling him and ... with ten thousand reproaches, and though forbidden to judge ...
/.../homilies on the gospel of st john and hebrews/homily lxxxvi john xx 10.htm

What is a reviler in the Bible? | GotQuestions.org

Why did Jesus say “Father, forgive them” on the cross? | GotQuestions.org

Reviling: Dictionary and Thesaurus | Clyx.com

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