1 Samuel 2:18
New International Version
But Samuel was ministering before the LORD—a boy wearing a linen ephod.

New Living Translation
But Samuel, though he was only a boy, served the LORD. He wore a linen garment like that of a priest.

English Standard Version
Samuel was ministering before the LORD, a boy clothed with a linen ephod.

Berean Standard Bible
Now Samuel was ministering before the LORD—a boy wearing a linen ephod.

King James Bible
But Samuel ministered before the LORD, being a child, girded with a linen ephod.

New King James Version
But Samuel ministered before the LORD, even as a child, wearing a linen ephod.

New American Standard Bible
Now Samuel was ministering before the LORD, as a boy wearing a linen ephod.

NASB 1995
Now Samuel was ministering before the LORD, as a boy wearing a linen ephod.

NASB 1977
Now Samuel was ministering before the LORD, as a boy wearing a linen ephod.

Legacy Standard Bible
Now Samuel was ministering before Yahweh, as a young boy girded with a linen ephod.

Amplified Bible
Now Samuel was ministering before the LORD, as a child dressed in a linen ephod [a sacred item of priestly clothing].

Christian Standard Bible
Samuel served in the LORD’s presence —this mere boy was dressed in the linen ephod.

Holman Christian Standard Bible
The boy Samuel served in the LORD’s presence and wore a linen ephod.

American Standard Version
But Samuel ministered before Jehovah, being a child, girded with a linen ephod.

Contemporary English Version
The boy Samuel served the LORD and wore a special linen garment

English Revised Version
But Samuel ministered before the LORD, being a child, girded with a linen ephod.

GOD'S WORD® Translation
Meanwhile, Samuel continued to serve in front of the LORD. As a boy he was [already] wearing a linen ephod.

Good News Translation
In the meantime the boy Samuel continued to serve the LORD, wearing a sacred linen apron.

International Standard Version
Now Samuel was ministering in the LORD's presence, as a boy wearing a linen ephod.

Majority Standard Bible
Now Samuel was ministering before the LORD—a boy wearing a linen ephod.

NET Bible
Now Samuel was ministering before the LORD. The boy was dressed in a linen ephod.

New Heart English Bible
But Samuel ministered before the LORD, being a child, clothed with a linen ephod.

Webster's Bible Translation
But Samuel ministered before the LORD, being a child, girded with a linen ephod.

World English Bible
But Samuel ministered before Yahweh, being a child, clothed with a linen ephod.
Literal Translations
Literal Standard Version
And Samuel is ministering [in] the presence of YHWH, a youth girt [with] an ephod of linen;

Young's Literal Translation
And Samuel is ministering in the presence of Jehovah, a youth girt with an ephod of linen;

Smith's Literal Translation
And Samuel serving before Jehovah, a boy girded with an ephod of linen.
Catholic Translations
Douay-Rheims Bible
But Samuel ministered before the face of the Lord: being a child girded with a linen ephod.

Catholic Public Domain Version
But Samuel was ministering before the face of the Lord; he was a youth girded with a linen ephod.

New American Bible
Meanwhile the boy Samuel, wearing a linen ephod, was serving in the presence of the LORD.

New Revised Standard Version
Samuel was ministering before the LORD, a boy wearing a linen ephod.
Translations from Aramaic
Lamsa Bible
But the boy Samuel ministered before the LORD, and he wore a linen ephod.

Peshitta Holy Bible Translated
And Samuel the boy was ministering before LORD JEHOVAH and was wearing an ephod of fine white linen
OT Translations
JPS Tanakh 1917
But Samuel ministered before the LORD, being a child, girded with a linen ephod.

Brenton Septuagint Translation
And Samuel ministered before the Lord, a child girt with a linen ephod.

Additional Translations ...
Audio Bible



Context
Eli's Wicked Sons
17Thus the sin of these young men was severe in the sight of the LORD, for they were treating the LORD’s offering with contempt. 18Now Samuel was ministering before the LORD— a boy wearing a linen ephod. 19Each year his mother would make him a little robe and bring it to him when she went with her husband to offer the annual sacrifice.…

Cross References
Luke 2:41-52
Every year His parents went to Jerusalem for the Feast of the Passover. / And when He was twelve years old, they went up according to the custom of the Feast. / When those days were over and they were returning home, the boy Jesus remained behind in Jerusalem, but His parents were unaware He had stayed. ...

Exodus 28:1-3
“Next, have your brother Aaron brought to you from among the Israelites, along with his sons Nadab, Abihu, Eleazar, and Ithamar, to serve Me as priests. / Make holy garments for your brother Aaron, to give him glory and splendor. / You are to instruct all the skilled craftsmen, whom I have filled with a spirit of wisdom, to make garments for Aaron’s consecration, so that he may serve Me as priest.

Numbers 3:5-10
Then the LORD said to Moses, / “Bring the tribe of Levi and present them to Aaron the priest to assist him. / They are to perform duties for him and for the whole congregation before the Tent of Meeting, attending to the service of the tabernacle. ...

Hebrews 5:1-4
Every high priest is appointed from among men to represent them in matters relating to God, to offer gifts and sacrifices for sins. / He is able to deal gently with those who are ignorant and misguided, since he himself is subject to weakness. / That is why he is obligated to offer sacrifices for his own sins, as well as for the sins of the people. ...

1 Samuel 3:1
And the boy Samuel ministered to the LORD before Eli. Now in those days the word of the LORD was rare, and visions were scarce.

1 Chronicles 23:13
The sons of Amram: Aaron and Moses. Aaron and his descendants were set apart forever to consecrate the most holy things, to burn incense before the LORD, to minister before Him, and to pronounce blessings in His name forever.

Hebrews 7:23-28
Now there have been many other priests, since death prevented them from continuing in office. / But because Jesus lives forever, He has a permanent priesthood. / Therefore He is able to save completely those who draw near to God through Him, since He always lives to intercede for them. ...

Exodus 29:1-9
“Now this is what you are to do to consecrate Aaron and his sons to serve Me as priests: Take a young bull and two rams without blemish, / along with unleavened bread, unleavened cakes mixed with oil, and unleavened wafers anointed with oil. Make them out of fine wheat flour, / put them in a basket, and present them in the basket, along with the bull and the two rams. ...

1 Kings 2:26-27
Then the king said to Abiathar the priest, “Go back to your fields in Anathoth. Even though you deserve to die, I will not put you to death at this time, since you carried the ark of the Lord GOD before my father David, and you suffered through all that my father suffered.” / So Solomon banished Abiathar from the priesthood of the LORD and thus fulfilled the word that the LORD had spoken at Shiloh against the house of Eli.

2 Chronicles 29:11
Now, my sons, do not be negligent, for the LORD has chosen you to stand before Him, to serve Him, to minister before Him, and to burn incense.”

Hebrews 9:6-7
When everything had been prepared in this way, the priests entered regularly into the first room to perform their sacred duties. / But only the high priest entered the second room, and then only once a year, and never without blood, which he offered for himself and for the sins the people had committed in ignorance.

Leviticus 8:30
Next, Moses took some of the anointing oil and some of the blood that was on the altar and sprinkled them on Aaron and his garments, and on his sons and their garments. So he consecrated Aaron and his garments, as well as Aaron’s sons and their garments.

1 Peter 2:5
you also, like living stones, are being built into a spiritual house to be a holy priesthood, offering spiritual sacrifices acceptable to God through Jesus Christ.

Numbers 8:24-26
“This applies to the Levites: Men twenty-five years of age or older shall enter to perform the service in the work at the Tent of Meeting. / But at the age of fifty, they must retire from performing the work and no longer serve. / After that, they may assist their brothers in fulfilling their duties at the Tent of Meeting, but they themselves are not to do the work. This is how you are to assign responsibilities to the Levites.”

1 Chronicles 6:49
But Aaron and his sons did all the work of the Most Holy Place. They presented the offerings on the altar of burnt offering and on the altar of incense to make atonement for Israel, according to all that Moses the servant of God had commanded.


Treasury of Scripture

But Samuel ministered before the LORD, being a child, girded with a linen ephod.

ministered

1 Samuel 2:11
And Elkanah went to Ramah to his house. And the child did minister unto the LORD before Eli the priest.

1 Samuel 3:1
And the child Samuel ministered unto the LORD before Eli. And the word of the LORD was precious in those days; there was no open vision.

a line ephod

1 Samuel 22:18
And the king said to Doeg, Turn thou, and fall upon the priests. And Doeg the Edomite turned, and he fell upon the priests, and slew on that day fourscore and five persons that did wear a linen ephod.

Exodus 28:4
And these are the garments which they shall make; a breastplate, and an ephod, and a robe, and a broidered coat, a mitre, and a girdle: and they shall make holy garments for Aaron thy brother, and his sons, that he may minister unto me in the priest's office.

Leviticus 8:7
And he put upon him the coat, and girded him with the girdle, and clothed him with the robe, and put the ephod upon him, and he girded him with the curious girdle of the ephod, and bound it unto him therewith.

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1 Samuel 2
1. Hannah's song in thankfulness
12. The sin of Eli's sons
18. Samuel's ministry
20. by Eli's blessing Hannah is more fruitful
22. Eli reproves his sons
27. A prophecy against Eli's house














Now Samuel
The name "Samuel" in Hebrew is "שְׁמוּאֵל" (Shemuel), which means "heard by God" or "name of God." This name is significant as it reflects the divine intervention in his birth, as his mother Hannah prayed earnestly for a child. Samuel's life is a testament to God's faithfulness in answering prayers and His sovereign plan for Israel. From a young age, Samuel is set apart for God's service, indicating the importance of dedicating one's life to God from an early age.

was ministering
The Hebrew word used here is "מְשָׁרֵת" (mesharet), which means to serve or minister. This term is often used in the context of priestly or Levitical service. Samuel's role as a minister, even as a child, underscores the idea that service to God is not limited by age. It also highlights the importance of being actively involved in God's work, regardless of one's stage in life. Samuel's ministry foreshadows his future role as a prophet and judge over Israel.

before the LORD
The phrase "before the LORD" signifies serving in the presence of God, which is a position of honor and responsibility. In the Hebrew context, being "before the LORD" implies a direct relationship and accountability to God. This phrase emphasizes the sacredness of Samuel's service and the divine approval of his actions. It reminds believers of the importance of living and serving with an awareness of God's presence.

a boy
The Hebrew word "נַעַר" (na'ar) refers to a young boy or lad. This highlights Samuel's youth and innocence, yet he is already engaged in significant religious duties. His youthfulness serves as a reminder that God can use anyone, regardless of age, for His purposes. It also speaks to the potential for spiritual growth and development from a young age when one is dedicated to God.

wearing a linen ephod
The "linen ephod" is a priestly garment, typically associated with the Levitical priesthood. The Hebrew word "אֵפוֹד" (ephod) refers to a sacred vestment worn by priests. Samuel wearing an ephod signifies his special role and consecration to God's service, even though he was not from the priestly tribe of Levi. This garment symbolizes purity, service, and dedication to God. It also foreshadows Samuel's unique position as a bridge between the priestly and prophetic roles in Israel.

(18) Ministered . . . being a child.--A striking contrast is intended to be drawn here between the covetous, self-seeking ministrations of the worldly priests and the quiet service of the boy devoted by his pious mother and father to the sanctuary service.

Girded with a linen ephod.--The ephod was a priestly dress, which Samuel received in very early youth, because he had, with the high priest's formal sanction, been set apart for a life-long service before the Lord. This ephod was an official garment, and consisted of two pieces, which rested on the shoulders in front and behind, and were joined at the top, and fastened about the body with a girdle.

Verse 18. - But Samuel ministered. While the misconduct of Eli's sons was thus bringing religion into contempt, and sapping the nation's morals, Samuel was advancing in years and piety, and was gaining that education which made him fit to retrieve the evil of their doings. He is still styled na'ar, a boy; for the word, according to the Rabbins, may be used up to fifteen years (1 Samuel 1:24). In the sense of servant there is no limit of age; and as it is the word translated "young men" in ver. 17, it probably means there not Eli's sons, but the servants by whose instrumentality their orders were actually carried out. Samuel's dress, an ephod of white linen, was probably that worn by the Levites in their ordinary ministrations; for the ephod of the priests was richer both in material and colour (Exodus 28:6-8). As being thus the simplest ministerial garment, it was apparently worn also by laymen when taking part in any religious service, as by David when he danced before the ark (2 Samuel 6:14).

Parallel Commentaries ...


Hebrew
Now Samuel
וּשְׁמוּאֵ֕ל (ū·šə·mū·’êl)
Conjunctive waw | Noun - proper - masculine singular
Strong's 8050: Samuel -- 'name of God', a prophet of Israel

was ministering
מְשָׁרֵ֖ת (mə·šā·rêṯ)
Verb - Piel - Participle - masculine singular
Strong's 8334: To attend as a, menial, worshipper, to contribute to

before
פְּנֵ֣י (pə·nê)
Noun - common plural construct
Strong's 6440: The face

the LORD—
יְהוָ֑ה (Yah·weh)
Noun - proper - masculine singular
Strong's 3068: LORD -- the proper name of the God of Israel

a boy
נַ֕עַר (na·‘ar)
Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 5288: A boy, lad, youth, retainer

wearing
חָג֖וּר (ḥā·ḡūr)
Verb - Qal - QalPassParticiple - masculine singular
Strong's 2296: To gird, gird on, gird oneself

a linen
בָּֽד׃ (bāḏ)
Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 906: Flaxen thread, yarn, a linen garment

ephod.
אֵפ֥וֹד (’ê·p̄ō·wḏ)
Noun - masculine singular construct
Strong's 646: A girdle, the ephod, highpriest's shoulder-piece, an image


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OT History: 1 Samuel 2:18 But Samuel ministered before Yahweh being (1Sa iSam 1 Sam i sa)
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