1 Samuel 14:3
New International Version
among whom was Ahijah, who was wearing an ephod. He was a son of Ichabod’s brother Ahitub son of Phinehas, the son of Eli, the LORD’s priest in Shiloh. No one was aware that Jonathan had left.

New Living Translation
Among Saul’s men was Ahijah the priest, who was wearing the ephod, the priestly vest. Ahijah was the son of Ichabod’s brother Ahitub, son of Phinehas, son of Eli, the priest of the LORD who had served at Shiloh. No one realized that Jonathan had left the Israelite camp.

English Standard Version
including Ahijah the son of Ahitub, Ichabod’s brother, son of Phinehas, son of Eli, the priest of the LORD in Shiloh, wearing an ephod. And the people did not know that Jonathan had gone.

Berean Standard Bible
including Ahijah, who was wearing an ephod. He was the son of Ichabod’s brother Ahitub son of Phinehas, the son of Eli the priest of the LORD in Shiloh. But the troops did not know that Jonathan had left.

Berean Literal Bible
And Ahijah son of Ahitub, brother of Ichabod, son of Phinehas, son of Eli priest of YHWH in Shiloh, was wearing an ephod. And the people did not know that Jonathan had gone.

King James Bible
And Ahiah, the son of Ahitub, Ichabod's brother, the son of Phinehas, the son of Eli, the LORD'S priest in Shiloh, wearing an ephod. And the people knew not that Jonathan was gone.

New King James Version
Ahijah the son of Ahitub, Ichabod’s brother, the son of Phinehas, the son of Eli, the LORD’s priest in Shiloh, was wearing an ephod. But the people did not know that Jonathan had gone.

New American Standard Bible
and Ahijah, the son of Ahitub, Ichabod’s brother, the son of Phinehas, the son of Eli, the priest of the LORD at Shiloh, was wearing an ephod. And the people did not know that Jonathan had gone.

NASB 1995
and Ahijah, the son of Ahitub, Ichabod’s brother, the son of Phinehas, the son of Eli, the priest of the LORD at Shiloh, was wearing an ephod. And the people did not know that Jonathan had gone.

NASB 1977
and Ahijah, the son of Ahitub, Ichabod’s brother, the son of Phinehas, the son of Eli, the priest of the LORD at Shiloh, was wearing an ephod. And the people did not know that Jonathan had gone.

Legacy Standard Bible
and Ahijah, the son of Ahitub, Ichabod’s brother, the son of Phinehas, the son of Eli, the priest of Yahweh at Shiloh, was wearing an ephod. And the people did not know that Jonathan had gone.

Amplified Bible
and Ahijah the son of Ichabod’s brother Ahitub the son of Phinehas, the son of Eli, the LORD’S priest at Shiloh, was wearing the ephod. And the people did not know that Jonathan had gone.

Berean Annotated Bible
including Ahijah (brother of Yah), who was wearing an ephod. He was the son of Ichabod’s (no glory) brother Ahitub (my brother is goodness) son of Phinehas (mouth of brass), the son of Eli (ascension) the priest of the LORD {YHWH} in Shiloh (place of rest). But the troops did not know that Jonathan (YHWH has given) had left.

Christian Standard Bible
Ahijah, who was wearing an ephod, was also there. He was the son of Ahitub, the brother of Ichabod son of Phinehas, son of Eli the LORD’s priest at Shiloh. But the troops did not know that Jonathan had left.

Holman Christian Standard Bible
Ahijah, who was wearing an ephod, was also there. He was the son of Ahitub, the brother of Ichabod son of Phinehas, son of Eli the LORD’s priest at Shiloh. But the troops did not know that Jonathan had left.

American Standard Version
and Ahijah, the son of Ahitub, Ichabod's brother, the son of Phinehas, the son of Eli, the priest of Jehovah in Shiloh, wearing an ephod. And the people knew not that Jonathan was gone.

English Revised Version
and Ahijah, the son of Ahitub, Ichabod's brother, the son of Phinehas, the son of Eli, the priest of the LORD in Shiloh, wearing an ephod. And the people knew not that Jonathan was gone.

GOD'S WORD® Translation
in addition to Ahijah, the son of Ichabod's brother Ahitub, who was the son of Phinehas and the grandson of Eli, the LORD's priest at Shiloh. Ahijah was wearing the priestly ephod. The troops didn't know Jonathan had left.

Good News Translation
(The priest carrying the ephod was Ahijah, the son of Ichabod's brother Ahitub, who was the son of Phinehas and grandson of Eli, the priest of the LORD in Shiloh.) The men did not know that Jonathan had left.

International Standard Version
Along with him were Ahitub's son Ahijah, Ichabod's brother, who was Phineas' son and a grandson of Eli the priest of the LORD at Shiloh, who was carrying the ephod. The people did not know that Jonathan had gone.

NET Bible
Now Ahijah was carrying an ephod. He was the son of Ahitub, who was the brother of Ichabod and a son of Phineas, son of Eli, the priest of the LORD in Shiloh. The army was unaware that Jonathan had left.

New Heart English Bible
Now Ahijah was wearing an ephod. He was the son of Ahitub, the brother of Ichabod, the son of Phinehas, the son of Eli, the priest of the LORD in Shiloh. And the people did not know that Jonathan was gone.

Webster's Bible Translation
And Ahiah, the son of Ahitub, I-chabod's brother, the son of Phinehas, the son of Eli, the LORD'S priest in Shiloh, wearing an ephod. And the people knew not that Jonathan was gone.
Majority Text Translations
Majority Standard Bible
including Ahijah, who was wearing an ephod. He was the son of Ichabod’s brother Ahitub son of Phinehas, the son of Eli the priest of the LORD in Shiloh. But the troops did not know that Jonathan had left.

World English Bible
including Ahijah the son of Ahitub, Ichabod’s brother, the son of Phinehas, the son of Eli the priest of Yahweh in Shiloh, wearing an ephod. The people didn’t know that Jonathan was gone.
Literal Translations
Literal Standard Version
and Ahiah, son of Ahitub, brother of Ichabod, son of Phinehas son of Eli priest of YHWH in Shiloh, [was] bearing an ephod; and the people did not know that Jonathan has gone.

Berean Literal Bible
And Ahijah son of Ahitub, brother of Ichabod, son of Phinehas, son of Eli priest of YHWH in Shiloh, was wearing an ephod. And the people did not know that Jonathan had gone.

Young's Literal Translation
and Ahiah, son of Ahitub, brother of I-Chabod, son of Phinehas son of Eli priest of Jehovah in Shiloh, bearing an ephod; and the people knew not that Jonathan hath gone.

Smith's Literal Translation
And Ahiah, son of Ahitub, brother of Ichabod, son of Phinehas, son of Eli the priest of Jehovah in Shiloh, lifting up an Ephod. And the people knew not that Jonathan went.
Catholic Translations
Douay-Rheims Bible
And Achias the son of Achitob brother to Ichabod the son of Phinees, the son of Heli the priest of the Lord in Silo, wore the ephod. And the people knew not whither Jonathan was gone.

Catholic Public Domain Version
And Ahijah, the son of Ahitub, the brother of Ichabod, the son of Phinehas, who had been born of Eli, the priest of the Lord at Shiloh, wore the ephod. But the people did not know where Jonathan had gone.

New American Bible
Ahijah, son of Ahitub, brother of Ichabod, the son of Phinehas, son of Eli, the priest of the LORD at Shiloh, was wearing the ephod—nor did the soldiers know that Jonathan had gone.

New Revised Standard Version
along with Ahijah son of Ahitub, Ichabod’s brother, son of Phinehas son of Eli, the priest of the LORD in Shiloh, carrying an ephod. Now the people did not know that Jonathan had gone.
Translations from Aramaic
Lamsa Bible
And Ahiah, the son of Ahitub, Jochebar's brother, the son of Phinehas, the son of Eli, the LORD'S priest in Shiloh, was wearing an ephod. And the people did not know that Jonathan was gone to the crossing place.

Peshitta Holy Bible Translated
And Akhia son of Akhitub, the brother of Yukabar, son of Phinkhas, son of Eli Priest of LORD JEHOVAH who was in Shiloh, and he bore the ephod, and the people not did know that Jonathan had gone to the place of the crossing
OT Translations
JPS Tanakh 1917
and Ahijah, the son of Ahitub, Ichabod's brother, the son of Phinehas, the son of Eli, the priest of the LORD in Shiloh, wearing an ephod. And the people knew not that Jonathan was gone.

Brenton Septuagint Translation
And Achia son of Achitob, the brother of Jochabed the son of Phinees, the son of Heli, was the priest of God in Selom wearing an ephod: and the people knew not that Jonathan was gone.

Additional Translations ...
Audio Bible



Context
Jonathan's Victory over the Philistines
2Meanwhile, Saul was staying under the pomegranate tree in Migron on the outskirts of Gibeah. And the troops who were with him numbered about six hundred men, 3including Ahijah, who was wearing an ephod. He was the son of Ichabod’s brother Ahitub son of Phinehas, the son of Eli the priest of the LORD in Shiloh. But the troops did not know that Jonathan had left. 4Now there were cliffs on both sides of the pass that Jonathan intended to cross to reach the Philistine outpost. One was named Bozez and the other Seneh.…

Cross References
Ahijah, who was wearing an ephod.

1 Samuel 2:28
And out of all the tribes of Israel I selected your father to be My priest, to offer sacrifices on My altar, to burn incense, and to wear an ephod in My presence. I also gave to the house of your father all the food offerings of the Israelites.

1 Samuel 2:18
Now Samuel was ministering before the LORD—a boy wearing a linen ephod.

1 Samuel 22:18
So the king ordered Doeg, “You turn and strike down the priests!” And Doeg the Edomite turned and struck down the priests himself. On that day he killed eighty-five men who wore the linen ephod.
He was the son of Ichabod’s brother Ahitub

1 Samuel 4:21-22
And she named the boy Ichabod, saying, “The glory has departed from Israel,” because the ark of God had been captured and her father-in-law and her husband had been killed. / “The glory has departed from Israel,” she said, “for the ark of God has been captured.”

1 Samuel 2:34
And this sign shall come to you concerning your two sons Hophni and Phinehas: They will both die on the same day.

1 Samuel 4:11
The ark of God was captured, and Eli’s two sons, Hophni and Phinehas, died.
son of Phinehas, the son of Eli the priest of the LORD in Shiloh.

1 Samuel 1:3
Year after year Elkanah would go up from his city to worship and sacrifice to the LORD of Hosts at Shiloh, where Eli’s two sons, Hophni and Phinehas, were priests to the LORD.

1 Samuel 4:17-18
The messenger answered, “Israel has fled before the Philistines, and there has been a great slaughter among the people. Your two sons, Hophni and Phinehas, are both dead, and the ark of God has been captured.” / As soon as the ark of God was mentioned, Eli fell backward from his chair by the city gate, and being old and heavy, he broke his neck and died. And Eli had judged Israel forty years.

1 Samuel 2:12-17
Now the sons of Eli were wicked men; they had no regard for the LORD / or for the custom of the priests with the people. When any man offered a sacrifice, the servant of the priest would come with a three-pronged meat fork while the meat was boiling / and plunge it into the pan or kettle or cauldron or cooking pot. And the priest would claim for himself whatever the meat fork brought up. This is how they treated all the Israelites who came to Shiloh. …
But the troops did not know that Jonathan had left.

1 Samuel 20:41-42
When the young man had gone, David got up from the south side of the stone, fell facedown, and bowed three times. Then he and Jonathan kissed each other and wept together—though David wept more. / And Jonathan said to David, “Go in peace, for the two of us have sworn in the name of the LORD, saying, ‘May the LORD be a witness between you and me, and between your descendants and mine forever.’” Then David got up and departed, and Jonathan went back into the city.

2 Samuel 15:11
Two hundred men from Jerusalem accompanied Absalom. They had been invited as guests and they went along innocently, for they knew nothing about the matter.

Joshua 2:4-5
But the woman had taken the two men and hidden them. So she said, “Yes, the men did come to me, but I did not know where they had come from. / At dusk, when the gate was about to close, the men went out, and I do not know which way they went. Pursue them quickly, and you may catch them!”
Exodus 28:30
And place the Urim and Thummim in the breastpiece of judgment, so that they will also be over Aaron’s heart whenever he comes before the LORD. Aaron will continually carry the judgment of the sons of Israel over his heart before the LORD.

Leviticus 8:8
Then he put the breastpiece on him and placed the Urim and Thummim in the breastpiece.

Numbers 27:21
He shall stand before Eleazar the priest, who will seek counsel for him before the LORD by the judgment of the Urim. At his command, he and all the Israelites with him—the entire congregation—will go out and come in.”

Deuteronomy 33:8
Concerning Levi he said: “Give Your Thummim to Levi and Your Urim to Your godly one, whom You tested at Massah and contested at the waters of Meribah.


Treasury of Scripture

And Ahiah, the son of Ahitub, Ichabod's brother, the son of Phinehas, the son of Eli, the LORD's priest in Shiloh, wearing an ephod. And the people knew not that Jonathan was gone.

Ahiah

1 Samuel 22:9-12,20
Then answered Doeg the Edomite, which was set over the servants of Saul, and said, I saw the son of Jesse coming to Nob, to Ahimelech the son of Ahitub…

called Ahimelech

1 Samuel 4:21
And she named the child Ichabod, saying, The glory is departed from Israel: because the ark of God was taken, and because of her father in law and her husband.

wearing

1 Samuel 2:28
And did I choose him out of all the tribes of Israel to be my priest, to offer upon mine altar, to burn incense, to wear an ephod before me? and did I give unto the house of thy father all the offerings made by fire of the children of Israel?

Exodus 28:26-32
And thou shalt make two rings of gold, and thou shalt put them upon the two ends of the breastplate in the border thereof, which is in the side of the ephod inward…

Jump to Previous
Ahiah Ahijah Ahi'jah Ahitub Ahi'tub Bearing Eli Ephod Ichabod I-Chabod Idea Jehovah's Jonathan LORD's Phinehas Phin'ehas Priest Shiloh Wearing
Jump to Next
Ahiah Ahijah Ahi'jah Ahitub Ahi'tub Bearing Eli Ephod Ichabod I-Chabod Idea Jehovah's Jonathan LORD's Phinehas Phin'ehas Priest Shiloh Wearing
1 Samuel 14
1. Jonathan goes and miraculously smites the Philistine's garrison
15. A divine terror makes them beat themselves
17. Saul, not staying the priest's answer, sets on them
21. The captivated Hebrews, and the hidden Israelites, join against them.
24. Saul's unadvised adjuration hinders the victory
31. He restrains the people from eating blood
35. He builds an altar
37. Jonathan, taken by lot, is save by the people
47. Saul's victories, strength, and family












including Ahijah, who was wearing an ephod.
Ahijah, a priest, is mentioned here as wearing an ephod, a priestly garment associated with seeking divine guidance. The ephod often contained the Urim and Thummim, used for decision-making. This highlights the religious practices of the time and the role of the priesthood in Israel. The ephod signifies Ahijah's authority and his role in spiritual matters, reflecting the importance of seeking God's will in leadership decisions.

He was the son of Ichabod’s brother Ahitub
Ahijah's lineage is traced back to Ichabod, whose name means "the glory has departed," a reference to the loss of the Ark of the Covenant to the Philistines (1 Samuel 4:21). This connection underscores the ongoing consequences of Israel's earlier failures and the spiritual decline that had occurred. Ahitub, Ichabod's brother, continues the priestly line, indicating the persistence of God's covenant despite human failure.

son of Phinehas, the son of Eli the priest of the LORD in Shiloh.
This genealogy connects Ahijah to Eli, the high priest whose family suffered judgment due to the sins of his sons, Hophni and Phinehas (1 Samuel 2:12-36). Eli's priesthood was marked by corruption, leading to God's pronouncement of judgment. The mention of Shiloh, where the tabernacle was located, emphasizes the historical and religious significance of this priestly line. It also serves as a reminder of the consequences of disobedience and the need for faithful leadership.

But the troops did not know that Jonathan had left.
Jonathan's departure without the knowledge of the troops highlights his initiative and courage. This act of faith contrasts with Saul's hesitance and reliance on human strategies. Jonathan's actions demonstrate trust in God's power rather than military might, foreshadowing the victory that follows. This phrase also sets the stage for the unfolding narrative, where Jonathan's faith leads to a significant triumph over the Philistines, illustrating the theme of divine intervention and the importance of individual faithfulness.

Persons / Places / Events
1. Ahijah
A priest during the time of King Saul, identified as the son of Ahitub and the brother of Ichabod. He is a descendant of Eli, the priest of the LORD in Shiloh.

2. Ahitub
Father of Ahijah, part of the priestly lineage descending from Eli.

3. Ichabod
The brother of Ahijah, whose name means "The glory has departed from Israel," reflecting the tragic events surrounding his birth.

4. Phinehas
The grandfather of Ahijah, known for his role as a priest and his death in battle, which led to the birth of Ichabod.

5. Eli
The great-grandfather of Ahijah, a significant priestly figure in Israel's history, who served in Shiloh.

6. Shiloh
A central place of worship in Israel before the establishment of the temple in Jerusalem, where Eli served as a priest.

7. Jonathan
The son of King Saul, known for his bravery and faith, who secretly left the camp to confront the Philistines.
Teaching Points
The Importance of Spiritual Leadership
Ahijah's presence as a priest wearing an ephod signifies the need for spiritual guidance in times of crisis. In our lives, we should seek godly counsel and rely on spiritual leaders who are grounded in Scripture.

Legacy and Consequences
The lineage of Eli, including Ahijah, reminds us of the lasting impact of our actions and decisions. We should strive to leave a legacy of faithfulness and obedience to God.

Courage and Initiative
Jonathan's secret departure to confront the Philistines demonstrates the importance of taking bold steps of faith. We are called to act courageously in alignment with God's will, even when others are unaware.

Divine Providence
The account highlights God's sovereignty and His ability to work through individuals and circumstances to achieve His purposes. Trusting in God's providence can give us confidence in uncertain times.
Bible Study Questions and Answers
1. What is the meaning of 1 Samuel 14:3?

2. How does Ahijah's presence in 1 Samuel 14:3 influence Saul's leadership decisions?

3. What role does the ephod play in seeking God's guidance in 1 Samuel 14:3?

4. How does Ahijah's lineage connect to Eli's priesthood and its implications?

5. How can we seek God's guidance in decision-making, as seen in 1 Samuel 14:3?

6. What lessons on spiritual leadership can we learn from Ahijah's role in 1 Samuel 14:3?

7. Who was Ahijah and what was his role in 1 Samuel 14:3?

8. Why is the mention of Ichabod significant in 1 Samuel 14:3?

9. How does 1 Samuel 14:3 reflect the spiritual state of Israel at the time?

10. What are the top 10 Lessons from 1 Samuel 14?

11. Are there any contradictions between 1 Samuel 4 and other biblical accounts regarding the fate of Eli's sons or the Ark's movements?

12. What is the biblical meaning of "Ichabod"?

13. Is there any archaeological or historical evidence supporting the existence of a functioning Tabernacle at Shiloh during the events of 1 Samuel 1:3?

14. Does God change his mind? I Samuel 15:10-11, 15:35, and Genesis 6:6-7 suggest yes, while I Samuel 15:29 suggests no. How do these contradictions reconcile?
What Does 1 Samuel 14:3 Mean
Setting the scene

“Meanwhile, Saul was staying on the outskirts of Gibeah under the pomegranate tree in Migron, and the troops who were with him numbered about six hundred men.” (1 Samuel 14:2)

• Verse 3 continues this snapshot. While Saul hesitates, another drama is unfolding. Jonathan and his armor-bearer have slipped away (1 Samuel 14:1).

• The verse highlights who is present with Saul and what they are (and are not) doing, setting the contrast between royal inaction and Jonathan’s faith-filled initiative (cf. Judges 6:11-14, where Gideon moves forward while others hide).


Introducing Ahijah

“And Ahijah … was wearing an ephod.”

• Ahijah is the acting priest on the scene. His name means “brother of Yah.”

• Saul keeps a priest close, yet the narrative makes clear he is not actively seeking the Lord at this moment (contrast 1 Samuel 14:18-19, where Saul thinks about consulting, then stops).

• The presence of Ahijah underscores the spiritual resources available but unused—much like earlier when Saul failed to wait for Samuel (1 Samuel 13:8-14).


The significance of the ephod

“… was wearing an ephod.”

• The ephod was the priestly garment that included the breastpiece with the Urim and Thummim for discerning God’s will (Exodus 28:6-30; Numbers 27:21).

• When David later seeks guidance, he will call for the ephod (1 Samuel 23:9-12), modeling reliance on God. Saul’s silence here foreshadows his drift toward self-reliance (1 Samuel 28:6).

• The explicit mention reminds readers that divine direction was available in the camp, heightening the irony that Jonathan, not Saul, steps out in faith (cf. James 1:5-8).


The priestly lineage

“He was the son of Ichabod’s brother Ahitub, son of Phinehas, son of Eli the priest of the LORD in Shiloh.”

• This genealogy ties Ahijah to the line of Eli, whose house had been judged (1 Samuel 2:27-36; 3:11-14).

• Though judgment fell, God in mercy still provides priests to serve Israel, demonstrating His covenant faithfulness (Psalm 89:30-34).

• Eli’s history also warns that religious position without obedience leads to loss of glory (“Ichabod,” 1 Samuel 4:21). Saul’s trajectory is heading the same direction.


The unaware troops

“But the troops did not know that Jonathan had left.”

• The army’s ignorance underlines Saul’s lack of leadership oversight.

• Their unawareness allows Jonathan freedom to act without interference, illustrating how God can work through a remnant or even a single believer (2 Chronicles 16:9; Zechariah 4:10).

• The secrecy sets up the coming victory, proving that salvation “is not by sword or spear; for the battle is the LORD’s” (1 Samuel 17:47).


Spiritual insights for believers today

• Having spiritual resources nearby (Bible, church, godly counsel) is useless without active reliance—Saul’s camp had an ephod yet no consultation (Proverbs 3:5-6).

• Faith often moves quietly and courageously while others sit in fear; Jonathan’s step echoes Peter stepping out of the boat (Matthew 14:28-29).

• God’s purposes advance even when leadership falters, because He honors those who trust Him (1 Samuel 14:6; Hebrews 11:32-34).


summary

1 Samuel 14:3 contrasts Saul’s passive leadership with Jonathan’s daring faith. A priest in Eli’s line, Ahijah, stands by wearing the ephod—the very tool for seeking God’s guidance—yet Saul does nothing with it. The army, oblivious to Jonathan’s departure, underscores the king’s spiritual dullness. Together, these details magnify the truth that God’s deliverance comes through those who actively depend on Him, not through mere religious trappings or titles.

(3) Ahiah, the son of Ahitub.--The Chronicles, rehearsing these facts, show us what a terrible impression the last events in Eli's reign as high priest had made in Israel. The destruction of Shiloh, the death of the high priest, the fall of Phinehas and his brother in battle, the melancholy circumstances of the birth of I-chabod, were still fresh in the memory of the people. Well might Jonathan be ready to sacrifice himself if he could deal an effectual blow upon these hereditary enemies of his country. Of this high priest Ahiah we never hear again in these Books of Samuel. He is generally supposed to be the same as the high priest Ahimelech, who was subsequently murdered by Doeg, by the direction of Saul, with the priests at Nob (1Samuel 22:9, &c.). The name Ahiah signifies "brother," or "friend of the Eternal"; Ahimelech, "brother of the king," may be another form of the same name.

Wearing an ephod.--The ephod here alluded to is not the ordinary priestly vestment of white linen, but that official garment worn alone by the high priest, in which was the breast-plate of gems with the mysterious Urim and Thummim, by which inquiry used to be made of the Lord.

Verse 3. - Ahiah, the son of Ahitub. (See on 1 Samuel 13:9.) It is interesting to find the house of Eli recovering at last from its disaster, and one of its members duly ministering in his office before the king. It has been debated whether he was the same person as Ahimelech, mentioned in 1 Samuel 21:1, etc., the supposition being grounded on the fact that Ahiah is never spoken of again. But he may have died; and with regard to the argument drawn from the similarity of the names, we must notice that names compounded with Ah (or Ach), brother, were common in Eli's family, while compounds with Ab, father, were most in use among Saul's relatives. Ahiah or Ahijah means Jah is brother; his father is Ahitub, the brother is good; why should he not call another son Ahimelech, the brother is king? Jehovah's priest in Shiloh. This refers to Eli, the regular rule in Hebrew being that all such statements belong, not to the son, but to the father. Wearing an ephod. Literally, ephod bearing. The ephod, as we have seen on 1 Samuel 2:18, was the usual ministerial garment; but what is meant here is not an ordinary ephod of linen, but that described in Leviticus 8:7, 8, wherein was the breastplate, by which Jehovah's will was made known to his people, until prophecy took its place. All this, the former part of the verse, must be regarded as a parenthesis.

Parallel Commentaries ...


Hebrew
including Ahijah,
וַאֲחִיָּ֣ה (wa·’ă·ḥî·yāh)
Conjunctive waw | Noun - proper - masculine singular
Strong's 281: Ahijah -- 'brother of Yah', an Israelite name

who was wearing
נֹשֵׂ֣א (nō·śê)
Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine singular
Strong's 5375: To lift, carry, take

an ephod.
אֵפ֑וֹד (’ê·p̄ō·wḏ)
Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 646: A girdle, the ephod, highpriest's shoulder-piece, an image

He was the son
בֶן־ (ḇen-)
Noun - masculine singular construct
Strong's 1121: A son

of Ichabod's
אִיכָב֣וֹד ׀ (’î·ḵā·ḇō·wḏ)
Noun - proper - masculine singular
Strong's 350: Ichabod -- 'inglorious', a son of Phinehas

brother
אֲחִ֡י (’ă·ḥî)
Noun - masculine singular construct
Strong's 251: A brother, )

Ahitub
אֲחִט֡וּב (’ă·ḥi·ṭūḇ)
Noun - proper - masculine singular
Strong's 285: Ahitub -- 'my brother is goodness', two Israelites

son
בֶּן־ (ben-)
Noun - masculine singular construct
Strong's 1121: A son

of Phinehas,
פִּינְחָ֨ס (pî·nə·ḥās)
Noun - proper - masculine singular
Strong's 6372: Phinehas -- three Israelites

the son
בֶּן־ (ben-)
Noun - masculine singular construct
Strong's 1121: A son

of Eli
עֵלִ֜י (‘ê·lî)
Noun - proper - masculine singular
Strong's 5941: Eli -- a priest at Shiloh

the priest
כֹּהֵ֧ן ׀ (kō·hên)
Noun - masculine singular construct
Strong's 3548: Priest

of the LORD
יְהוָ֛ה (Yah·weh)
Noun - proper - masculine singular
Strong's 3068: LORD -- the proper name of the God of Israel

in Shiloh.
בְּשִׁל֖וֹ (bə·ši·lōw)
Preposition-b | Noun - proper - feminine singular
Strong's 7887: Shiloh -- a city in Ephraim

But the troops
וְהָעָם֙ (wə·hā·‘ām)
Conjunctive waw, Article | Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 5971: A people, a tribe, troops, attendants, a flock

did not
לֹ֣א (lō)
Adverb - Negative particle
Strong's 3808: Not, no

know
יָדַ֔ע (yā·ḏa‘)
Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singular
Strong's 3045: To know

that
כִּ֥י (kî)
Conjunction
Strong's 3588: A relative conjunction

Jonathan
יוֹנָתָֽן׃ (yō·w·nā·ṯān)
Noun - proper - masculine singular
Strong's 3129: Jonathan

had left.
הָלַ֖ךְ (hā·laḵ)
Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singular
Strong's 1980: To go, come, walk


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OT History: 1 Samuel 14:3 And Ahijah the son of Ahitub Ichabod's (1Sa iSam 1 Sam i sa)
1 Samuel 14:2
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