Genealogy from Benjamin to Saul 1Benjamin was the father of Bela his firstborn, Ashbel the second, Aharah the third, 2Nohah the fourth, and Rapha the fifth. 3The sons of Bela: Addar, Gera, Abihud,a 4Abishua, Naaman, Ahoah, 5Gera, Shephuphan, and Huram. 6These were the descendants of Ehud who were the heads of the families living in Geba and were exiled to Manahath: 7Naaman, Ahijah, and Gera, who carried them into exile and who was the father of Uzza and Ahihud.b 8Shaharaim had sons in the country of Moab after he had divorced his wives Hushim and Baara. 9His sons by his wife Hodesh: Jobab, Zibia, Mesha, Malcam, 10Jeuz, Sachia, and Mirmah. These were his sons, heads of families. 11He also had sons by Hushim: 12The sons of Elpaal: Eber, Misham, Shemed (who built Ono and Lod with its villages), 13and Beriah and Shema (who were the heads of families living in Aijalon and who drove out the inhabitants of Gath). 14Ahio, Shashak, Jeremoth, 15Zebadiah, Arad, Eder, 16Michael, Ishpah, and Joha were the sons of Beriah. 17Zebadiah, Meshullam, Hizki, Heber, 18Ishmerai, Izliah, and Jobab were the sons of Elpaal. 19Jakim, Zichri, Zabdi, 20Elienai, Zillethai, Eliel, 21Adaiah, Beraiah, and Shimrath were the sons of Shimei. 22Ishpan, Eber, Eliel, 23Abdon, Zichri, Hanan, 24Hananiah, Elam, Anthothijah, 25Iphdeiah, and Penuel were the sons of Shashak. 26Shamsherai, Shehariah, Athaliah, 27Jaareshiah, Elijah, and Zichri were the sons of Jeroham. 28All these were heads of families, the chiefs according to their genealogies, and they lived in Jerusalem. 29Jeiel the father of Gibeon livedc in Gibeon. His wife’s name was Maacah, 30and Abdon was his firstborn son, then Zur, Kish, Baal,d Nadab, 31Gedor, Ahio, Zecher,e 32and Mikloth, who was the father of Shimeah.f They too lived alongside their relatives in Jerusalem. The Family of Saul 33Ner was the father of Kish, Kish was the father of Saul, and Saul was the father of Jonathan, Malchishua, Abinadab, and Esh-baal.g 34The son of Jonathan: Merib-baal,h and Merib-baal was the father of Micah.i 35The sons of Micah: Pithon, Melech, Tarea,j and Ahaz. 36Ahaz was the father of Jehoaddah, Jehoaddahk was the father of Alemeth, Azmaveth, and Zimri, and Zimri was the father of Moza. 37Moza was the father of Binea. Raphahl was his son, Eleasah his son, and Azel his son. 38Azel had six sons, and these were their names: Azrikam, Bocheru, Ishmael, Sheariah, Obadiah, and Hanan. All these were the sons of Azel. 39The sons of his brother Eshek: Ulam was his firstborn, Jeush second, and Eliphelet third. 40The sons of Ulam were mighty men of valor, archers, and they had many sons and grandsons—150 in all. All these were the descendants of Benjamin. Footnotes: 3 a Possibly Gera the father of Ehud; see verse 7. 7 b Or and Gera, that is Heglam, who was the father of Uzza and Ahihud. 29 c Some LXX manuscripts (see also 1 Chronicles 9:35); Hebrew The father of Gibeon lived 30 d Some LXX manuscripts include Ner; see 1 Chronicles 9:36. 31 e Zecher is likely a variant of Zechariah; see 1 Chronicles 9:37. 32 f Shimeah is a variant of Shimeam; see 1 Chronicles 9:38. 33 g Esh-baal is also called Ish-bosheth; see 2 Samuel 2:8. 34 h Merib-baal is also called Mephibosheth; see 2 Samuel 4:4. 34 i Micah is a variant of Mica; see 2 Samuel 9:12. 35 j Tarea is a variant of Tahrea; see 1 Chronicles 9:41. 36 k Jehoaddah is a variant of Jarah or Jadah; see 1 Chronicles 9:42. 37 l Raphah is a variant of Rephaiah; see 1 Chronicles 9:43. Berean Standard Bible (BSB) printed 2016, 2020, 2022, 2025 by Bible Hub and Berean.Bible. Produced in cooperation with Bible Hub, Discovery Bible, unfoldingWord, Bible Aquifer, OpenBible.com, and the Berean Bible Translation Committee. This text of God's Word has been dedicated to the public domain. Free downloads and unlimited usage available. See also the Berean Literal Bible and Berean Interlinear Bible. Bible Hub  1 Chronicles 8 Summary Genealogy from Benjamin to SaulVerses 1–7 – Benjamin’s Core Line Verses 8–13 – Shaharaim, Moab, and the Defense of Aijalon Verses 14–28 – Elpaal, Beriah, and the Jerusalem Settlers Verses 29–32 – Jeiel of Gibeon and the Kish Line Verses 33–40 – The Royal House of Saul and Its Later Descendants 1 Chronicles 8 presents an elaborate list of names, diving deep into the genealogical lineage of the tribe of Benjamin. This chapter serves as a historical record, preserving names, families, and their descendants. It's an essential exploration of the tribal heritage of Israel and the family ties that bind them together. Purpose of the Genealogy 1 Chronicles was compiled after the exile to remind the returning community of its roots. By spotlighting Benjamin, the writer: • Validates Benjamin’s share in Jerusalem alongside Judah (cf. Joshua 18:21–28). • Traces Saul’s line to show that even a rejected dynasty still mattered to God’s story. • Encourages scattered families to reclaim their ancestral towns. Benjamin’s Place in Israel • Smallest tribe at the census (Numbers 26:41) yet strategically located between Ephraim and Judah. • Produced key leaders: Ehud (Judges 3), Saul (1 Samuel 9), Jonathan (1 Samuel 14), and Paul the apostle (Philippians 3:5). • Benjamin’s loyalty later splits: some cities follow the northern kingdom, others stay with Judah (2 Chronicles 11:12–13). Shaharaim and Moabite Ties Shaharaim’s Moabite episode reminds us that Israel’s clans regularly intermarried with neighboring peoples—sometimes leading to trouble (Numbers 25), other times to blessing (Ruth 1). His children returned to Israel and became defenders of Aijalon, illustrating how God can redeem complicated family histories. Jeiel of Gibeon and Early Jerusalem Gibeon lies just six miles northwest of today’s Old City. Excavations at el-Jib (ancient Gibeon) have uncovered massive water systems that match Joshua 9’s description of a fortified city. Jeiel’s move to Jerusalem (v. 28) likely occurred under David, who consolidated tribal support within his new capital (2 Samuel 5:6-10). The House of Saul • Saul’s ancestry: Ner → Kish → Saul (v. 33). • His sons’ fates connect to larger narratives—Jonathan’s covenant with David (1 Samuel 18), Ish-bosheth’s short reign (2 Samuel 2-4), and Mephibosheth’s life under David’s protection (2 Samuel 9). • Chronicles never belittles Saul; instead, it locates him firmly within Benjamin’s honored line, suggesting God’s purposes continue despite human failure. Archaeological Notes • Aijalon (modern Yalo) controlled the ascent from the coastal plain; Iron Age remains confirm heavy fortification. • Ono and Lod appear in 5th-century BC Aramaic papyri, matching the post-exilic context of Chronicles (cf. Nehemiah 11:35). • Gath’s destruction layers show multiple Israelite incursions; Benjaminite action in v. 13 fits Philistine decline in the 10th–9th centuries BC. Links with Other Scriptures • Judges 3:15–30 – Ehud, the left-handed deliverer from Benjamin. • 1 Samuel 9–31 – Life of Saul, the most famous descendant in this chapter. • 2 Samuel 4–9 – The survival of Saul’s house through Mephibosheth. • Nehemiah 11:4–9 – Benjaminite families resettling Jerusalem after the exile. • Philippians 3:5 – Paul the apostle cites his Benjaminite heritage, proving the tribe’s legacy even in New Testament times. Everyday Takeaways • God preserves names and accounts that people forget; no family history is insignificant. • Past failures (Saul) do not erase future usefulness (Jonathan’s legacy, Paul’s ministry). • Small tribes and quiet towns—Ono, Lod, Geba—can play outsized roles in God’s unfolding plan. Connections to Additional Scriptures Genesis 35:16-18The birth of Benjamin and the significance of his name. 1 Samuel 9:1-2 The introduction of Saul, a Benjamite, as Israel's first king. Romans 11:1 Paul, a Benjamite, speaks of God's continued faithfulness to Israel. Philippians 3:5 Paul references his heritage as a Benjamite, highlighting the importance of identity in Christ. Teaching Points The Importance of GenealogyGenealogies in the Bible, such as in 1 Chronicles 8, underscore the continuity of God's promises through generations. They remind us of God's faithfulness to His covenant people. The Tribe of Benjamin This chapter focuses on the descendants of Benjamin, emphasizing the tribe's significance in Israel's history. Benjamin was the youngest son of Jacob, yet his descendants played crucial roles in the nation's story. Saul's Lineage Verses 33-40 detail the lineage of Saul, Israel's first king. This highlights the historical and spiritual significance of Saul's family and their impact on Israel's monarchy. God's Sovereignty The detailed genealogies reflect God's sovereign hand in history, orchestrating events and lineages to fulfill His purposes. Practical Applications Value of HeritageReflect on your own spiritual heritage and the legacy you are building for future generations. How can you honor and continue the faith of those who came before you? Trust in God's Plan Just as God worked through the generations of Benjamin, trust that He is working through the details of your life, even when they seem mundane or insignificant. Role in God's Story Recognize that each person has a role in God's redemptive story. Consider how you can contribute to His kingdom purposes in your community and beyond. People 1. BenjaminThe founder of the tribe of Benjamin, the focus of the genealogy in this chapter. 2. Bela The firstborn son of Benjamin and the patriarch of a family within the tribe. 3. Ashbel The second son of Benjamin, noted as an ancestor of his own lineage. 4. Aharah The third son of Benjamin, also called Ahiram in other genealogies. 5. Nohah The fourth son of Benjamin, with descendants listed among the Benjamites. 6. Rapha The fifth son of Benjamin, with an unspecified role in the genealogical records. 7. Ehud An important figure, possibly the same as the judge in Judges 3, though his connection to Benjamin here focuses on his descendants. 8. Shaharaim A Benjamite who had children after leaving his first two wives, Hushim and Baara, indicating family dynamics. 9. Ulam A descendant of Shaharaim, known for being a leader of mighty warriors and archers. 10. Elpaal A descendant of Benjamin, whose sons include key builders and settlers of towns. 11. Beriah A son of Elpaal who helped build and establish cities, including Ono and Lod. 12. Shema Another son of Elpaal involved in founding cities. 13. Azrikam A Benjamite figure connected to the family of Elpaal. 14. Ishpan A descendant in Benjamin's lineage, whose mention adds to the complexity of the genealogy. 15. Hushim and Baara Wives of Shaharaim, who are specifically named, giving insight into marriage and family structures. Places 1. GibeonGibeon is mentioned in 1 Chronicles 8:29 as the dwelling place of Jeiel, the father of Gibeon. Gibeon was an important city in the territory of Benjamin and is known for its historical significance, including the famous battle where Joshua commanded the sun to stand still (Joshua 10:12-14). The Hebrew root for Gibeon is "גִּבְעוֹן" (Giv'on), which means "hill city." 2. Jerusalem Although not directly mentioned in 1 Chronicles 8, Jerusalem is implied as part of the broader context of the tribe of Benjamin's territory. Jerusalem, known as "יְרוּשָׁלַיִם" (Yerushalayim) in Hebrew, is a central city in biblical history and the eventual capital of Israel under King David. Events 1. Genealogy of BenjaminThe chapter begins with a detailed genealogy of the tribe of Benjamin, starting with Benjamin himself. The text lists his descendants, emphasizing the lineage and family connections. This reflects the importance of tribal identity and heritage in Israelite society. 2. Sons of Benjamin The sons of Benjamin are listed, including Bela, Ashbel, Aharah, Nohah, and Rapha. This enumeration highlights the foundational families within the tribe, each contributing to the growth and development of the tribe. 3. Descendants of Bela The genealogy continues with the descendants of Bela, the firstborn of Benjamin. The text names his sons and grandsons, such as Addar, Gera, and Abihud, showcasing the expansion of his lineage. 4. Descendants of Ehud The chapter mentions the descendants of Ehud, another significant figure within the tribe. This includes leaders and warriors, indicating the tribe's strength and influence. 5. Genealogy of Gera Gera's descendants are listed, including Uzza and Ahihud. This section underscores the continuation of the family line and its role within the tribe. 6. Sons of Shaharaim Shaharaim's sons are mentioned, born in the land of Moab. This reflects the historical movements and interactions of the tribe with neighboring regions. 7. Descendants of Elpaal The genealogy of Elpaal is detailed, with names like Eber, Misham, and Shemed. This highlights the diverse branches within the tribe and their contributions to its legacy. 8. Sons of Beriah The chapter lists the sons of Beriah, including Heber and Malchiel. This further illustrates the complex family structures and the importance of lineage. 9. Genealogy of Shimei Shimei's descendants are mentioned, adding to the comprehensive record of the tribe's genealogy. 10. Descendants of Eshek The text provides the lineage of Eshek, including Ulam and Jeush. This section continues the theme of detailed family records. 11. Sons of Ulam The chapter concludes with the sons of Ulam, noted for their prowess as warriors and archers. This emphasizes the martial capabilities and valor of the tribe of Benjamin. Throughout 1 Chronicles 8, the emphasis on genealogy serves to establish the historical and cultural identity of the tribe of Benjamin, reflecting the broader biblical theme of God's covenant with Israel and the significance of maintaining tribal and familial heritage. Topics 1. Genealogy of BenjaminThe chapter begins with a detailed genealogy of the tribe of Benjamin, tracing the lineage from Benjamin himself. This section highlights the importance of family heritage and tribal identity in Israelite culture. The Hebrew term "תּוֹלְדוֹת" (toledot) often used for genealogies, underscores the significance of lineage in the biblical narrative. 2. Descendants of Bela Verses 3-5 list the descendants of Bela, the firstborn son of Benjamin. This includes names such as Addar, Gera, and Abihud, emphasizing the continuation of the family line through Bela. The focus on firstborn sons reflects the cultural importance of primogeniture in ancient Israel. 3. Descendants of Ehud The genealogy continues with the descendants of Ehud, another prominent figure in the tribe of Benjamin. This section, found in verses 6-7, includes the mention of leaders and warriors, indicating the tribe's role in Israel's military history. 4. Descendants of Shaharaim Verses 8-11 detail the descendants of Shaharaim, who had children in the land of Moab. This highlights the interactions and relationships between the Israelites and neighboring nations, as well as the expansion of the tribe beyond its original borders. 5. Descendants of Elpaal The genealogy further extends to the descendants of Elpaal in verses 12-18. This section includes notable figures such as Eber, Misham, and Shemed, who are credited with building cities, reflecting the tribe's contribution to the development and settlement of the land. 6. Descendants of Beriah and Shema Verses 19-28 list the descendants of Beriah and Shema, emphasizing their roles as heads of families and leaders within the tribe. The mention of these leaders underscores the organizational structure and governance within the tribe of Benjamin. 7. Descendants of Shashak and Jeroham The chapter concludes with the descendants of Shashak and Jeroham in verses 29-40. This section includes a long list of names, highlighting the extensive and diverse family lines within the tribe. The repetition of names and the detailed record-keeping reflect the importance of preserving tribal history and identity. Throughout 1 Chronicles 8, the emphasis on genealogy serves to establish the historical and spiritual heritage of the tribe of Benjamin, reinforcing the continuity of God's covenant with His people. Themes 1. Genealogy and Heritage1 Chronicles 8 provides a detailed genealogy of the tribe of Benjamin, emphasizing the importance of lineage and heritage in Israelite society. This chapter underscores the value placed on family history and tribal identity, which is a recurring theme throughout the Old Testament. The Hebrew word "תּוֹלְדוֹת" (toledot), meaning "generations" or "descendants," highlights the continuity of God's people through their ancestral lines. 2. Tribal Identity and Unity The chapter lists the descendants of Benjamin, illustrating the distinct identity of each tribe within the nation of Israel. This theme reflects the unity and diversity within the people of God, as each tribe contributes to the collective identity of Israel. The emphasis on tribal lineage serves to remind the Israelites of their shared history and covenant with God. 3. Leadership and Influence Several individuals mentioned in 1 Chronicles 8 are noted for their roles as leaders or influential figures within their communities. This theme highlights the importance of leadership in maintaining the spiritual and social order of the Israelite tribes. The Hebrew term "נָשִׂיא" (nasi), meaning "leader" or "prince," is often associated with those who hold positions of authority and responsibility. 4. Faithfulness to God's Covenant The genealogies serve as a testament to God's faithfulness in preserving His covenant people through generations. Despite the challenges and failures faced by the Israelites, the continuation of these family lines demonstrates God's enduring commitment to His promises. The theme of covenant faithfulness is central to understanding the relationship between God and His people. 5. Historical Continuity and Fulfillment By tracing the lineage of Benjamin, 1 Chronicles 8 connects the past with the present, showing how God's plan unfolds through history. This theme emphasizes the fulfillment of God's purposes across generations, as each name represents a link in the chain of divine providence. The genealogical record serves as a reminder of God's sovereignty and the unfolding of His redemptive plan. Answering Tough Questions 1. In 1 Chronicles 8:1-2, how can these names and lineages of Benjamin be reconciled with variations in other Old Testament genealogies? Bible Study Discussion Questions 1. Why do you think the Bible places such importance on genealogies? 2. How do these lineages contribute to your understanding of the history of the Israelites? 3. Why is the tribe of Benjamin given such detailed attention in 1 Chronicles 8? 4. How does the detailed lineage of Benjamin reflect on the broader narrative of the Bible? 5. How might these genealogical records have impacted the tribes' identities and their sense of community? 6. In what ways can the historical documentation in 1 Chronicles 8 inspire us to record and preserve our own family histories? 7. What lessons about legacy and inheritance can we draw from this chapter? 8. How can we apply the importance of family ties and heritage seen in 1 Chronicles 8 to our lives today? 9. How do you feel when reading about the extensive families and descendants in 1 Chronicles 8? How does it make you reflect on your family and lineage? 10. What role does the preservation of historical records play in our understanding of our ancestry? 11. How does understanding your own family lineage affect your sense of identity? 12. In what ways can we honor our ancestors and heritage as seen in the practices of the tribes of Israel? 13. How does the lineage of the tribe of Benjamin shed light on God's promise to Abraham about his descendants being as numerous as the stars? 14. What does the emphasis on patriarchal lineage tell us about the culture and societal norms of the ancient Israelites? 15. How might the emphasis on male lineage in these genealogical records contrast with modern understandings of family and lineage? 16. What role does understanding our past play in shaping our future? 17. If you were to record your family's genealogy as done in 1 Chronicles 8, what unique traits, strengths, or stories would you highlight? 18. How would you handle the responsibility of preserving your family's history for future generations, as the scribes did in 1 Chronicles 8? 19. How can the concept of lineage from 1 Chronicles 8 impact how we view our spiritual family within the body of Christ? 20. How do you see the theme of God's faithfulness played out in the detailed recording of the lineage of Benjamin's tribe? Bible Hub Chapter Summaries and Bible Study Questions |
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