Psalm 46:1-3
God is our refuge and strength, an ever-present help in times of trouble.

2 Corinthians 12:9
But He said to me, 'My grace is sufficient for you, for My power is perfected in weakness.'

Romans 8:37
No, in all these things we are more than conquerors through Him who loved us.Historical Context
Psalm 60 is set during a period of military conflict, specifically when David faced opposition from Edom and other surrounding nations. Understanding this context helps us appreciate the urgency and desperation in David's plea.

God's Sovereignty
Despite the initial sense of abandonment, David acknowledges God's ultimate control over the nations. You have rejected us, O God; You have broken us; You have been angry; restore us! (Psalm 60:1).

Human Frailty vs. Divine Strength
The psalm contrasts human weakness with God's strength, emphasizing that victory comes not from human might but from divine intervention. With God we will perform with valor, and He will trample our enemies (Psalm 60:12).

Covenant Relationship
David's appeal is rooted in the covenant relationship between God and Israel. He recalls God's promises and seeks His favor based on His faithfulness.

Prophetic Hope
The psalm ends with a confident expectation of God's deliverance, pointing to a future where God's people will triumph through His power.Trust in God's Sovereignty
In times of personal or communal crisis, remember that God is in control and His purposes will prevail.

Prayer in Desperation
Like David, bring your fears and frustrations to God in prayer, trusting in His ability to restore and deliver.

Rely on God's Strength
Acknowledge your own limitations and depend on God's strength to overcome challenges.

Remember God's Promises
In difficult times, hold fast to the promises of God as a source of hope and encouragement.

Seek God's Guidance
In decision-making, seek God's wisdom and direction, trusting that He will lead you to victory.1. God
The central figure in the psalm, God is addressed by the psalmist as the one who has rejected and disciplined Israel but is also their source of help and salvation. The Hebrew root for God here is "אֱלֹהִים" (Elohim).

2. David
The author of the psalm, King David is speaking on behalf of Israel, expressing lament over their current plight and seeking God's intervention. The psalm is attributed to him in the superscription.

3. Israel
While not a person, Israel is personified as the nation experiencing God's displeasure and seeking restoration. The Hebrew root for Israel is "יִשְׂרָאֵל" (Yisra'el).

4. Edom
Mentioned in the context of God’s judgment and Israel’s military campaigns, Edom represents one of the adversaries of Israel. The Hebrew root for Edom is "אֱדוֹם" (Edom).1. Shechem
In Psalm 60:6, God declares, "I will parcel out Shechem." Shechem is a significant city in the central region of ancient Israel, often associated with covenantal events in the Hebrew Bible.

2. Succoth
Also in Psalm 60:6, God says, "and measure off the Valley of Succoth." Succoth refers to a location east of the Jordan River, known for its historical and agricultural significance.

3. Gilead
Mentioned in Psalm 60:7, "Gilead is Mine." Gilead is a mountainous region east of the Jordan River, known for its balm and as a place of refuge.

4. Manasseh
In Psalm 60:7, "Manasseh is Mine." Manasseh refers to one of the tribes of Israel, which settled on both sides of the Jordan River.

5. Ephraim
Also in Psalm 60:7, "Ephraim is My helmet." Ephraim is another tribe of Israel, often representing the northern kingdom due to its size and influence.

6. Judah
In Psalm 60:7, "Judah is My scepter." Judah is a prominent tribe, from which the royal line of David and ultimately Jesus Christ descends.

7. Moab
Psalm 60:8 states, "Moab is My washbasin." Moab is a region and people located east of the Dead Sea, often in conflict with Israel.

8. Edom
Also in Psalm 60:8, "upon Edom I toss My sandal." Edom is a territory south of the Dead Sea, traditionally seen as an adversary of Israel.

9. Philistia
In Psalm 60:8, "over Philistia I shout in triumph." Philistia refers to the coastal region inhabited by the Philistines, known for their conflicts with Israel.1. God's Rejection and Anger
The psalm begins with David acknowledging that God has rejected and broken the nation, expressing a sense of divine anger. The Hebrew root here is "זָנַח" (zanach), meaning to reject or forsake. (Psalm 60:1)

2. The Land's Shaking and Breach
David describes the land as quaking and being torn open, symbolizing instability and crisis. The Hebrew word "רָעַשׁ" (ra'ash) is used, meaning to shake or quake. (Psalm 60:2)

3. A Call for Restoration
David pleads for God to heal the breaches and restore the nation, indicating a desire for divine intervention and healing. (Psalm 60:2)

4. Experiencing Hardship
The people have been shown hard things and made to drink the wine of confusion, suggesting a period of suffering and bewilderment. The Hebrew "תַּרְעֵלָה" (tarelah) refers to reeling or staggering. (Psalm 60:3)

5. A Banner for the Fearful
God has given a banner to those who fear Him, symbolizing a rallying point or sign of hope amidst adversity. The Hebrew "נֵס" (nes) means a standard or ensign. (Psalm 60:4)

6. A Prayer for Deliverance
David asks for God’s deliverance and salvation with His right hand, emphasizing reliance on divine power. (Psalm 60:5)

7. God's Promise of Victory
God speaks in His holiness, promising victory and division of the land among His people, indicating divine assurance and sovereignty. (Psalm 60:6-8)

8. Acknowledgment of God's Sovereignty
David acknowledges that human help is worthless without God, reinforcing the belief in God's ultimate control and power. (Psalm 60:11)

9. Confidence in God's Help
The psalm concludes with a declaration of confidence that through God, they will gain victory over their adversaries, highlighting faith in divine assistance. (Psalm 60:12)1. God's Rejection and Anger
Psalm 60 begins with a lament over God's apparent rejection and anger towards His people. The psalmist cries out, "You have rejected us, O God; You have broken us; You have been angry—restore us!" (Psalm 60:1). The Hebrew root for "rejected" (זָנַח, zanach) conveys a sense of being cast off or forsaken, highlighting the depth of the perceived separation from God.

2. National Calamity and Divine Discipline
The psalmist describes a national calamity, likening it to an earthquake: "You have shaken the land and torn it open. Heal its fractures, for it is quaking" (Psalm 60:2). This imagery suggests divine discipline, with the Hebrew word for "shaken" (רָעַשׁ, ra'ash) indicating a violent disturbance, reflecting the severity of the situation.

3. A Call for Deliverance
There is a plea for deliverance and restoration: "You have shown Your people hardship; we are staggered from the wine You made us drink" (Psalm 60:3). The metaphor of staggering from wine implies confusion and disorientation, urging God to intervene and restore clarity and stability.

4. God's Banner and Protection
The psalmist acknowledges God's protection, symbolized by a banner: "You have raised a banner for those who fear You, that they may flee the bow" (Psalm 60:4). The Hebrew word for "banner" (נֵס, nes) signifies a rallying point or standard, representing God's presence and protection for His faithful.

5. Divine Promise and Assurance
The psalm includes a reminder of God's promises: "God has spoken from His sanctuary: 'I will triumph! I will parcel out Shechem and measure off the Valley of Succoth'" (Psalm 60:6). This assurance of victory and possession of the land reflects God's covenant faithfulness, with the Hebrew root for "triumph" (עָלַז, alaz) conveying joy and exultation.

6. Human Limitations and Divine Help
The psalmist acknowledges human limitations and the necessity of divine help: "Give us aid against the enemy, for the help of man is worthless" (Psalm 60:11). This highlights the futility of relying solely on human strength, emphasizing the need for God's intervention.

7. Confidence in God's Victory
The psalm concludes with confidence in God's ultimate victory: "With God we will perform with valor, and He will trample our enemies" (Psalm 60:12). The Hebrew root for "perform with valor" (חָיִל, chayil) suggests strength and capability, underscoring the belief that success comes through God's power.1. Divine Displeasure and Restoration
Psalm 60 begins with an acknowledgment of God's displeasure: "You have rejected us, O God; You have broken us; You have been angry—restore us!" (Psalm 60:1). The Hebrew root for "rejected" (זָנַח, zanach) conveys a sense of being cast off or forsaken, highlighting the severity of God's anger. The plea for restoration underscores a theme of seeking reconciliation and healing from God’s wrath.

2. National Calamity and Divine Sovereignty
The psalm reflects on a national crisis, possibly a military defeat, as seen in "You have shaken the land and torn it open" (Psalm 60:2). The imagery of an earthquake symbolizes instability and chaos. Despite this, the psalmist acknowledges God's ultimate control over nations, emphasizing His sovereignty even amidst turmoil.

3. God as a Refuge and Banner
The psalmist declares, "You have given a banner to those who fear You, that it may be displayed because of the truth" (Psalm 60:4). The Hebrew word for "banner" (נֵס, nes) signifies a rallying point or standard, representing God's protection and truth as a refuge for His people.

4. Petition for Deliverance and Victory
A central theme is the plea for divine intervention: "Save us with Your right hand and answer us, that those You love may be delivered" (Psalm 60:5). The "right hand" symbolizes power and authority, and the request for deliverance reflects trust in God's ability to rescue and grant victory.

5. God’s Promises and Faithfulness
The psalmist recalls God's promises concerning the land: "God has spoken from His sanctuary: 'I will triumph! I will parcel out Shechem and measure off the Valley of Succoth'" (Psalm 60:6). This theme highlights God's faithfulness to His covenant and His assurance of triumph over adversaries.

6. Human Inadequacy and Divine Assistance
The psalmist acknowledges human limitations: "Give us aid against the enemy, for the help of man is worthless" (Psalm 60:11). This theme underscores the futility of relying solely on human strength and the necessity of divine assistance for true victory.

7. Confidence in God’s Ultimate Victory
The psalm concludes with confidence in God’s power: "With God we will perform with valor, and He will trample our enemies" (Psalm 60:12). This theme reflects a steadfast belief in God’s ability to secure victory, reinforcing trust in His omnipotence and justice.1. How can Psalm 60:2's depiction of an earth split apart be reconciled with the lack of historical or geological evidence for such a cataclysmic event?

2. Since Psalm 60:1 portrays God as angry and distant, how does this align with the Bible’s broader portrayal of His mercy and love?

3. The title of Psalm 60 references conflicts with Aram Naharaim and Aram Zobah; why is there minimal archaeological evidence to substantiate these campaigns?

4. Psalm 60:7 mentions Gilead, Manasseh, Ephraim, and Judah; how do these tribal borders align (or conflict) with other historical and biblical records of Israel’s territories?

5. If Psalm 60 is truly Davidic, why do some scholars assert that the psalm’s language or context suggests a later composition, potentially challenging its authenticity?

1. What does the ‘wine of staggering’ symbolize in your life? How have you experienced this in moments of deep distress?

2. How does David's plea reflect your own feelings in times of trouble?

3. Reflect on a time when you felt like God had 'rejected' you. How did you navigate this experience?

4. How does God's banner of truth offer solace in the face of chaos and fear?

5. What does God's dominion over different regions signify in Psalm 60? How does this apply to the world today?

6. When you face trials, like David facing the struggle with Edom, where do you find your strength?

7. In what ways does Psalm 60 influence your understanding of God's sovereignty?

8. How have you experienced God's restoration in your life?

9. How can you relate to the feeling of despair that Israelites felt, and how did you seek God's mercy and intervention?

10. Why is it important to acknowledge our own inadequacy, as David does in verse 12?

11. In what ways can God's promises be a 'banner' in your life during tumultuous times?

12. How can you apply the teachings of Psalm 60 to current world events and crises?

13. David asks God to lead him into a 'fortress'. What does this fortress symbolize in your life?

14. How does Psalm 60 challenge your understanding of suffering and divine judgment?

15. How does David's trust in God inspire you in your walk of faith?

16. In today's context, how can we understand and apply the concept of God's sovereignty over nations and regions?

17. How can we reconcile the image of a loving God with the depiction of God's judgment in Psalm 60?

18. What role does prayer play in your personal restoration journey, as shown in Psalm 60?

19. How can you encourage others with the message of God's restoration during their personal struggles?

20. How does Psalm 60 influence your understanding of hope in times of national or personal crisis?