Romans 10:20-21
Paul references Isaiah 65:1-2 to illustrate God’s outreach to the Gentiles and the persistent disobedience of Israel.

Revelation 21:1-4
John’s vision of the new heaven and new earth echoes the promises found in Isaiah 65:17-25.

2 Peter 3:13
Peter speaks of the new heavens and new earth, where righteousness dwells, reinforcing the hope of Isaiah 65.God’s Readiness to Be Found
Isaiah 65:1-2 highlights God’s willingness to reveal Himself to those who do not seek Him, emphasizing His grace and patience. I revealed Myself to those who did not ask for Me; I was found by those who did not seek Me (Isaiah 65:1).

Rebellion and Consequences
Verses 2-7 describe the rebellious nature of the people and the resulting judgment. God stretches out His hands to a disobedient people, yet they continue in their own ways.

A Remnant Preserved
Despite widespread disobedience, God promises to preserve a faithful remnant. I will bring forth descendants from Jacob, and heirs to My mountains from Judah; My chosen ones will possess it, and My servants will dwell there (Isaiah 65:9).

The New Creation
Verses 17-25 paint a picture of the new heavens and new earth, where former troubles are forgotten, and joy and peace abound. For behold, I will create new heavens and a new earth. The former things will not be remembered, nor will they come to mind (Isaiah 65:17).

God’s Justice and Mercy
The chapter contrasts the fate of the faithful and the unfaithful, underscoring God’s justice and mercy.Seek God Actively
Even when God reveals Himself, it is crucial for us to actively seek Him and respond to His call.

Reflect on Our Actions
Consider areas in our lives where we may be rebelling against God’s will and seek His forgiveness and guidance.

Hope in God’s Promises
Hold fast to the hope of the new creation, allowing it to inspire and motivate us in our daily walk with God.

Embrace God’s Justice and Mercy
Trust in God’s perfect justice and mercy, knowing that He will reward the faithful and deal justly with the unfaithful.1. The LORD (Yahweh)
The central figure in Isaiah 65, the LORD speaks throughout the chapter, expressing His intentions, judgments, and promises. The Hebrew name used is יהוה (YHWH), which is often rendered as "LORD" in English translations.

2. A Nation that Did Not Call on My Name
This refers to the Gentiles or non-Israelite nations who were not originally seeking God but are now being reached out to by Him. This reflects God's openness to those outside of Israel.

3. A Rebellious People
This term describes the Israelites who have turned away from God, engaging in idolatry and disobedience. The Hebrew word for "rebellious" is סוֹרֵר (sorer), indicating a stubborn refusal to follow God's ways.

4. Those Who Walk in Ways Not Good
This group includes individuals who persist in sinful behaviors and practices that are contrary to God's commands.

5. Those Who Sacrifice in Gardens
These are people who engage in pagan worship practices, which were often conducted in gardens or groves, contrary to the worship of Yahweh.

6. Those Who Sit Among the Graves
This refers to individuals involved in necromancy or seeking the dead, practices forbidden in the Hebrew Scriptures.

7. Those Who Eat the Flesh of Pigs
This group is characterized by their consumption of unclean foods, specifically pork, which was prohibited under the Mosaic Law.

8. My Servants
This term is used to describe the faithful remnant of Israel who remain loyal to God. They are promised blessings and a future inheritance.

9. My Chosen Ones
Similar to "My Servants," this refers to those selected by God for His purposes, often seen as the faithful believers who will inherit God's promises.

10. The Offspring of Jacob
This phrase refers to the descendants of Jacob (Israel), highlighting the covenant relationship between God and the people of Israel.

11. The Offspring of Judah
This specifically points to the descendants of the tribe of Judah, emphasizing the messianic lineage and the promises associated with this tribe.

12. The One Who Blesses Himself in the Land
This person is someone who finds their blessing and identity in the land promised by God, reflecting a life aligned with God's will.

13. The One Who Swears by the God of Truth
This individual acknowledges and honors God as the ultimate truth, living a life of integrity and faithfulness.1. Jerusalem
Description
Jerusalem is depicted as a place of joy and delight. In Isaiah 65:18, it is described as a city that God will create anew, where the former troubles are forgotten. The Hebrew root for Jerusalem, "יְרוּשָׁלַיִם" (Yerushalayim), signifies a foundation of peace, reflecting its intended role as a center of divine presence and harmony.

2. Zion
Description
While not explicitly named in Isaiah 65, Zion is often synonymous with Jerusalem in prophetic literature. It represents the spiritual and physical restoration of God's people. The Hebrew "צִיּוֹן" (Tziyon) conveys the idea of a marked or distinct place, emphasizing its significance as a holy site.

3. Valley of Achor
Description
Mentioned in Isaiah 65:10, the Valley of Achor is promised to become a resting place for herds. Historically, it was a place of trouble (as "Achor" means "trouble" in Hebrew), but here it symbolizes transformation and hope, turning from a site of past judgment to one of future blessing.

4. Sharon
Description
In Isaiah 65:10, Sharon is described as a pasture for flocks. Known for its fertile plains, Sharon represents abundance and provision. The Hebrew "שָׁרוֹן" (Sharon) suggests a place of level ground, indicative of its agricultural richness.1. God's Readiness to be Found (Isaiah 65:1)
God declares His willingness to be found by those who did not seek Him, saying, "I revealed Myself to those who did not ask for Me; I was found by those who did not seek Me." This reflects God's grace and initiative in reaching out to the Gentiles, as seen in the Hebrew word "נִדְרַשְׁתִּי" (nidrashti), meaning "I was sought."

2. Rebellion of the People (Isaiah 65:2-3)
God laments the rebellion of His people, who walk in ways not good and provoke Him continually. He says, "All day long I have held out My hands to an obstinate people." The Hebrew word "סוֹרֵר" (sorer) indicates stubbornness or rebellion.

3. Idolatrous Practices Condemned (Isaiah 65:3-5)
The people engage in idolatrous practices, such as sacrificing in gardens and burning incense on altars of brick. God condemns these actions, highlighting their spiritual impurity.

4. Judgment and Retribution (Isaiah 65:6-7)
God promises to repay the iniquities of the people, stating, "I will not keep silent, but I will repay; I will pay it back into their laps." The concept of divine retribution is emphasized here.

5. Promise of a Remnant (Isaiah 65:8-10)
Despite the judgment, God promises to preserve a remnant, saying, "As when juice is found in a cluster of grapes and people say, ‘Do not destroy it, for there is still a blessing in it,’ so will I do on behalf of My servants." The Hebrew word "שָׁרִיד" (sharid) refers to the remnant.

6. Blessings for God's Servants (Isaiah 65:13-14)
God contrasts the fate of His servants with that of the wicked, promising joy and satisfaction for His servants: "My servants will eat, but you will go hungry; My servants will drink, but you will go thirsty."

7. New Heavens and a New Earth (Isaiah 65:17-19)
God declares the creation of new heavens and a new earth, where former things will not be remembered. This eschatological promise is a vision of ultimate restoration and peace.

8. Joy and Prosperity in Jerusalem (Isaiah 65:18-19)
God promises joy and delight in Jerusalem, saying, "I will rejoice over Jerusalem and take delight in My people." The Hebrew word "שָׂשׂוֹן" (sason) means joy or exultation.

9. Longevity and Security (Isaiah 65:20-23)
The new creation will be marked by longevity and security, where people will live long lives and enjoy the fruits of their labor without fear of loss.

10. Peaceful Coexistence (Isaiah 65:25)
The chapter concludes with a vision of peace, where "The wolf and the lamb will feed together, and the lion will eat straw like the ox." This imagery symbolizes harmony and the absence of violence in God's restored creation.1. God’s Readiness to Be Found (Isaiah 65:1-2)
In these verses, God expresses His willingness to be found by those who did not seek Him. The Hebrew word for "found" (נִדְרַשׁ, nidrash) implies a proactive revelation of God to the nations. God stretches out His hands to a rebellious people, highlighting His patience and desire for relationship.

2. Rebellion and Idolatry of the People (Isaiah 65:3-5)
The passage describes the people's continuous provocation of God through idolatrous practices. The Hebrew term for "provoke" (כַּעַס, kaas) indicates a deliberate act of defiance. The people engage in rituals that are detestable to God, such as offering sacrifices in gardens and burning incense on altars of brick.

3. Judgment and Retribution (Isaiah 65:6-7)
God declares that He will repay the iniquities of the people. The concept of "recompense" (שִׁלֵּם, shillem) in Hebrew underscores the certainty of divine justice. The sins of the ancestors are also mentioned, emphasizing the continuity of rebellion and the resulting judgment.

4. Promise of a Remnant (Isaiah 65:8-10)
Despite the judgment, God promises to preserve a remnant. The imagery of new wine found in a cluster (verse 8) symbolizes hope and preservation. The Hebrew word for "remnant" (שְׁאָר, she'ar) conveys the idea of a surviving group that will inherit God's blessings.

5. Contrast Between the Faithful and the Unfaithful (Isaiah 65:11-12)
A stark contrast is drawn between those who forsake the Lord and those who serve Him. The unfaithful are destined for the sword, while the faithful are called to serve God. The Hebrew root for "forsake" (עָזַב, azav) indicates abandonment and neglect of God.

6. Blessings for God’s Servants (Isaiah 65:13-16)
God promises blessings for His servants, including joy, satisfaction, and a new name. The Hebrew word for "servants" (עֲבָדִים, avadim) highlights their role and relationship with God. The faithful will be called by a new name, signifying transformation and divine favor.

7. Creation of New Heavens and a New Earth (Isaiah 65:17-19)
God announces the creation of new heavens and a new earth, where former things will not be remembered. The Hebrew term for "create" (בָּרָא, bara) is the same used in Genesis 1:1, indicating a divine act of bringing something entirely new into existence.

8. Joy and Prosperity in the New Jerusalem (Isaiah 65:20-25)
The passage concludes with a vision of joy and prosperity in the new Jerusalem. Longevity, peace, and harmony characterize this future state. The Hebrew word for "rejoice" (שָׂשׂוֹן, sason) captures the exuberant joy that will fill the city, reflecting God's ultimate restoration and blessing.1. God's Readiness to Be Found by the Gentiles
Isaiah 65:1 states, "I revealed Myself to those who did not ask for Me; I was found by those who did not seek Me." This theme highlights God's willingness to extend His grace beyond Israel to the Gentiles. The Hebrew word "נִדְרַשְׁתִּי" (nidrashti) implies being sought or inquired of, indicating God's openness to those outside the covenant community.

2. Rebellion of Israel
In Isaiah 65:2, God laments, "All day long I have held out My hands to an obstinate people, who walk in the wrong path, following their own imaginations." The Hebrew term "סוֹרֵר" (sorer) means rebellious or stubborn, emphasizing Israel's persistent disobedience despite God's continuous outreach.

3. Judgment on Idolatry and False Worship
Verses 3-5 describe practices that provoke God, such as offering sacrifices in gardens and burning incense on altars of brick. The Hebrew word "מַכְעִיסִים" (makhisim) means to provoke or anger, underscoring the seriousness of idolatry and syncretism.

4. Promise of a Remnant
Isaiah 65:8-9 speaks of a remnant: "As the new wine is found in a cluster, and one says, 'Do not destroy it, for it contains a blessing,' so I will act on behalf of My servants; I will not destroy them all." The concept of a remnant (שְׁאֵרִית, she'erit) is central, indicating God's faithfulness to preserve a faithful group within Israel.

5. Creation of a New Heavens and a New Earth
In Isaiah 65:17, God declares, "For behold, I will create new heavens and a new earth. The former things will not be remembered, nor will they come to mind." The Hebrew verb "בּוֹרֵא" (bore) means to create, signifying a divine act of renewal and transformation.

6. Joy and Rejoicing in Jerusalem
Verses 18-19 promise joy: "But be glad and rejoice forever in what I create; for I will create Jerusalem to be a delight and its people a joy." The Hebrew word "שִׂמְחָה" (simchah) for joy emphasizes the future restoration and happiness of God's people.

7. Blessings of Longevity and Prosperity
Isaiah 65:20-23 describes a time of blessing where "no longer will a nursing infant live but a few days, or an old man not live out his years." The Hebrew term "בָּרָכָה" (berachah) for blessing highlights the prosperity and longevity promised to the faithful.

8. Peace and Harmony in Creation
Verse 25 envisions peace: "The wolf and the lamb will feed together, and the lion will eat straw like the ox." The Hebrew word "שָׁלוֹם" (shalom) for peace reflects the ultimate harmony in God's renewed creation.1. Isaiah 65:17: How does the concept of a “new heavens and a new earth” align with established scientific laws governing the universe?

2. Isaiah 65:20: Why is there no historical or archaeological evidence of humans living extended lifespans described here?

3. Isaiah 65:25: Is there any scientific or fossil record suggesting carnivores could peacefully coexist with prey as predicted?

4. Isaiah 65:24: If God answers before people call, why are there countless unanswered prayers and unresolved suffering?

5. Isaiah 65:19: How do we reconcile the promise of no more weeping in Jerusalem with its violent and sorrowful history?

1. Reflect on Isaiah's depiction of God's open invitation in verses 1-2. How can this inform your understanding of God's pursuit of humanity today?

2. What parallels can you draw between the rebellious actions of the Israelites and modern forms of rebellion against God?

3. How can God's promise of blessing for the faithful in verses 8-10 encourage Christians in their walk of faith today?

4. What lessons can we learn from God's stern judgment on the unfaithful?

5. How does Isaiah's vision of a new creation inspire hope for the future?

6. How does the theme of divine justice resonate with you personally?

7. What are practical ways you can ensure faithfulness to God in your daily life?

8. In what ways do you see God's sovereignty and mercy at play in your life?

9. How can the contrast between the righteous and the wicked guide your personal and spiritual decisions?

10. How does the idea of God not remaining silent (v.6) resonate in the context of injustices we see today?

11. How might the promise of a new name for God's servants (v.15) provide comfort and hope for those experiencing struggles or persecution?

12. How can you apply the lessons from Isaiah 65 to evangelize to those who do not know God?

13. How can you cultivate an expectation for God's promised new creation in your daily life?

14. In what ways has rebellion against God changed in our modern context compared to the time of Isaiah?

15. How does the promise of God's intimate relationship with His people in the new creation affect your perspective of your relationship with God now?

16. How can Christians reconcile the reality of God's impending judgment with His love and mercy?

17. How does the metaphor of the new wine in a cluster (v.8) speak to you about the remnant of believers in today's world?

18. How can you use the lessons from Isaiah 65 to encourage others in their faith journey?

19. How does understanding God's divine justice shape your understanding of events in the world today?

20. How do you relate with God's grief over the unfaithfulness of His people as described in Isaiah 65?